2010 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (天津卷) 英语 笔试

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Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with drug and gang（团伙）problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often ran into trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day off.

Those fun trips had a lasting impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, while working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys quarreling. He sensed trouble between them. Suddenly one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. "I remember you. You took me fishing when I was in fifth grade. That was one of the best days of my life."

Deeply touched by the boy's words, Moody decided to create a foundation（基金会）that introduces teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. "As a policeman, I saw where there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging impact on the kids," says Moody.

By turning kids on to fishing, he intended to present an alternative way of life, "When you're sitting there waiting for a bite," he says, "you can't help but talk to each other, and such conversations can be pretty deep."

"Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer（同龄人）pressures in high school," says Michelle, 17, who participated in the first program. "And I was able to help my little brother avoid drugs."

Moody faces retirement in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time. "I'm living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my community to give back," Moody says. "If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow."

全文中文翻译

52岁的罗伯特·穆迪是一名经验丰富的警官。他的大部分工作都涉及处理所在社区学校里的毒品和团伙问题。知道很多孩子经常会遇到麻烦，他决定为此做点什么。于是在1991年，他开始在自己的休息日，邀请一小群孩子和他一起去钓鱼。

这些有趣的旅行产生了持久的影响，2000年的一次偶遇就证明了这一点。有一天，当他在学校的篮球赛上做安保工作时，穆迪注意到两个年轻人在吵架，他感觉到他们之间要出麻烦了。突然，其中一个人走向穆迪，给了他一个拥抱。“我记得你，我五年级的时候，你带我去钓过鱼，那是我这辈子最棒的日子之一。”

被这个男孩的话深深打动，穆迪决定成立一个基金会，在露营项目中向青少年介绍钓鱼的基础技巧。“作为警察，我看到，凡是有暴力的地方，背后总是有毒品，它们对孩子有破坏性的影响。”穆迪说。

通过让孩子爱上钓鱼，他想要给他们展示另一种生活方式。“当你坐在那里等着鱼咬钩的时候，”他说，“你会忍不住和对方聊天，而且这样的聊天可以聊得很深。”

“聊毒品的事情帮我做好了应对高中同龄人压力的准备，”17岁的米歇尔说，他参加了第一个项目，“而且我还能帮我的弟弟远离毒品。”

穆迪三年后就要退休了，他希望到时候全职运营这个基金会。“我现在生活得很幸福，我有责任回馈我的社区。”穆迪说，“如果我今天教会一个孩子钓鱼，他明天就能教他的弟弟钓鱼。”

阅读理解 A

原文

WELCOME
Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences (住所) of the Queen, who sometimes stays here.

Audio tours
Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit. There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors.

Guided tours
Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments.

Visitors with children
For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safety reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to borrow.

St George's Chapel
Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 from March to October are advised to visit St George's Chapel first, before it closes.

Shopping
Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children's toys. Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service.

Refreshments
Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. From April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permitted in the State Apartments or St George's Chapel.

Photography and mobile phones
Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George's Chapel. Mobile phones must be switched off inside the State Apartments and St George's Chapel in consideration of other visitors.

Security
As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route.

原文逐段解析

1. Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Windsor is one of the official residences (住所) of the Queen, who sometimes stays here.

句型拆分：第一句祈使句，宾语Windsor Castle，同位语the oldest and largest occupied castle...；第二句主语Windsor，系动词is，表语one of the official residences，定语从句who sometimes stays here修饰the Queen。

中文翻译：欢迎来到温莎城堡，这是世界上最古老、最大的有人居住的城堡。温莎是女王的官方住所之一，女王有时会住在这里。

2. Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit. There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors.

句型拆分：第一句主语Free audio tours，系动词are available，状语on leaving...；第二句there be句型，主语a descriptive audio tour，状语for...。

中文翻译：在你参观开始，离开接待中心的时候，就可以领取免费的语音导览。我们还为盲人和视力不佳的游客提供了描述性的语音导览。

3. Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide. Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments.

句型拆分：第一句主语Visitors，谓语can explore，宾语the history，状语through...；第二句主语Tours，并列谓语depart和finish，分别带状语。

中文翻译：游客可以在专业导游的带领下，通过参观城堡辖区来探索城堡的历史。导览团每天会定时从庭院出发，最后在国家公寓的入口结束。

4. For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends. Please note that, for safety reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments. However, baby carriers are available to borrow.

句型拆分：第一句状语For those...，主语a special family tour and various activities，谓语are offered；第二句祈使句，宾语从句that...；第三句主语baby carriers，系动词are available。

中文翻译：对于带孩子来的游客，我们在学校假期和周末会提供专门的家庭导览和各种活动。请注意，出于安全原因，国家公寓内不允许使用婴儿车，不过你可以借用婴儿背带。

5. Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 from March to October are advised to visit St George's Chapel first, before it closes.

句型拆分：主语Visitors，后置定语arriving at...，谓语are advised，宾语to visit...。

中文翻译：3月到10月期间，下午3点之后到达城堡的游客，建议你先去圣乔治礼拜堂，不然它就要关门了。

6. Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children's toys. Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service.

句型拆分：第一句主语Shops，谓语offer，宾语a wide range of souvenirs，后置定语designed for...；第二句祈使句。

中文翻译：商店里有很多为皇家收藏设计的纪念品，包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。你可以去中堡的商店咨询我们的送货上门服务。

7. Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops. From April to September ice cream is also available. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops. Eating and drinking are not permitted in the State Apartments or St George's Chapel.

句型拆分：四句分别是独立的简单句，第四句主语Eating and drinking，谓语are not permitted。

中文翻译：你可以在庭院和中堡的商店买到瓶装水，4月到9月还可以买到冰淇淋。想要离开城堡去镇上吃东西的游客，可以在城堡的商店办理重新入场许可。国家公寓和圣乔治礼拜堂内不允许饮食。

8. Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle. Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George's Chapel. Mobile phones must be switched off inside the State Apartments and St George's Chapel in consideration of other visitors.

句型拆分：三句简单句，第三句主语Mobile phones，谓语must be switched off，状语in consideration of...。

中文翻译：城堡内欢迎非商业性质的拍照和拍摄。但是国家公寓和圣乔治礼拜堂内不允许拍照、录像。为了不打扰其他游客，在国家公寓和圣乔治礼拜堂内必须关闭手机。

9. As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongings should get through airport-style security checks. For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route.

句型拆分：原因状语从句As...，主句主语visitors and their belongings，谓语should get through；第二句主语a one-way system，谓语operates。

中文翻译：因为温莎城堡是仍在使用的皇家宫殿，游客和他们的行李都要经过机场式的安检。出于安全原因，游客的参观路线是单向通行的。

阅读理解 B

原文

Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules ... planning your next move... acting as a team member... these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.

Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作).

Many children's games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting.

Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.

Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it — some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.

Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

原文逐段解析

1. Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules ... planning your next move... acting as a team member... these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.

句型拆分：设问句，主句these are all "game" ideas，定语从句that you will come across...。

中文翻译：为什么要玩游戏？因为它们很有趣，而且远不止如此。遵守规则、规划下一步行动、作为团队的一员……这些都是你一生中都会遇到的“游戏”思维。

2. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作).

句型拆分：祈使句，宾语games，定语从句you played...；最后一句主语they，谓语translate，宾语life，定语从句that teach children...，还有定语从句they will be expected to follow...。

中文翻译：想想你小时候玩过的游戏，比如跳绳和捉迷藏。这些游戏很有趣，但也许更重要的是，它们把生活转化成了激动人心的戏剧，教给孩子一些他们余生都要遵守的基本规则，比如轮流和合作。

3. Many children's games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting.

句型拆分：第一句简单句；第二句主语Children，谓语play，宾语games，定语从句that prepare them...，还有定语从句they will do...；第三句举例，非限制性定语从句which sharpens...。

中文翻译：很多孩子的游戏都有实用的一面，全世界的孩子玩的游戏，都是在为他们长大后的工作做准备。比如，一些沙特阿拉伯的孩子玩一种叫骨头的游戏，这个游戏可以锻炼打猎需要的手眼协调能力。

4. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.

句型拆分：第一句简单句；第二句主语the Olympic Games，谓语bring，宾语athletes，宾补together；第三句主语People，定语从句who watch...，谓语wave，现在分词做状语knowing that...。

中文翻译：很多运动都能激发民族或地方的自豪感。最有名的就是奥运会，它把全世界的运动员聚在一起，参加友好的比赛。看比赛的人们挥舞着旗帜，他们知道，一枚金牌是整个国家的胜利，而不仅仅是赢得它的运动员的。对于正在经历自然灾害或战争的国家来说，奥运的胜利意义重大。

5. Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it — some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.

句型拆分：第一句主语Sports，定语从句that unites people；最后一句主语He，谓语created，宾语a foundation，目的状语to provide...。

中文翻译：运动也是一种能团结人的活动，足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动，各大洲的人都在踢它——有的是为了好玩，有的是为了谋生。加州的足球运动员尼科莱特·伊里巴恩找到了一种通过足球传播希望的方式，他成立了一个基金会，不仅给贫困的孩子提供足球，还给他们一个有希望的未来。

6. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

句型拆分：时间状语Next time you...，祈使句，三个并列的宾语从句。

中文翻译：下次你玩你最喜欢的游戏或运动的时候，想想你为什么喜欢它，需要什么技能，以及这些技能会不会对你生活的其他方面有帮助。

阅读理解 C

原文

In the kitchen of my mother's houses there has always been a wooden stand (木架) with a small notepad (记事本) and a hole for a pencil.

I'm looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can't be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.

"I'm just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years." I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. "You still use a pencil. Can't you afford a pen?"

My mother replies a little sharply, "It works perfectly well. I've always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days."

Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, "One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on."

This story — which happened before I was born — reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal.

原文逐段解析

1. In the kitchen of my mother's houses there has always been a wooden stand (木架) with a small notepad (记事本) and a hole for a pencil.

句型拆分：there be句型，主语a wooden stand，后置定语with...。

中文翻译：在我妈妈家的厨房里，一直都有一个木架，上面放着一个小记事本，还有一个插铅笔的孔。

2. I'm looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can't be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.

句型拆分：第一句主语I，谓语am looking for，宾语paper，定语从句on which to note down...；第二句状语Over forty years...，主语the current paper and pencil，系动词look，表语the same as...。

中文翻译：我正在找纸，想把我要推荐给妈妈的书名记下来。从我最早记得这个厨房的记事本和铅笔，已经过去四十多年了，搬了五次家之后，现在的纸和铅笔看起来还是和以前一样。当然不可能是同一支铅笔吧？记事本更现代了，但那个木架绝对还是原来的那个。

3. "I'm just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years." I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. "You still use a pencil. Can't you afford a pen?"

句型拆分：直接引语，主句I say to her，现在分词做状语walking back...。

中文翻译：“我真的很惊讶，过了这么多年你居然还在用这个放记事本和铅笔的架子。”我拿着纸和铅笔走回客厅，对她说，“你居然还在用铅笔，你买不起钢笔吗？”

4. My mother replies a little sharply, "It works perfectly well. I've always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days."

句型拆分：主语My mother，谓语replies，直接引语，并列句。

中文翻译：我妈妈有点尖锐地回答：“它用起来很好啊，我一直把这个架子放在厨房里。我永远不知道什么时候我会突然想到一个点子，而且那时候我总是在厨房里。”

5. Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, "One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on."

句型拆分：第一句主语I，谓语can picture，宾语her，后面是独立主格结构描述她的样子；直接引语里，并列句，最后一句主语It，系动词turned out，表语a real breakthrough。

中文翻译：我立刻就能想象出她的样子：头发乱糟糟的，蓝色的家居服上沾满了面粉，一只手拿着木勺，另一只手拿着铅笔，嘴在默默地动着。妈妈笑着说：“有一天我一边做饭一边看着小宝宝琳，然后我突然想到了一个绝妙的点子，但是架子上的纸用完了，肯定是哪个孩子把纸拿走了。所以我就拿起了案板，把所有东西都写在了案板的背面。结果那个点子，真的是我当时在研究的那个数学问题的重大突破。”

6. This story — which happened before I was born — reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal.

句型拆分：主语This story，非限制性定语从句which happened...，谓语reminds，宾语me，宾语从句how extraordinary...；最后一句主语Those symbols，谓语have travelled，过去分词做状语rooted in...。

中文翻译：这个发生在我出生之前的故事，让我意识到，作为一个有天赋的数学家，我的妈妈过去是，现在也依然是多么的了不起。我觉得很惭愧，我居然会抱怨没有足够的、不被孩子打扰的时间来工作。后来，妈妈去洗澡的时候，我走进她的厨房，把案板都翻了过来。果然，在最小的那个案板的背面，有一些我认得出来的数学铅笔标记。这些符号五十年来都没有变，扎根在这个便宜的木案板上，成为了每顿饭时，都看不见的展品。

阅读理解 D

原文

To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.

Common sense is not all that common.

Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?

These three popular misquotes (戏谑的引语) are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don't want to accept the responsibility for having made a mistake. They naturally look for someone else who could be responsible for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this: "To err is human, to forgive, divine (神圣的)." This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others' mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite — find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.

Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine. Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company, "the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing."

And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it's okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary (直接推论) to that: if a good excuse is "good" even if it isn't honest, then where is the place of the truth?

原文逐段解析

1. To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.

句型拆分：两个简单句，不定式做主语。

中文翻译：犯错是人之常情，责怪别人更是人之常情。

2. Common sense is not all that common.

句型拆分：简单句，主语Common sense，系动词is，表语not all that common。

中文翻译：常识其实并不那么常见。

3. Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?

句型拆分：反问句，时间状语从句when you can...。

中文翻译：既然能编出好借口，为什么还要说真话？

4. These three popular misquotes (戏谑的引语) are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don't want to accept the responsibility for having made a mistake. They naturally look for someone else who could be responsible for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this: "To err is human, to forgive, divine (神圣的)." This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others' mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite — find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.

句型拆分：并列句，主语These three popular misquotes，并列谓语are meant和tell；后面的句子，主语To err，系动词is，表语a part of being human；最后一句主语taking responsibility...，系动词is，表语a mark of great maturity。

中文翻译：这三个流行的戏谑引语本来是玩笑，但它们却告诉了我们很多关于人性的东西。犯错，也就是犯错误，确实是人的一部分，但似乎大多数人都不想为自己犯的错承担责任，他们自然会找别人来为这个问题负责。也许这是人的天性。原本关于人性的引语是这样的：“犯错是人之常情，宽恕是超凡的。”这句话反映了一个理想：人们应该原谅别人的错误。但我们却恰恰相反——找别人来背锅。然而，为出错的事情承担责任，是成熟的标志。

5. Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine. Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company, "the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing."

句型拆分：第一句表语从句what we call...；第二句主语Having common sense，谓语means，宾语having...，还有it also means...；后面的句子，结果状语从句so...that...。

中文翻译：常识就是我们所说的清晰的思考。拥有常识意味着有一个好的整体计划，能让事情顺利进行，也意味着坚持这个计划。常识告诉你，下暴雨的时候要带伞，而听到天气预报说晴天的时候就把伞留在家里。但常识在大机构里似乎并不常见，因为事情太多了，一个人管不过来。人们说，在大公司里，“右手不知道左手在做什么”。

6. And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it's okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary (直接推论) to that: if a good excuse is "good" even if it isn't honest, then where is the place of the truth?

句型拆分：第一句反问句，定语从句that thinks...；第二句主语One of the common problems，表语从句that people...；最后一句推论。

中文翻译：一个社会把编好借口当成创造艺术品，这有什么问题？编借口的一个常见问题是，人们，尤其是年轻人，会觉得不用一直完全诚实也没关系。这就有一个直接的推论：如果一个好借口哪怕不诚实也算是“好”，那真话还有什么位置？

阅读表达

原文

When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn't take Cuddles out for walk — Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.

When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldn't bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.

Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean, friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 20-25 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.

Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.

Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find way on busy streets, step over curbs (便道沿) and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated (显示) its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.

原文逐段解析

1. When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn't take Cuddles out for walk — Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.

句型拆分：时间状语从句When...，主句Cuddles is never far away；破折号后的句子，主语It，并列系表结构is a...和serves as...，定语从句who is blind修饰Shaw。

中文翻译：当丹·肖从家里的沙发上站起来的时候，卡德斯永远都在他身边。当他想出门的时候，不是他带卡德斯去散步——而是卡德斯带他去散步。卡德斯显然不是普通的家庭宠物，它是一匹两英尺高的迷你马，是失明的肖的导盲眼。

2. When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldn't bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.

句型拆分：时间状语从句When...，主句his wife suggested...；第二句主语Shaw，同位语an animal lover，谓语said，宾语从句。

中文翻译：当肖失明之后，他的妻子建议他申请一只导盲犬。肖是个动物爱好者，他说他受不了和狗分开——狗通常只能活8到10年，他这辈子可能要好几次适应新的导盲犬。

3. Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean, friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 20-25 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.

句型拆分：第一句简单句；第二句主语He，谓语learned，宾语从句that the horses possess...，定语从句that make them...；最后一句非限制性定语从句which would enable...。

中文翻译：然后肖听说了一个关于迷你导盲马的项目，他了解到，这种马有很多特质，让它们成为导盲的绝佳选择。它们干净、友好、聪明，记忆力很好，可以被训练得在嘈杂拥挤的地方保持冷静。最重要的是，它们能活20到25年，这意味着肖这辈子大部分甚至全部时间，都能有同一个导盲伙伴。

4. Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.

句型拆分：第一句主语Shaw，并列谓语applied和was accepted；第二句时间状语The instant he met...，主句he knew...。

中文翻译：肖立刻申请，并且成功被录取，成为了第一个收到导盲马的人。他一见到卡德斯，就知道自己做了正确的选择，然后他就开始了训练。

5. Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find way on busy streets, step over curbs (便道沿) and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated (显示) its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.

句型拆分：第一句主语Shaw and Cuddles，谓语learned，三个并列的宾语；第二句主语Cuddles，谓语demonstrated，宾语its ability，目的状语to prevent...；最后一句主语Shaw，谓语is confident，宾语从句。

中文翻译：通过训练，肖和卡德斯学会了在繁忙的街道找路，跨过便道沿，找到电梯按钮。卡德斯甚至会挡在肖的前面拦住他，防止他走到危险的地方。这匹小马还熟练地带着肖穿过繁忙的商场，他们相处得毫无困难。现在肖相信，卡德斯会让他的生活变得更好。

作文

题目要求

假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一批优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：

• 对此活动的认识（如对本人、学生及社会的益处等）
• 个人优势（如性格、独立生活能力、语言能力等）
• 你的计划（如怎样进行辅导等）

注意：

1. 词数不少于100；
2. 可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。

参考词汇：晨曦希望小学 Chenxi Hope School

满分范文

Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. I'm writing to apply for the opportunity to teach English at Chenxi Hope School during the summer vacation.

I hold the firm belief that this activity will bring great benefits to both sides. For the students there, it can help them improve their English and broaden their horizons. For me, it will be a precious chance to enrich my social experience and learn to contribute to society.

Besides, I believe I am well qualified for this job. I am an outgoing and easy-going person, which means I can get along well with the kids. I have been learning English for many years and have a good command of spoken English. What's more, I am independent enough to take good care of myself when staying away from home.

If I am lucky enough to be accepted, I have made a detailed plan. First, I will prepare interesting English stories and games to arouse their interest in English. Second, I will help them correct their pronunciation and improve their oral English. I will also encourage them to practice English in daily life.

I really hope I can get this precious chance. I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua

范文逐句解析

1. I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. I'm writing to apply for the opportunity to teach English at Chenxi Hope School during the summer vacation.

句型拆分：第一句S+V+P，介绍身份；第二句S+V，目的状语to apply for...，说明写信的目的。

中文翻译：我是高二一班的李华，我写信是为了申请暑假去晨曦希望小学教英语的机会。

2. I hold the firm belief that this activity will bring great benefits to both sides. For the students there, it can help them improve their English and broaden their horizons. For me, it will be a precious chance to enrich my social experience and learn to contribute to society.

句型拆分：第一句S+V+O，同位语从句that...解释belief的内容；后面两句分别讲对学生和对自己的好处。

中文翻译：我坚信这个活动会对双方都有很大的好处。对那里的学生来说，这能帮他们提高英语，开阔眼界。对我来说，这是一个宝贵的机会，能丰富我的社会经验，学会回馈社会。

3. Besides, I believe I am well qualified for this job. I am an outgoing and easy-going person, which means I can get along well with the kids. I have been learning English for many years and have a good command of spoken English. What's more, I am independent enough to take good care of myself when staying away from home.

句型拆分：第一句宾语从句；第二句非限制性定语从句which means...；最后一句时间状语从句when...。

中文翻译：除此之外，我相信我能胜任这份工作。我是个外向随和的人，这意味着我能和孩子们好好相处。我学英语很多年了，口语也很好。而且我很独立，离家的时候能照顾好自己。

4. If I am lucky enough to be accepted, I have made a detailed plan. First, I will prepare interesting English stories and games to arouse their interest in English. Second, I will help them correct their pronunciation and improve their oral English. I will also encourage them to practice English in daily life.

句型拆分：条件状语从句If...，主句I have made...；后面分点讲计划。

中文翻译：如果我有幸被录取，我已经做好了详细的计划。首先，我会准备有趣的英语故事和游戏，来激发他们对英语的兴趣。其次，我会帮他们纠正发音，提高口语。我还会鼓励他们在日常生活中练习英语。

5. I really hope I can get this precious chance. I am looking forward to your reply.

句型拆分：宾语从句，最后是常用的书信结尾。

中文翻译：我真的希望我能得到这个宝贵的机会，期待你的回复。

写作要点解析

1. 要点覆盖：文章完整覆盖了三个要求的要点：对活动的认识、个人优势、辅导计划，没有遗漏，符合高考作文的内容要求。
2. 逻辑连贯：用了Besides, What's more, First, Second这些连接词，让文章的逻辑很清晰，段落之间过渡自然。
3. 词汇亮点：用了hold the firm belief, broaden one's horizons, enrich experience, be qualified for, arouse interest这些高级词汇，避免了用太简单的表达，提升了文章的档次。
4. 语法亮点：用了同位语从句、非限制性定语从句，还有现在完成时等多种语法，体现了语法的多样性。

易错点提醒

• 注意书信的格式，开头结尾不要写错，这里题目已经给了，不要自己乱改。
• 注意apply for的搭配，不要写成apply to，这是高频错误。
• 注意专有名词Chenxi Hope School的大写，不要写错。
• 不要遗漏要点，比如不要只讲自己的优势，忘了讲辅导计划，或者忘了讲对活动的认识，三个要点都要覆盖到，不然会扣分。