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Part 1 通用学术字汇-字首篇
表示「否定」的字首
a-/an-: not, without
atypical [eˈtɪpɪkl]
a + typ + ical → without + type + 形容词字尾
非典型的
SARS is an atypical form of pneumonia.
SARS是一种非典型的肺炎。
abysmal [əˈbɪzməl]
a + bys(m) + al → without + bottom + 形容词字尾
无底的；极度的；糟糕的
Visitors to the slum were appalled by the abysmal living conditions they saw.
来到贫民窟的访客，都对眼前极差的生活环境感到十分震惊。
analphabetic [ˌænælfəˈbetɪk]
an + alphabet + ic → without + alphabet + 形容词字尾
不识字的；文盲
Fewer and fewer people are analphabetic nowadays.
不识字的人如今愈来愈罕见了。
My grandfather was an analphabetic all his life.
我祖父一生是个文盲。
anonymous [əˈnɒnɪməs]
an + onym + ous → without + name + 形容词字尾
匿名的
I never pay attention to anonymous letters.
我从来不理匿名信。
apathetic [ˌæpəˈθetɪk]
a + path + etic → without + feel + 形容词字尾
冷漠的，不关心的
You mustn’t be apathetic about environmental protection.
关于环保，你千万不能漠不关心。
atheist [ˈeɪθiɪst]
a + theo + ist → without + god + person
无神论者
He’s an atheist and doesn’t pray.
他是个无神论者，从来不祷告。
atrophy [ˈætrəfi]
a + troph + y → without + food + 名词字尾
萎缩
Astronauts returning from extended stays in zero gravity often suffer from muscular atrophy.
太空人长期处于无重力状态，回来之后往往会有肌肉萎缩症。
After two months in the hospital, my leg muscles had atrophied.
住院两个月之后，我的腿部肌肉已经萎缩了。
in- (il-, im-, ir-): not
infinite [ˈɪnfɪnət]
in + fin + ite → not + limit + 形容词字尾
无限的，无穷的
With infinite patience, the teacher answered the same question for the fifth time.
以无限的耐心，老师第五次回答同样的问题。
illiterate [ɪˈlɪtərət]
il + liter + ate → not + letter + 形容词字尾
不识字的；文盲
You can’t expect an old illiterate farmer to be familiar with Shakespeare.
你不能指望一个不识字的农夫懂莎士比亚。
The man is an adult illiterate because he never went to school.
此人是个不识字的成年男子，因为他从来没有上过学。
immobilize [ɪˈməʊbəlaɪz]
im + mob + ilize → not + move + 动词字尾
使不能动，固定
In his dream, the boy was immobilized with fear.
在梦中，小男孩害怕到不能动弹。
impervious [ɪmˈpɜːviəs]
im + per + via + ous → not + through + way + 形容词字尾
不能渗透的；不受影响的
The plastic raincoat is impervious to water.
这件塑料雨衣不透水。
The best-selling author is impervious to criticism.
这位畅销作家完全不受批评的影响。
insatiable [ɪnˈseɪʃəbl]
in + sati + able → not + enough + able
无法满足的
The country’s insatiable demands for oil and steel have driven up prices.
该国对石油与钢铁无止境的需求，导致价格上涨。
insensate [ɪnˈsenseɪt]
in + sens + ate → not + feel + 形容词字尾
无知觉的；不讲理的
Rocks are insensate objects.
岩石是没有知觉的物体。
He’s an insensate boss who refuses to allow time off for funerals.
他是个不讲理的老板，员工请假都不准。
irrepressible [ˌɪrɪˈpresəbl]
ir + re + press + ible → not + back + press + able
压抑不住的
The kid’s curiosity is irrepressible.
这个小孩压抑不住他的好奇心。
irreversible [ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl]
ir + re + vers + ible → not + back + turn + able
无法逆转的
Aging is an irreversible process; one can only try to slow it down.
老化是无法逆转的过程，我们只能设法延缓它的速度。
non-: not
nonalcoholic [ˌnɒnælkəˈhɒlɪk]
non + alcohol + ic → not + alcohol + 形容词字尾
不含酒精的
Minors can only buy nonalcoholic drinks.
未成年人只能买不含酒精的饮料。
nonfiction [ˌnɒnˈfɪkʃn]
non + fict + ion → not + make + 名词字尾
非小说类
Which do you prefer, fiction or nonfiction?
你喜欢小说还是非小说？
nonpartisan [ˌnɒnˌpɑːtɪˈzæn]
non + parti + (s)an → not + party + 形容词字尾
无党派色彩的，中立的
The government has organized a nonpartisan committee to study the issue objectively.
政府成立一个中立委员会，以客观研究该主题。
nonprofit [ˌnɒnˈprɒfɪt]
non + pro + fit → not + for + do
非营利的
The CFCT is a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization.
中华消费者基金会是个非营利的非政府组织。
un-: not
unconscious [ʌnˈkɒnʃəs]
un + con + sci + ous → not + intensifier + know + 形容词字尾
无知觉的，无意识的
The boxer lay unconscious on the floor.
拳击手毫无意识地躺在地上。
uncompromising [ʌnˈkɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ]
un + com + pro + miss + ing → not + together + forward + send + 形容词字尾
不妥协的，坚持己见的
The villagers have taken an uncompromising stand against building an incinerator nearby.
村民反对在附近建焚化炉，采取毫不妥协的立场。
unforeseen [ˌʌnfɔːˈsiːn]
un + fore + seen → not + before + seen
未能预见的，出乎意料的
The project started out smoothly, but soon there were unforeseen complications.
计划一开始很顺利，不久却衍生出始料未及的复杂困难。
uninhabited [ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd]
un + in + hab + ited → not + in + have + 形容词字尾
无人居住的
Robinson Crusoe was marooned on an uninhabited island.
鲁滨逊被遗弃在一座无人岛上。
untenable [ʌnˈtenəbl]
un + ten + able → not + hold + able
（理由）站不住脚的；岌岌可危的
Spending beyond one’s means is an untenable situation.
入不敷出是个岌岌可危的情况。
dis-/dif-: not, apart
disinterested [dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd]
dis + interest + ed → not + interest + 形容词字尾
公正的；无利益瓜葛的
Both sides are willing to listen to a disinterested third party.
双方都愿意聆听立场超然的第三者的意见。
diffident [ˈdɪfɪdənt]
dif + fid + ent → not + faith + 形容词字尾
缺乏自信的
My kid sister is a shy, diffident girl.
我小妹是个害羞、缺乏自信的女孩。
diffuse [dɪˈfjuːs] [dɪˈfjuːz]
dif + fuse → apart + pour
散开的；扩散，散播
The lecturer spoke in a wordy, diffuse style.
这位演讲者讲话的风格太冗长、散漫。
The internet is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge.
网络是散播知识的有力工具。
disability [ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti]
dis + abil + ity → not + able + 名词字尾
残疾，残障
The man suffers from a visual disability.
此人罹患视觉障碍。
disclose [dɪsˈkləʊz]
dis + close → not + close
透露，揭晓
The winner will be disclosed in a minute.
获胜者是谁，即将揭晓。
dissect [daɪˈsekt]
dis + sect → apart + cut
解剖；剖析
The students learn to dissect a frog in biology class.
学生上生物课的时候学习解剖青蛙。
distant [ˈdɪstənt]
dis + sta + ant → apart + stand + 形容词字尾
遥远的
Distant mountains often appear pale blue.
远山看起来往往是淡蓝色。
anti-: against
antitrust [ˌæntiˈtrʌst]
anti + trust → against + trust
反托拉斯的，反垄断的
US antitrust laws are akin to fair-trade laws in Taiwan.
美国的反托拉斯法，类似台湾的公平交易法。
antibiotic [ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk]
anti + bio + (t)ic → against + life + 名词字尾
抗生素
The discovery of antibiotics is a milestone in medical history.
抗生素的发现，是医学史上一大里程碑。
antidote [ˈæntidəʊt]
anti + dote → against + give
解药，解毒剂
Gandhi’s nonviolence is a potent antidote to the prevalent violence in modern society.
甘地的非暴力，对现代社会盛行的暴力是一剂强烈解药。
antipathetic [ˌæntɪpəˈθetɪk]
anti + path + etic → against + feel + 形容词字尾
反感的
The natives have a strong antipathy against all outsiders.
本地人对所有外来者都有强烈的反感。
antonym [ˈæntənɪm]
anti + onym → against + name
反义词
You can look up synonyms and antonyms in the thesaurus.
你可以在同义字典中查到同音字与反义词。
contra-/counter-: against
contradict [ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt]
contra + dict → against + speak
反驳
You should feel free to contradict me if you disagree.
你若是不同意，大可以反驳我。
contraband [ˈkɒntrəbænd]
contra + band → against + ban
违禁的；违禁品
Buying contraband goods may get you into trouble.
买卖违禁品可能会惹上麻烦。
controversial [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl]
contro + vers + (i)al → against + turn + 形容词字尾
引起争论的，有争议的
Abortion is a highly controversial issue in the U.S.
堕胎在美国是个具有高度争议性的议题。
counteract [ˌkaʊntərˈækt]
counter + act → against + act
抵抗；中和；制衡
This pill will counteract your stomach acid.
这颗药可以抑制你的胃酸。
counterfeit [ˈkaʊntəfɪt]
counter + feit → against + make
伪造的；伪造；伪品
I got some counterfeit money in change this morning.
今天早上我收到些伪钞。
It’s a crime to counterfeit a signature.
伪造签名是违法的。
counterpart [ˈkaʊntəpɑːt]
counter + part → against + part
对应的人（或物）
The President and his British counterpart-the Prime Minister-will have a summit soon.
总统和他的英国对手—首相—即将进行高峰会。
encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]
en + counter → make + against
遭遇；遭遇；碰面
You’re going to encounter enormous difficulties if you push for reform.
如果你推动改革，将遭遇到极大的困难。
He met his future wife in an accidental encounter.
他在一次意外的碰面中遇见了未来的妻子。
表示「方位」的字首①
ante-: before
anteroom [ˈæntiruːm]
ante + room → before + room
前厅，接待室
The visitor was told to wait in the anteroom.
访客被告知，要在前厅稍等。
ancestor [ˈænsestə(r)]
ante + cess + tor → before + go + person
祖先
Humans and monkeys are said to have the same ancestors.
人类与猴子据说有相同的祖先。
ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt]
ante + ent → before + 形容词字尾
古代的
Handing out “red envelopes” on New Year’s Eve is an ancient Chinese custom.
除夕发红包是一个古老的中国习俗。
ante [ˈænti]
ante → before
赌注；下赌注
The bank robbers have upped the ante by kidnapping three hostages.
银行抢匪提高了赌注，因为绑架了三名人质。
antebellum [ˌæntiˈbeləm]
ante + bell + um → before + war + 形容词字尾
战前的
Gone with the Wind describes the passing of the antebellum South.
《乱世佳人》描写的是战前美国南方社会的消逝。
anterior [ænˈtɪəriə(r)]
ante + er(i)or → before + 形容词字尾
前面的，前端的
The X-ray shows a tumor in the anterior lobe of the brain.
X光片显示大脑前叶有肿瘤。
anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
ante + cip + ate → before + take + 动词字尾
预期，预制
Many experts anticipate that oil prices will keep rising.
许多专家预期石油价格将持续上涨。
antiquated [ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd]
ante + quat + ed → before + 形容词字尾
过时的
These villagers are still using antiquated methods of farming.
这些村民仍在使用过时的农耕方式。
antique [ænˈtiːk]
ante + ique → before + 形容词字尾
古董；古老的
I bought this old desk from an antique shop.
这张旧桌子我是在古董店买的。
I love antique furniture, though it is very expensive.
我喜欢古董家具，虽然很贵。
pre-: before
preschool [ˈpriːskuːl]
pre + school → before + school
学龄前的
This daycare center takes preschool kids only.
这间托儿所只收学龄前儿童。
precede [prɪˈsiːd]
pre + cede → before + go
领先，先于
Thanksgiving precedes Christmas.
感恩节在圣诞节之前。
precocious [prɪˈkəʊʃəs]
pre + coc + (i)ous → before + cook + 形容词字尾
早熟的
The precocious child already has a girlfriend.
这个早熟的小孩已经交到女朋友了。
predict [prɪˈdɪkt]
pre + dict → before + speak
预言，预测
The astrologer predicts that an important political figure will be assassinated this year.
这位占星师预言今年有重要政治人物将遇刺。
prefabricated [ˌpriːˈfæbrɪkeɪtɪd]
pre + fabric + ated → before + fiber + 形容词字尾
（组合屋）预制组件的
If you are really in a hurry, you can buy a prefabricated house.
你要是很急，可以买预制组件的组合屋。
premature [ˈpremətʃə(r)]
pre + mater + ure → before + mother + 形容词字尾
过早的；早产的
Such a step would be premature at this stage.
在这个阶段，采取这一步太早。
premise [ˈpremɪs]
pre + mise → before + send
前提，假设
There is a fallacy in the basic premises of the argument.
这个论证，在基本前提中有个谬误。
premonition [ˌpriːməˈnɪʃn]
pre + monit + ion → before + warn + 名词字尾
预感；预兆
I had a premonition that an accident might happen, so I chose to stay home.
我早有预感可能出事，所以选择留在家中。
prescient [ˈpresiənt]
pre + sci + ent → before + know + 形容词字尾
预知的，有预知能力的
The expert gave prescient warning several days before the flood.
专家在洪水发生的前几天，就先知般地提出了警告。
presentiment [prɪˈzentɪmənt]
pre + sent + (i)ment → before + feel + 名词字尾
预感
Before the accident, I had had a presentiment of what might happen.
意外发生前，我有预感会出事。
preserve [prɪˈzɜːv]
pre + serve → before + keep
保存；果酱；腌渍
We must preserve the environment for posterity.
我们得保存环境，留给后代。
unprecedented [ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]
un + pre + ced + ented → not + before + go + 形容词字尾
史无前例的
The internet pools human resources in unprecedented ways.
网络以前所未有的方式汇集人力资源。
pro-: before, forward, for
process [ˈprəʊses]
pro + cess → forward + go
过程，程序；加工，处理
The application process takes about three months.
申请作业程序大约要三个月。
pro-life [prəʊ laɪf]
pro + life → for + life
反堕胎的
There’s a pro-life demonstration on the square.
广场上正在进行反堕胎示威。
progenitor [prəʊˈdʒenɪtə(r)]
pro + gen + itor → before + born + person
祖先；先驱，创始人
Humans and monkeys share the same progenitor.
人类与猴子有共同的祖先。
prologue [ˈprəʊlɒɡ]
pro + logue → before + word
序，前言
I often skip over the prologue while reading stories.
我看小说的时候经常跳过序言不看。
prolong [prəˈlɒŋ]
pro + long → forward + long
延长
Modern medicine has managed to prolong human life substantially.
现代医学成功地大幅延长人类寿命。
ad-: to, toward
admiration [ˌædməˈreɪʃn]
ad + mir + ation → toward + wonder + 名词字尾
景仰，钦佩
The girl gazed at the superstar in admiration.
女孩望着大明星，一脸钦佩的神情。
abbreviate [əˈbriːvieɪt]
ad + brev(i) + ate → to + short + 动词字尾
缩短，简写
“Vice President” is often abbreviated to “VP.”
“副总统”经常简写为VP。
accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt]
ad + eel + erate → to + speed + 动词字尾
加速，加快
This sports car accelerates very fast.
这辆跑车加速很快。
acquiesce [ˌækwiˈes]
ad + qui + esce → to + quiet + 动词字尾
默认；默许
The man acquiesced to the unreasonable demand.
此人默许了不合理的要求。
admonish [ədˈmɒnɪʃ]
ad + mon + ish → to + warn + 动词字尾
警告；提醒
The teacher admonished all the students not to cheat.
老师警告所有学生不得作弊。
affect [əˈfekt]
ad + fect → to + do
影响
Smoking negatively affects your health.
抽烟对健康有不好的影响。
affirm [əˈfɜːm]
ad + firm → to + firm
断言，肯定
We cannot affirm that this painting is genuine.
我们不能明确表示这幅画是真迹。
aggravate [ˈæɡrəveɪt]
ad + grav + ate → to + heavy + 动词字尾
加重，恶化
Haste will only aggravate the situation.
如果太急躁，只会让局势恶化。
alleviate [əˈliːvieɪt]
ad + lev + iate → to + light + 动词字尾
缓和，减轻
This pill will alleviate your headache.
这颗药可以缓解你的头疼。
appraise [əˈpreɪz]
ad + praise → to + price
评价；估价
The government is trying to appraise the damage caused by the hurricane.
政府正设法评估飓风所造成的损害。
appreciate [əˈpriːʃieɪt]
ad + preci + ate → to + price + 动词字尾
升值；感激；欣赏
The Euro has appreciated a lot against the dollar.
欧元对美元大幅升值。
I really appreciate your help.
我真的很感激你的帮助。
ascertain [ˌæsəˈteɪn]
ad + certain → to + sure
确定，查明
The information can be ascertained on the Web.
这个信息可以上网查明。
ob- (oc-, of-, op-): toward, against
obligatory [əˈblɪɡətri]
ob + lig + atory → toward + bind + 形容词字尾
义务性的；必须的
I did 13 months of obligatory military service.
我服了13个月的义务兵役。
objection [əbˈdʒekʃn]
ob + ject + ion → against + throw + 名词字尾
反对
Are there any objections to the proposal?
对这个提案有人反对吗？
objective [əbˈdʒektɪv]
ob + ject + ive → against + throw + 形容词字尾
目标；客观的
In his Statement of Purpose the student listed his goal and short-term objectives.
学生在“读书计划”中列出他的长短程目标。
oblong [ˈɒblɒŋ]
ob + long → toward + long
长方形的；椭圆形的
An American football is oblong in shape.
美式足球的形状是椭圆形。
obsolete [ˈɒbsəliːt]
ob + solete → against + used
淘汰的，过时的
Cassette recorders are obsolete.
卡式录音机已被淘汰了。
obstacle [ˈɒbstəkl]
ob + sta + cle → against + stand + 名词字尾
阻碍，障碍
We encountered many obstacles on the way but overcame every one of them.
一路上我们遭遇许多阻碍，但都一一克服了。
obstinate [ˈɒbstɪnət]
ob + stin + ate → against + stand + 形容词字尾
固执的，顽固的
It will be very hard to persuade him for he is an obstinate man.
要说服他很难，因为他很固执。
Occident [ˈɒksɪdənt]
oc + cid + ent → toward + fall + 名词字尾
西方
Some say East and West will never meet, meaning the Orient and the Occident will always remain incompatible.
有人说“东与西永不相逢”，意思是东方与西方永远不合。
offend [əˈfend]
of + fend → against + strike
冒犯，得罪
The woman felt offended when she failed to receive an invitation to the big party.
这位女士觉得不悦，因为没有收到大型宴会的邀请函。
opaque [əʊˈpeɪk]
op + aque → against + 形容词字尾
不透明的；难理解的
The university culture is opaque to entering students.
大学的文化，新生难以理解。
oppress [əˈpres]
op + press → against + press
压迫
The tyrant oppressed his people brutally.
这位暴君以残酷手段压迫他的子民。
re-: back, again, against
regenerate [rɪˈdʒenəreɪt]
re + gen + erate → again + born + 动词字尾
再生
A lizard can regenerate a tail easily.
蜥蜴要再生一条尾巴很容易。
recuperation [rɪˌkuːpəˈreɪʃn]
re + cuper + ation → again + cover + 名词字尾
康复，复原
After the surgery, the man went to the countryside for recuperation.
手术过后，此人到乡下复原。
redress [rɪˈdres]
re + dress → again + dress
纠正，矫正，赔偿
It is time to redress the injustices of the past.
过去的不公，现在该纠正了。
rehabilitation [ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn]
re + (h)abil + itation → again + able + 名词字尾
复健
The drug addict was sent to the rehabilitation center.
这位有毒瘾的人被送去勒戒中心了。
reimburse [ˌriːɪmˈbɜːs]
re + in + burse → back + in + purse
偿还，报销
The company will reimburse your travel expenses on your return.
出差回来以后，公司会报销你的旅费。
reincarnation [ˌriːɪnkɑːˈneɪʃn]
re + in + carn + ation → again + in + flesh + 名词字尾
转世，轮回
Tibetan Buddhists believe in the reincarnation of the soul.
藏传佛教相信灵魂轮回转世。
resistance [rɪˈzɪstəns]
re + sist + ance → against + stand + 名词字尾
阻力；反抗
Copper is a good conductor because its resistance is small.
铜是良导体，因为它的阻力小。
retaliation [rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃn]
re + tali + ation → back + same + 名词字尾
报复
The bombing was in retaliation for an air strike.
此次炸弹攻击是为了报复空袭。
retrospect [ˈretrəspekt]
retro + spect → back + look
回顾
In retrospect, maybe we shouldn’t have invested so much into the project.
事后回想起来，或许我们不该在这个项目投资这么多。
reveal [rɪˈviːl]
re + veal → back + veil
透露；揭示
The police didn’t reveal the man’s identity.
警方没有透露此人的身份。
ana-: up, again
analysis [əˈnæləsɪs]
ana + lys + is → again + loosen + 名词字尾
分析
Chemical analysis shows that the water is contaminated with lead.
化学分析显示水遭到铅污染。
anachronism [əˈnækrənɪzəm]
ana + chron + ism → again + time + 名词字尾
时代错误；不合时宜
The movie is set in the 16th century, so it’s an anachronism to hear the characters discussing gravity.
电影背景是16世纪，所以听到片中人物讨论重力是搞混时代了。
anagram [ˈænəɡræm]
ana + gram → again + write
重组字
“Elvis lives!” is an anagram.
“Elvis lives”是重组字。
post-: after
postmodern [ˌpəʊstˈmɒdn]
post + mod + ern → after + measure + 形容词字尾
后现代的
Postmodern architecture is not completely utilitarian.
后现代建筑不完全是讲究实用。
posterity [pɒˈsterəti]
post + erity → after + 名词字尾
后世，后代
We must leave to posterity to judge our success or failure.
我们的是非成败，得留给后人去评断。
postgraduate [ˌpəʊstˈɡrædjuət]
post + grad(u) + ate → after + step + 形容词字尾
大学毕业后的；研究生
I’m going to graduate school for postgraduate studies.
我大学毕业后要念研究所。
postpone [pəˈspəʊn]
post + pone → after + place
延后，延期
The meeting had to be postponed for the typhoon.
会议因为台风只得延期。
preposterous [prɪˈpɒstərəs]
pre + post + erous → before + after + 形容词字尾
荒谬的，可笑的
In his essay “A Modest Proposal,” Jonathan Swift made the preposterous suggestion that excess children be used for food.
在他的文章《一个小小的建议》中，强纳森·斯威夫特提出荒谬的建议，主张多余的小孩可以拿来当作食物。
epi-: upon, on
epidemic [ˌepɪˈdemɪk]
epi + dem + ic → upon + people + 形容词字尾
疫情；（传染病）流行的；泛滥的
There is an epidemic of dengue fever going on in the South.
南部登革热疫情蔓延。
epigram [ˈepɪɡræm]
epi + gram → upon + write
警句，格言
“A stitch in time saves nine” is an epigram that you should remember.
“及时一针省得将来缝九针”这句格言你应该记住。
epilogue [ˈepɪlɒɡ]
epi + logue → upon + speak
结尾，后记
In the epilogue the author describes how the main characters were doing 20 years later.
在书末的后记，作者描述了主要主角20年后的情况。
epitaph [ˈepɪtɑːf]
epi + taph → upon + tombstone
墓志铭，碑文
John Keats’ epitaph reads,“Here lies One Whose name was writ in Water.”
约翰·济慈的墓志铭：“长眠于此者，声名随波而逝。”
ambi-/amphi-: both, around
ambiguous [æmˈbɪɡjuəs]
ambi + ig + (u)ous → both + act + 形容词字尾
模棱两可的
All ambiguous sentences should be corrected or deleted from your composition.
作文里所有模棱两可的句子都要改正或删除。
ambience [ˈæmbiəns]
ambi + ence → around + 名词字尾
气氛，周围环境
I like the ambience of this coffee shop.
我喜欢这家咖啡店的气氛。
ambivalent [æmˈbɪvələnt]
ambi + val + ent → both + strong + 形容词字尾
感情矛盾的
The girl had ambivalent feelings about her boyfriend and couldn’t decide whether to leave him.
女孩对男朋友又爱又恨，拿不定主意该不该离开他。
amphibian [æmˈfɪbiən]
amphi + bi + an → both + life + 名词字尾
两栖动物；水陆两用的
Frogs are amphibians.
青蛙是两栖动物。
amphitheater [ˈæmfɪθɪətə(r)]
amphi + theater → around + theater
圆形剧场
The playwright staged her new play in an amphitheater.
剧作家在圆形剧场推出她的新剧。
peri-: around
periphery [pəˈrɪfəri]
peri + fer + y → around + carry + 名词字尾
外围，周边
The ring road runs around the periphery of the city center.
外环道路环绕市中心周围一圈。
periodical [ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪkl]
peri + od + ical → around + way + 形容词字尾
期刊；周期性的
The paper was published in a leading periodical in the field.
这篇论文刊登在业界顶尖的期刊上。
periscope [ˈperɪskəʊp]
peri + scope → around + look
潜望镜
Modern submarines still rely on periscopes, although to a lesser extent.
现代潜艇仍然依赖潜望镜，不过依赖的程度不比从前。
para-: beside
parallel [ˈpærəlel]
para + allel → beside + other + 形容词字尾
平行；相似处；平行的
I’m trying to see if there’s any parallel between the two cases.
我正在研究这两个案子之间有无相似之处。
Two parallel lines never meet.
两条平行线永不相交。
paralyze [ˈpærəlaɪz]
para + lyze → beside + loosen
瘫痪，使动弹不得
A sudden snowstorm paralyzed the city.
突来的大雪瘫痪了城市。
paramedic [ˌpærəˈmedɪk]
para + medic → beside + medicine
医护辅助人员
Two paramedics came with the ambulance.
两名医护辅助人员随救护车前来。
parasite [ˈpærəsaɪt]
para + site → beside + sit
寄生虫
Financial speculators are parasites on the national economy.
金融投机客是国家经济的寄生虫。
parasol [ˈpærəsɒl]
para + sol → beside + sun
遮阳伞
The lady in red is carrying a pink parasol.
穿红衣的女士撑着一把粉红色遮阳伞。
Reading：Desertification 沙漠化
Desertification is the untenable condition in which insatiable sands swallow up productive land. It is a prolonged process, one that is not really irreversible, although situations may be aggravated much faster than they’re alleviated.
Sandstorms blowing across the Strait to Taiwan are a premonition that even people on this beautiful island are not impervious to the ill effects of desertification. Down Southern Taiwan, in Gangshan, the Moon World may seem like an amphitheater of natural wonders, worthy of admiration, but in reality it is an expanse of badlands going through the process of desertification, the whole area is uninhabited and uninhabitable, and the land has no chance of recuperation.
The Global Environment Facility is a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization under the United Nations and the World Bank. It says that some two billion people around the world encounter the desert or desertification in their ambience. Many have had to relocate, including the most obstinate, for resistance in this case is truly futile.
Desertification is not a controversial issue, and there’s nothing ambiguous about it. Everyone, from preschool kids to postgraduate students, should be made aware of the dangers of desertification. Let us not lament the loss of our beautiful homes in retrospect; let us be prescient and heed our presentiments. Let us conjoin our forces in unprecedented ways to preserve the environment and put an end to desertification.
Sandstorms blowing across the Strait to Taiwan are a premonition that even people on this beautiful island are not impervious to the ill effects of desertification. Down Southern Taiwan, in Gangshan, the Moon World may seem like an amphitheater of natural wonders, worthy of admiration, but in reality it is an expanse of badlands going through the process of desertification, the whole area is uninhabited and uninhabitable, and the land has no chance of recuperation.
The Global Environment Facility is a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization under the United Nations and the World Bank. It says that some two billion people around the world encounter the desert or desertification in their ambience. Many have had to relocate, including the most obstinate, for resistance in this case is truly futile.
Desertification is not a controversial issue, and there’s nothing ambiguous about it. Everyone, from preschool kids to postgraduate students, should be made aware of the dangers of desertification. Let us not lament the loss of our beautiful homes in retrospect; let us be prescient and heed our presentiments. Let us conjoin our forces in unprecedented ways to preserve the environment and put an end to desertification.
沙漠化是一种岌岌可危的情况，贪婪的黄沙吞噬了肥沃的土地。这是一个漫长的过程，并非完全不可逆转，不过情况恶化的速度远比缓解要快。
吹越海峡来到台湾的沙尘暴是一个预兆：即使这座美丽岛屿上的人们，也无法免受沙漠化的不良影响。在台湾南部冈山，月世界看起来像是一座天然奇观的圆形剧场，令人赞叹，但实际上它是一大片正经历沙漠化的恶地，整片区域无人居住、也不适宜居住，土地毫无复原的机会。
全球环境基金是隶属于联合国与世界银行的非营利、非政府组织。它表示全球约有20亿人在生活环境中遭遇沙漠或沙漠化问题。许多人被迫迁移，包括最固执的人，因为在这种情况下抵抗确实徒劳无功。
沙漠化并非有争议的议题，也没有任何模糊之处。每个人，从学龄前儿童到研究生，都应该了解沙漠化的危险。我们不要等到事后才惋惜失去美丽家园；我们要有先见之明，留意自己的预感。让我们以前所未有的方式团结力量，保护环境，终结沙漠化。
吹越海峡来到台湾的沙尘暴是一个预兆：即使这座美丽岛屿上的人们，也无法免受沙漠化的不良影响。在台湾南部冈山，月世界看起来像是一座天然奇观的圆形剧场，令人赞叹，但实际上它是一大片正经历沙漠化的恶地，整片区域无人居住、也不适宜居住，土地毫无复原的机会。
全球环境基金是隶属于联合国与世界银行的非营利、非政府组织。它表示全球约有20亿人在生活环境中遭遇沙漠或沙漠化问题。许多人被迫迁移，包括最固执的人，因为在这种情况下抵抗确实徒劳无功。
沙漠化并非有争议的议题，也没有任何模糊之处。每个人，从学龄前儿童到研究生，都应该了解沙漠化的危险。我们不要等到事后才惋惜失去美丽家园；我们要有先见之明，留意自己的预感。让我们以前所未有的方式团结力量，保护环境，终结沙漠化。
表示「方位」的字首②
sur- (super-): over, above
survive [səˈvaɪv]
sur + vive → over + live
生存，存活
We teach students how to survive in the society.
我们教学生如何在社会中求生存。
The man survived the war and lived to be 90 years old.
此人在战争中活下来，活到了90岁。
superb [suːˈpɜːb]
super → over
卓越的
The performance last night was superb.
昨晚的表演太棒了。
superficial [ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl]
super + fic + (i)al → over + face + 形容词字尾
表面的，肤浅的
There are only superficial similarities between these very different species.
这些物种大不相同，相似处只在表面。
supervise [ˈsuːpəvaɪz]
super + vise → over + see
监督
The team leader supervises five people at work.
团队组长监督五人工作。
supremacy [suːˈpreməsi]
super + em + acy → over + 名词字尾
霸权；霸主地位
The U.S. has enjoyed nuclear supremacy ever since the collapse of the USSR.
苏联解体以后，美国就享有核武霸权。
surplus [ˈsɜːpləs]
sur + plus → over + more
盈余；过剩的
Japan enjoys huge amounts of trade surplus.
日本有巨额的贸易盈余。
survey [ˈsɜːveɪ] [səˈveɪ]
sur + vey → over + see
概论，调查；测量
This is a survey course on biology.
这堂是生物学概论课。
sub- (sup-): under
submarine [ˌsʌbməˈriːn]
sub + mar + ine → under + sea + 形容词字尾
水面下的；潜水艇
The biologist is an expert on submarine plants.
这位生物学家是水下植物专家。
subcompact [ˌsʌbˈkɒmpækt]
sub + com + pact → under + together + pack
小型车
A subcompact is easy to park.
小型车很好停车。
sublime [səˈblaɪm]
sub + lime → under + limit
极佳的，卓越的
The visitor is awed by the sublime beauty of the Grand Canyon.
访客面对壮丽的大峡谷，顿感油然而生敬畏。
subterranean [ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən]
sub + terra + (n)ean → under + earth + 形容词字尾
地下的
There are many subterranean caves in this area.
这一区有许多地下洞穴。
successor [səkˈsesə(r)]
suc + cess + or → after + go + person
继承者，接班人
Octavius was Caesar’s successor.
屋大维是凯撒的继承者。
supple [ˈsʌpl]
sup + ple → under + bend
有弹性的，柔软的
The gymnast’s limbs are very supple.
这位体操选手的肢体柔软度很好。
ex-/e-: out, intensifier
exclaim [ɪkˈskleɪm]
ex + claim → out + shout
惊呼，大叫
“I won the lottery!” exclaimed the excited winner.
“我中彩票了！”中奖者兴奋地大叫。
efficacious [ˌefɪˈkeɪʃəs]
ex + fic + acious → out + do + 形容词字尾
有效的
Taking a cookie break while studying is one of the most efficacious ways of rejuvenating the mind that I have ever discovered.
读书到一半吃点心休息一下，我发现这是振奋精神最有效的方法之一。
enumerate [ɪˈnjuːməreɪt]
e + numer + ate → out + number + 动词字尾
列举，枚举
The newspaper article enumerates the many good deeds that the man has done.
报上的文章列举此人做过的许多好事。
evolution [ˌiːvəˈluːʃn]
e + volu + tion → out + roll + 名词字尾
演化，进化
Darwin’s theory of evolution has been called the greatest intellectual achievement of the 19th century.
达尔文的演化论被称为19世纪最伟大的知识成就。
exotic [ɪɡˈzɒtɪk]
ex + otic → out + 形容词字尾
外来的，异国风情的；珍奇的
The zoo has recently acquired many exotic tropical birds.
这座动物园最近引进许多热带珍稀鸟类。
expatriate [ˌeksˈpeɪtriət] [ˌeksˈpeɪtreɪt]
ex + pater + (i)ate → out + fatherland + 动词字尾
流放；移居国外者；移居国外的
The criminal was expatriated and not allowed to return.
这名罪犯被驱逐出境，不准再入境。
expire [ɪkˈspaɪə(r)]
ex + spire → out + breathe
死亡；到期；失效
The patient expired at 3 a.m.,” said the doctor.
“病人凌晨三点过世。”医生说。
ab- (abs-): away, from
abnormal [æbˈnɔːml]
ab + norm + al → away + standard + 形容词字尾
不正常的
Animals in captivity sometimes demonstrate abnormal behavior.
被圈养的动物有时会有异常的行为。
abhor [əbˈhɔː(r)]
ab + hor → away + horror
憎恶，痛恨
Civilized people abhor war and violence.
文明人都憎恶战争与暴力。
aboriginal [ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl]
ab + origin + al → from + rise + 形容词字尾
原住民的
There’s an aboriginal village high in the mountains.
高山上有个原住民村落。
absentminded [ˈæbsəntmaɪndɪd]
abs + ent + mind + ed → away + 形容词字尾 + mind + 形容词字尾
心不在焉的
The absentminded professor can never remember where he left his glasses.
这位心不在焉的教授，永远忘记眼镜放在哪里。
abstain [əbˈsteɪn]
abs + tain → away + hold
戒除；避开
Amazingly, the alcoholic abstained from drinking for a whole week.
一个酒鬼竟然整周都没喝酒，真令人惊讶。
abstract [ˈæbstrækt]
abs + tract → away + pull
摘要；抽象的
You must add an abstract to your paper before handing it in.
论文要交之前得加上摘要。
se-: apart
segregation [ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn]
se + greg + ation → apart + group + 名词字尾
隔离
Modern nations no longer practice racial segregation.
现代国家不再实行种族隔离政策。
secede [sɪˈsiːd]
se + cede → apart + go
脱离
The South seceded from the Union in 1860.
1860年美国南方脱离联邦宣布独立。
secluded [sɪˈkluːdɪd]
se + clud + ed → apart + close + 形容词字尾
僻静的；与世隔绝的
The hermit lives alone by a secluded lake.
这位隐士在僻静的湖边独居。
seduce [sɪˈdjuːs]
se + duce → apart + lead
引诱，诱惑
I joined the tour because I was seduced by the price.
我因为受到价格的诱惑，参加了这套行程。
tele-: far
telecommunications [ˌtelikəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃnz]
tele + commun + ications → far + common + 名词字尾
电信
Chunghwa Telecom is a telecommunications provider.
中华电信是电信服务商。
telecommute [ˈtelikəmjuːt]
tele + com + mute → far + together + move
远距办公
The magazine editor telecommutes via email.
这位杂志编辑利用电子邮件进行远距办公。
teleconferencing [ˈtelikɒnfərənsɪŋ]
tele + con + fer + encing → far + together + carry + 名词字尾
电信会议
The company has branches all over the world and relies on teleconferencing to keep in sync.
这家公司在全世界都有分公司，靠电信会议保持同步。
telemarketing [ˈtelimɑːkɪtɪŋ]
tele + market + ing → far + market + 名词字尾
电话行销
Most people find telemarketing annoying.
大部分的人都觉得电话行销很烦人。
telepathy [təˈlepəθi]
tele + path + y → far + feel + 名词字尾
超感应，第六感
The magician claimed to be capable of telepathy, and then started reading the audience’s minds.
魔术师自称具有超感应，然后就开始读观众的心思。
telepathy [təˈlepəθi]
tele + path + y → far + feel + 名词字尾
超感应，第六感
The magician claimed to be capable of telepathy, and then started reading the audience’s minds.
魔术师自称具有超感应，然后就开始读观众的心思。
trans-: across
translation [trænsˈleɪʃn]
trans + lat + ion → across + carry + 名词字尾
翻译
Web translations are increasingly reliable.
网络翻译愈来愈可靠了。
intransigent [ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒənt]
in + trans + ig + ent → not + across + act + 形容词字尾
不妥协的
The talk broke down because both sides remained intransigent.
谈判破裂，因为双方都不愿改变立场。
transcend [trænˈsend]
trans + scend → across + climb
超越；克服
A smile transcends all language barriers.
微笑可以克服任何语言障碍。
transcript [ˈtrænskrɪpt]
trans + script → across + write
抄本，副本；成绩单
The Admissions Office needs 10 copies of your academic transcripts.
入学许可处需要你十份大学成绩单。
transfusion [trænsˈfjuːʒn]
trans + fus + ion → across + pour + 名词字尾
输送；输血
The victim requires immediate blood transfusion.
受害者需要立刻输血。
transit [ˈtrænzɪt]
trans + it → across + go
运输，运送
The package is in transit and should arrive in a couple of days.
包裹正在运送中，应该过几天就到。
translucent [trænsˈluːsnt]
trans + luc + ent → across + light + 形容词字尾
透光的，半透明的
The china is so fine and delicate that it’s translucent.
这件瓷器非常细致，甚至可以透光。
transplant [ˈtrænsplɑːnt] [trænsˈplɑːnt]
trans + plant → across + plant
移植
Nothing short of a heart transplant can save the patient.
除了心脏移植手术，没有别的方法可以救这位病人了。
trespassing [ˈtrespəsɪŋ]
trans + pass + ing → across + pass + 名词字尾
擅入，强行穿越
The sign says “Private property. No trespassing.”
告示上写着：“私产，禁止擅入。”
dia-: through, across
dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt]
dia + lect → across + speak
方言
There are literally hundreds of different dialects in use in China.
中国真的有上百种使用中的方言。
diagonal [daɪˈæɡənl]
dia + agon + al → across + angle + 形容词字尾
斜的，对角线的
The blanket is covered with diagonal stripes.
毯子上的图案是满满的斜条纹。
diametrically [ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪkli]
dia + meter + ically → across + measure + 副词字尾
完全相反地
The two candidates hold diametrically opposed views on how to revive the economy.
两名候选人对如何振兴经济，看法完全相反。
diaphanous [daɪˈæfənəs]
dia + phan + ous → across + show + 形容词字尾
薄而透明的
The bride wore a diaphanous veil.
新娘戴着透明的薄面纱。
inter-: between
interaction [ˌɪntəˈrækʃn]
inter + act + ion → between + act + 名词字尾
互动
There’s not enough interaction between management and the workers.
管理层和员工之间没有足够的互动。
cata-: down
catalogue [ˈkætəlɒɡ]
cata + logue → down + word
目录
All our current products are listed in this catalogue.
我们现有的产品都列在这本目录上。
cataclysm [ˈkætəklɪzəm]
cata + clysm → down + wash
大洪水；灾难；大变动
Some believe that the end of a century is always accompanied by floods, earthquakes, and other cataclysms.
有些人认为世纪末必定伴随着洪水、地震等灾难。
cataract [ˈkætərækt]
cata + ract → down + strike
大瀑布；白内障
A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that can make it hard for you to see.
白内障是眼珠水晶体起雾，会让眼睛看不清楚。
catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi]
cata + strophe → down + turn
大灾难
The oil spill was an environmental catastrophe.
这起石油外泄是环境大灾难。
de-: not, down, away, intensifier
decompose [ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz]
de + com + pose → not + together + place
分解；腐败
After an animal dies, its body starts to decompose.
动物死后，身体开始分解。
dehydrated [ˌdiːˈhaɪdreɪtɪd]
de + hydra + ated → not + water + 形容词字尾
脱水的，干燥的
Dehydrated food was originally developed by NASA for astronauts.
脱水食物原本是美国航太署为太空人所开发的。
demented [dɪˈmentɪd]
de + ment + ed → not + mind + 形容词字尾
精神错乱的，疯狂的
His wife was demented with worry when she couldn’t reach him for the third day.
第三天还是找不到丈夫，妻子快急疯了。
denounce [dɪˈnaʊns]
de + nounce → not + report
谴责，抨击
The UN unanimously denounced the act of invasion.
联合国一致谴责侵略行动。
depict [dɪˈpɪkt]
de + pict → down + paint
描绘
The biography depicts Picasso as a selfish man.
这本传记把毕加索描绘成一名自私男子。
deport [dɪˈpɔːt]
de + port → away + carry
驱逐，逐出境外
The illegal immigrant was deported back to her own country.
这名非法移民被遣送回国。
depreciate [dɪˈpriːʃieɪt]
de + preci + ate → down + value + 动词字尾
贬值
The dollar has depreciated a lot against the Euro.
美元对欧元大幅贬值。
deter [dɪˈtɜː]
de + ter → away + terror
吓阻
Capital punishment does not seem to deter crime.
死刑似乎不能吓阻犯罪。
con- (com-, col-, cor-, co-): together, intensifier
congregation [ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn]
con + greg + ation → together + group + 名词字尾
集合；群众，会众
The church has a congregation of 500 members.
这间教会有500名会众。
coauthor [kəʊˈɔːθə]
co + author → together + author
共同作者
Will Durant and his wife are coauthors of The Story of Civilization.
威尔·杜兰与他的妻子是《世界文明史》的共同作者。
coeducational [ˌkəʊˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl]
co + e + duc + ational → together + out + lead + 形容词字尾
男女合校的，男女兼收的
The college went coeducational in 1960.
这所学院1960年改为男女合校。
cohabit [kəʊˈhæbɪt]
co + hab + it → together + have + 动词字尾
同居
He’s cohabiting with his girlfriend.
他和女友同居。
collaborate [kəˈlæbəreɪt]
col + labor + ate → together + work + 动词字尾
合作；勾结
The musician collaborated with a playwright to create an opera.
音乐家和剧作家合作，写出一部歌剧。
compatriot [kəmˈpeɪtriət]
com + patri + (i)ot → together + fatherland + 名词字尾
同胞
My compatriots, unite!
同胞们，团结起来！
conscience [ˈkɒnʃəns]
con + sci + ence → intensifier + know + 名词字尾
良心，良知
The criminal turned himself in because he’s suffering from a guilty conscience.
罪犯自首投案，因为觉得良心有愧。
conservation [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn]
con + serv + ation → together + keep + 名词字尾
保存；保育；节约
You cannot hunt or fish in a conservation area.
保育区禁止渔猎。
conspiracy [kənˈspɪrəsi]
con + spir + acy → together + breathe + 名词字尾
阴谋，密谋
There’s a conspiracy going on to keep him from being elected.
有一个阴谋正在进行，意图阻止他当选。
coordination [kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn]
co + ordin + ation → together + order + 名词字尾
协调，统筹
The aide is responsible for interdepartmental coordination.
这位助理负责部门间协调工作。
copilot [ˈkəʊpaɪlət]
co + pilot → together + pilot
副驾驶
The captain and the copilot took turns manning the cockpit.
机长与副驾驶轮流操控驾驶舱。
syn-/sym-: same, together
synthetic [sɪnˈθetɪk]
syn + thet + ic → together + put + 形容词字尾
合成的
Nylon was the first synthetic, or artificial, fiber.
尼龙是最早出现的一种合成纤维，又称人造纤维。
photosynthesis [ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs]
photo + syn + thes + is → light + together + put + 名词字尾
光合作用
Without photosynthesis, oxygen in the air would have been depleted long ago.
没有光合作用，空气中的氧气早就被用光了。
symbol [ˈsɪmbl]
sym + ball → together + throw
象征，符号
The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom.
自由女神像是自由的象征。
synchronize [ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz]
syn + chron + ize → same + time + 动词字尾
同步
Let’s synchronize our watches.
我们把表对时一下。
per-: through, intensifier
pervade [pəˈveɪd]
per + vade → through + go
遍及；弥漫，充斥
The smell of burnt food pervades the room.
食物烧焦的味道弥漫整个房间。
imperceptible [ˌɪmpəˈseptəbl]
im + per + cept + ible → not + through + take + able
察觉不出的
The movement of the hour hand is completely imperceptible.
时针的移动完全看不出来。
perennial [pəˈreniəl]
per + enni + al → through + year + 形容词字尾
常年的；永恒的；多年生的
Black is a perennial fashion favorite.
黑色永远是时尚界的最爱。
perish [ˈperɪʃ]
per + ish → through + 动词字尾
灭亡，死亡
The adventurer perished without reaching the South Pole.
探险家遇难死亡，未能抵达南极。
perpetual [pəˈpetʃuəl]
per + pet + (u)al → through + seek + 形容词字尾
永久的，永恒的
The heavenly bodies are in perpetual motion.
天体运转不息。
表示「好坏」的字首
bon- (bene-): good
benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]
bene + fit → good + do
利益；福利；造福，有益于
This job doesn’t pay very well, but there are a lot of benefits.
这个工作的待遇不太好，但是有不少福利。
benediction [ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃn]
bene + dict + ion → good + speak + 名词字尾
祝福，祈福
The priest concluded his sermon with a benediction.
神父以祈福结束讲道。
benefactor [ˈbenɪfæktə]
bene + fact + or → good + do + person
捐助人，恩人
The industrial tycoon is a great benefactor of this orphanage.
这位工业大亨是这家孤儿院的慷慨捐助人。
benevolent [bəˈnevələnt]
bene + vol + ent → good + wish + 形容词字尾
慈善的
The benevolent old man left all his money to charity.
这位慈善的老人把所有钱留给慈善机构。
bonus [ˈbəʊnəs]
bon + us → good + 名词字尾
红利，奖金
Since the company is losing money, there will be no year-end bonus this year.
公司因为亏损，今年不发年终奖金。
bon appetit [ˌbɒn æpeˈtiː]
祝你胃口好
You’re going to a French restaurant? Bon appetit!
你要去法国餐厅？祝你胃口大开！
bon voyage [ˌbɒn vɔɪˈɑːʒ]
一路顺风
Bon voyage and write soon!
一路顺风，快点写信来！
mal-: bad
malicious [məˈlɪʃəs]
mal + ic + ious → bad + 形容词字尾
恶意的，恶毒的
The election is approaching, and there are many malicious rumors around.
选举将近，恶毒的谣言满天飞。
malfunction [ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn]
mal + function → bad + function
故障，失灵
The work was delayed because of a computer malfunction.
因为电脑故障，所以工作延误了。
malnutrition [ˌmælnjuˈtrɪʃn]
mal + nutri + tion → bad + food + 名词字尾
营养不良
Malnutrition is a big problem in many developing countries.
在许多开发中国家，营养不良是一大问题。
malpractice [ˌmælˈpræktɪs]
mal + practice → bad + practice
医疗疏失
Doctors must pay a lot for malpractice insurance.
医生得付高额的医疗疏失保险费。
mis-: bad, wrong
misplace [ˌmɪsˈpleɪs]
mis + place → wrong + place
放错地方；弄丢
I must have misplaced the key.
钥匙一定被我弄丢了。
misanthrope [ˈmɪsənθrəʊp]
mis + anthrope → bad + man
厌恶世人者
He is a former misanthrope who now professes a newly discovered love of mankind.
他以前厌恶世人，现在宣称重新发现了博爱。
misfit [ˈmɪsfɪt]
mis + fit → bad + fit
适应不良者；不合适的东西
I was a bit of a social misfit at college because I didn’t like going out at night.
我大学时有点跟大家格格不入，因为我晚上不爱出门。
mishap [ˈmɪshæp]
mis + hap → bad + happen
意外，不幸
The plane landed without mishap.
飞机成功降落，没有出意外。
misleading [ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋ]
mis + lead + ing → wrong + lead + 形容词字尾
误导的，不实的
It will be misleading to say that he’s the top expert in the field.
若说他是该领域的顶尖专家，这有误导之嫌。
dys-: bad
dystopia [dɪsˈtəʊpiə]
dys + top + ia → bad + place + 名词字尾
反乌托邦
The science fiction story is set in a dystopia.
这本科幻小说的背景设定为反乌托邦。
dysfunctional [dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl]
dys + function + al → bad + do + 形容词字尾
不正常的，功能失常的
He grew up in a dysfunctional family, with a father locked up in jail and an alcoholic mother.
他生长在功能失常的家庭，父亲坐牢、母亲酗酒。
dyslexia [dɪsˈleksiə]
dys + lex + ia → bad + read + 名词字尾
阅读障碍
Children with dyslexia often do poorly at school.
患有阅读障碍的孩童，在学校成绩往往很差。
dyspepsia [dɪsˈpepsiə]
dys + peps + ia → bad + digest + 名词字尾
消化不良
I’m not having lunch today because I’m suffering from dyspepsia.
我消化不良，今天不吃午餐了。
表示「数量」的字首
micro-: tiny
microwave [ˈmaɪkrəweɪv]
micro + wave → tiny + wave
微波
You mustn’t place metals into a microwave oven.
绝对不可以放金属到微波炉里。
microbe [ˈmaɪkrəʊb]
micro + bio → tiny + life
微生物
Microbes, or microorganisms, are essential to life, but they also cause a lot of our diseases.
微生物是维持生命所必需的，但也替人类带来许多疾病。
microcosm [ˈmaɪkrəʊkɒzəm]
micro + cosm → tiny + order
小宇宙，缩影
Our little town is a microcosm of modern society.
我们的小镇是现代社会的缩影。
microeconomics [ˌmaɪkrəʊˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks]
micro + eco + nom + ics → tiny + household + law + 名词字尾
个体经济学
One focus of microeconomics is on the roles of supply and demand in economic behavior.
个体经济学有一个重点在“供需”在经济行为中扮演的角色。
multi-: many
multiple [ˈmʌltɪpl]
multi + ple → many + fold
多重的，多样的
The inventor holds multiple patents.
这位发明家拥有多项专利。
All the questions in the quiz will be in multiple choice.
测验中所有的题目都是选择题。
multilateral [ˌmʌltiˈlætərəl]
multi + later + al → many + side + 形容词字尾
多边的，多方的
The G20 is a multilateral summit.
G20是多边高峰会。
multilingual [ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl]
multi + lingua + al → many + tongue + 形容词字尾
多语的
Singapore is a multilingual nation.
新加坡是一个多语国家。
multiply [ˈmʌltɪplaɪ]
multi + ply → many + fold
繁殖；增加；乘
‘Be fruitful and multiply.’
“要生养众多、繁衍子孙。”
Multiply the cost by 5 %, and that’s the tax you have to pay.
售价乘5%就是你得付的税。
multitude [ˈmʌltɪtjuːd]
multi + (t)ude → many + 名词字尾
众多；大众，多数人
The reporters asked a multitude of questions.
记者问了许多问题。
The President must consider the multitude instead of the few.
总统得为大众着想，不能只考虑少数人。
poly-: many
polygamy [pəˈlɪɡəmi]
poly + gam + y → many + marriage + 名词字尾
多配偶制（一夫多妻或一妻多夫）
American Mormons used to practice polygamy.
美国摩门教徒从前实行多配偶制。
polygon [ˈpɒlɪɡən]
poly + agon → many + angle
多边形
Pentagons, hexagons and octagons are all polygons.
五角形、六角形、八角形都属于多边形。
polygraph [ˈpɒlɪɡrɑːf]
poly + graph → many + write
测谎器
I’m willing to take a polygraph to prove my innocence.
我愿意接受测谎以证明我的清白。
polymath [ˈpɒlɪmæθ]
poly + math → many + skill
多才多艺者；博学的人
Leonardo da Vinci was a true polymath.
李奥纳多·达文西是个真正的博学家。
omni-: all
omnipresent [ˌɒmnɪˈpreznt]
omni + present → all + present
无所不在的
The omnipresent noise of the city is driving me crazy.
城市里无所不在的噪音逼得我快疯了。
omnipotence [ɒmˈnɪpətəns]
omni + potence → all + power
无所不能
Omnipotence is an attribute of God.
无所不能，是神的特质。
omniscient [ɒmˈnɪsiənt]
omni + sci + ent → all + know + 形容词字尾
无所不知的
The novel employs the third-person omniscient narrator.
这本小说采用的是第三人称的全知叙事角度。
omnivore [ˈɒmnɪvɔː(r)]
omni + vore → all + swallow
杂食性动物
Tigers are carnivores and sheep are herbivores; monkeys, on the other hand, are omnivores.
老虎是肉食性动物，绵羊是草食性动物，猴子则是杂食性动物。
表示「数字」的字首
semi-/demi-/hemi-: half
semicircle [ˈsemisɜːkl]
semi + circle → half + circle
半圆形
The teacher told the students to form a semicircle before him.
老师叫学生在他面前围成半圆。
demigod [ˈdemɪɡɒd]
demi + god → half + god
半人半神；如神般受人崇拜者
Great athletes are like demigods to fans.
伟大的运动员在崇拜者心目中有如神一般。
hemisphere [ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)]
hemi + sphere → half + sphere
半球
Cyclones move counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere.
气旋在北半球是逆时针方向旋转。
semiannual [ˌsemiˈænjuəl]
semi + annu + al → half + year + 形容词字尾
半年一次的
Welcome to our semiannual conference!
欢迎莅临我们的半年会！
semiconductor [ˌsemikənˈdʌktə(r)]
semi + con + duct + or → half + together + lead + 名词字尾
半导体
Taiwan has a highly advanced semiconductor industry.
台湾的半导体产业相当先进。
semifinal [ˌsemiˈfaɪnl]
semi + fin + al → half + end + 形容词字尾
半决赛的；半决赛
The semifinal game begins at eight tonight.
半决赛今晚八点开打。
mono-: one
monotonous [məˈnɒtənəs]
mono + ton + ous → one + tone + 形容词字尾
单调的
The lecturer spoke in a monotonous voice.
演讲者说话的语调很单调。
monarchy [ˈmɒnəki]
mon + arch + y → one + rule + 名词字尾
帝制，君主制
The British political system is one of constitutional monarchy.
英国的政治体制是君主立宪制。
monogamy [məˈnɒɡəmi]
mono + gam + y → one + marriage + 名词字尾
一夫一妻制
Monogamy is the norm in modern society.
现代社会中，一夫一妻是常态。
monologue [ˈmɒnəlɒɡ]
mono + logue → one + speak
独白
Whenever I visit my grandfather, I have to listen to a monologue on what he did in his youth.
每次我去看祖父的时候，都得听他大谈年轻时的往事。
sol-: one
solo [ˈsəʊləʊ]
sol + o → one + 名词字尾
单人表演；单人表演的；单独的
The dancer performed a solo, accompanied by the piano.
舞蹈家演出一支独舞，由钢琴伴奏。
consolidate [kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt]
con + sol + idate → together + one + 动词字尾
巩固；合并
The new CEO consolidated his power by inserting his people into key positions.
新任执行长巩固他的权力，做法是安插自己的人出任要职。
sole [səʊl]
sole → one
唯一的；单独的
The man was the sole survivor of the plane crash.
此人是空难意外的唯一幸存者。
soliloquy [səˈlɪləkwi]
sol + iloqu + y → one + speak + 名词字尾
独白
Most people are familiar with the famous soliloquy that begins “To be or not to be.”
大多数人对“To be or not to be”开头的那段著名独白都很熟悉。
solitude [ˈsɒlɪtjuːd]
sol + itude → one + 名词字尾
独居，孤独
I often go by myself to the mountains to enjoy the solitude.
我常常一个人上山，去享受独处时光。
uni-: one
uniform [ˈjuːnɪfɔːm]
uni + form → one + form
制服；统一的，一致的
Students at that private school have to wear uniforms.
那家私立学校学生得穿制服。
unanimous [juˈnænɪməs]
uni + anim + ous → one + spirit + 形容词字尾
全体一致的，意见一致的
The bill had unanimous approval in Congress.
法案在国会获得一致支持。
unification [ˌjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]
uni + fic + ation → one + make + 名词字尾
统一
The unification of East and West Germany has been a success so far.
东西德统一，迄今相当成功。
unilateral [ˌjuːnɪˈlætrəl]
uni + later + al → one + side + 形容词字尾
单边的，单方面的
The President declared a unilateral cut in nuclear warheads.
总统宣告将片面裁减核弹头的数量。
union [ˈjuːniən]
uni + on → one + 名词字尾
结合；工会
Marriage should be the union of two people in love.
婚姻应该是两个相爱的人的结合。
unique [juˈniːk]
uni + ique → one + 形容词字尾
独一无二的
Your handwriting is unique and easily recognizable.
你的字迹独一无二，很容易辨认。
bi-: two
bilingual [ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl]
bi + lingua + al → two + tongue + 形容词字尾
双语的
This is a Chinese-English bilingual dictionary.
这是一本中英双语字典。
biennial [baɪˈeniəl]
bi + enni + al → two + year + 形容词字尾
两年一次的；两年生植物
There is a famous biennial art exhibition at Venice.
威尼斯有一个著名的双年展。
bigamy [ˈbɪɡəmi]
bi + gam + y → two + marriage + 名词字尾
重婚
Bigamy is a civil offense in Taiwan.
重婚在台湾是民事罪。
bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl]
bi + later + al → two + side + 形容词字尾
双边的，两方的
This year’s Taiwan-American bilateral trade talks are going on at the International Conference Center.
今年的台美双边贸易谈判正在国际会议中心进行中。
binoculars [bɪˈnɒkjələz]
bi(n) + ocul + ars → two + eye + 名词字尾
双筒望远镜
Binoculars are best for bird-watching whereas telescopes are ideal for observing heavenly bodies.
双筒望远镜最适合用来赏鸟，单筒望远镜则适合观星。
biped [ˈbaɪped]
bi + ped → two + foot
两足动物
Humans are bipeds whereas cows are quadrupeds.
人是两足动物，牛则是四足动物。
du-: two
duet [djuˈet]
du + et → two + 名词字尾
双人演出，二重奏（唱）
The soprano and the alto sang a beautiful duet.
女高音和女低音演出一首悦耳的二重唱。
dual [ˈdjuːəl]
du + al → two + 形容词字尾
双重的
The government official is attacked for holding dual citizenship.
这名政府官员因为持有双重国籍而遭到攻击。
duplicate [ˈdjuːplɪkeɪt] [ˈdjuːplɪkət]
du + plic + ate → two + fold + 动词字尾
复制；复制品；复制型的
A cell duplicates itself when it divides.
细胞分裂时会自我复制。
duplicity [djuːˈplɪsəti]
du + plic + ity → two + fold + 名词字尾
欺骗，口是心非
The agent was accused of duplicity in brokering the deal.
这名经纪人被指在进行交易时有欺骗行为。
tri-: three
trio [ˈtriːəʊ]
tri + o → three + 名词字尾
三人组；三重奏（唱）；三件一组
He plays the saxophone in a jazz trio.
他在爵士三重奏中担任萨克斯风手。
trilateral [ˌtraɪˈlætərəl]
tri + later + al → three + side + 形容词字尾
三边的，三方的
The trilateral talks involve school officials, parents and students.
三方会谈包括校方人员、家长与学生。
trilogy [ˈtrɪlədʒi]
tri + log + y → three + speak + 名词字尾
三部曲
The Lord of the Rings was written as a trilogy.
《魔戒》是以三部曲形式写的。
trimester [traɪˈmestə(r)]
tri + mest + er → three + month + 名词字尾
（怀孕）三个月一期
Abortion can be most safely done in the first trimester.
堕胎在怀孕三个月内进行最安全。
trinity [ˈtrɪnəti]
tri(n) + ity → three + 名词字尾
三位一体
The Holy Trinity includes the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
三位一体包括圣父、圣子、圣灵。
tripod [ˈtraɪpɒd]
tri + pod → three + foot
三脚架；鼎
Professional photographers like to use tripods while shooting.
专业摄影师拍照时爱用三脚架。
quad-/quart-: four
quartet [kwɔːˈtet]
quart + et → four + 名词字尾
四人组；四重奏（唱）；四件一组
A string quartet comprises two violins, a viola and a cello.
弦乐四重奏包括两把小提琴、一把中提琴以及一把大提琴。
headquarters [ˌhedˈkwɔːtəz]
head + quarters → head + four
总部
The company’s headquarters is/are in London.
公司总部在伦敦。
quadrangle [ˈkwɒdræŋɡl]
quadr + angle → four + angle
四边形；四方形庭院
There are tall buildings all around the quadrangle.
方形厦院四周有高楼环绕。
quadrant [ˈkwɒdrənt]
quadr + ant → four + 名词字尾
四分之一等份，象限
The river runs through the northeast quadrant of the city.
河川流经城市的东北部。
quadruped [ˈkwɒdruped]
quadr(u) + ped → four + foot
四足动物
Most mammals are quadrupeds.
大部分的哺乳类都是四足动物。
quarantine [ˈkwɒrəntiːn]
quar + antine → four + 名词字尾
隔离；检疫
The dog had to spend several months in quarantine when it reached the U.S.
这只狗抵达美国时得隔离好几个月。
quart [kwɔːt]
quart → four
夸脱，四分之一加仑
He bought a quart of milk at the convenience store.
他在便利商店买了一夸脱牛奶。
quarter [ˈkwɔːtə(r)]
quarter → four
四分之一；地区
This is the bustling commercial quarter of the city.
这是城里忙碌的商业区。
pent-/quint-: five
pentagon [ˈpentəɡən]
pent + agon → five + angle
五角形；五角大厦
The Defense Department is located in the Pentagon.
国防部位于五角大厦。
pentathlon [penˈtæθlən]
pent + athlon → five + contest
五项全能运动
The modern pentathlon includes swimming, running, horseback-riding, fencing, and shooting.
现代五项全能运动包括游泳、跑步、骑马、击剑以及射击。
quintet [kwɪnˈtet]
quint + et → five + 名词字尾
五人组；五重奏（唱）
The three men and two women sang in a quintet.
三男两女表演五重唱。
quintessential [ˌkwɪntɪˈsenʃl]
quint + esse + ential → five + be + 形容词字尾
最精粹的；最有代表性的
The kimono is the quintessential Japanese costume.
和服是最典型的日本服装。
hexa-/sexa-: six
hexagon [ˈheksəɡən]
hexa + gon → six + angle
六角形
hexapod [ˈheksəpɒd]
hexa + pod → six + foot
六足昆虫
Ants are the most common hexapods.
蚂蚁是最常见的昆虫。
sexagenarian [ˌseksədʒəˈneəriən]
sex + agen + arian → six + born + person
六十至六十九岁的人
My uncle is a sexagenarian but he hasn’t retired yet.
我叔叔六十多岁了，还没有退休。
sept-/hept-: seven
heptathlon [hepˈtæθlən]
hept + athlon → seven + contest
七项全能运动
The women’s heptathlon involves seven competitions.
女子七项全能运动包括七种比赛。
septuagenarian [ˌseptjuədʒəˈneəriən]
septua + gen + arian → seven + born + person
七十至七十九岁的人
Most septuagenarians are retired.
七十岁的人大多退休了。
octa-/octo-: eight
octopus [ˈɒktəpəs]
octo + pod + us → eight + foot + 名词字尾
章鱼
The octopus is among the most intelligent creatures in the sea.
章鱼是海里最聪明的生物之一。
octogenarian [ˌɒktədʒəˈneəriən]
octo + gen + arian → eight + born + person
八十至八十九岁的人
Did you read Lin Yutang’s Memoirs of an Octogenarian?
你有没有读过林语堂的《八十自述》？
nano-: nine
nanometer [ˈnænəʊmiːtə(r)]
nano + meter → nine + measure
奈米
One nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.
一奈米是十亿分之一公尺。
nanotechnology [ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi]
nano + techno + log + y → nine + skill + word + 名词字尾
奈米科技
Nanotechnology involves working with atoms and molecules to build minuscule devices.
奈米科技牵涉到运用原子与分子来建造微型装置。
dec-: ten
decade [ˈdekeɪd]
dec + ade → ten + 名词字尾
十年
Computer technology has come a long way in this decade.
电脑科技这十年突飞猛进。
decathlon [dɪˈkæθlən]
dec + athlon → ten + contest
十项全能运动
The Olympic champion in decathlon is often called the greatest athlete on Earth.
奥运十项全能冠军常被称作是地球上最伟大的运动员。
decimal [ˈdesɪml]
deci + (m)al → tenth + 形容词字尾
十进制的；小数点的
In the decimal system, the decimal point separates the integral part and the fractional part of a number.
在十进制中，小数点分隔整数部分与分数部分。
decimate [ˈdesɪmeɪt]
deci + (m)ate → tenth + 动词字尾
重创，大量毁灭
The earthquake decimated the island.
这场地震重创了这座岛屿。
cent-: hundred
centennial [senˈteniəl]
cent + enni + al → hundred + year + 形容词字尾
一百周年；百年的
Americans mounted centennial celebrations in 1876, and in 1976 they celebrated their bicentennial.
美国在1876年举办建国百年庆典，在1976年又举办建国两百周年庆典。
centenarian [ˌsentəˈneəriən]
cent + enarian → hundred + person
百岁人瑞
Japan is famous for its numerous centenarians.
日本以众多百岁人瑞著称。
centimeter [ˈsentɪmiːtə(r)]
cent + i + meter → hundred + 名词字尾
公分
One foot is equivalent to 30.48 centimeters.
一英尺相当于30.48公分。
kilo-: thousand
kilogram [ˈkɪləɡræm]
kilo + gram → thousand + gram
千克，公斤
The police found 200 kilograms of marijuana in the truck.
警方在卡车里找到200公斤的大麻。
kilobyte [ˈkɪləbaɪt]
kilo + byte → thousand + byte
千字节
The attached document is a small, 50-kilobyte file.
附件是小小的50KB（千字节）档案。
kilo-: thousand（续）
kilometer [kɪˈlɒmɪtə]
kilo + meter → thousand + measure
公里
The official distance of a marathon is 42.195 kilometers.
马拉松的正式长度是42.195公里。
mill-: thousand
millennium [mɪˈleniəm]
mill + enni + um → thousand + year + 名词字尾
千禧年；一千年
We are at the beginning of the third millennium.
我们正处于第三个千禧年的开端。
Millennials tend to wed later, if at all.
千禧世代如果有结婚的话通常晚婚。
millimeter [ˈmɪlɪmiːtə]
milli + meter → thousandth + measure
公厘，毫米
The CWB predicts that the typhoon will bring 300 millimeters of rain to the Yangmingshan area.
中央气象局预测，台风将为阳明山地区带来300公厘的雨量。
mega-: great, million
megaphone [ˈmeɡəfəʊn]
mega + phone → great + sound
扩音器
The leader of the parade uses a megaphone to keep order.
游行领队用扩音器维持秩序。
megabyte [ˈmeɡəbaɪt]
mega + byte → million + byte
百万字节
This is a small, 512-megabyte SD card.
这是一枚512MB（百万字节）小容量的安全数字卡。
megalomania [ˌmeɡələˈmeɪniə]
megalo + mania → great + mind + 名词字尾
自大狂
The man suffers from megalomania and believes he must save the world.
此人患有自大狂，认为要靠他来拯救世界。
giga-: giant
gigantic [dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk]
giga + antic → giant + 形容词字尾
巨大的
The budget for national defense is gigantic.
国防预算十分巨大。
gigabyte [ˈɡɪɡəbaɪt]
giga + byte → billion + byte
十亿字节
This PC comes with a 500-gigabyte hard drive.
这台个人电脑内建500G（十亿字节）的硬盘。
Reading：Symbiosis 共生
Symbiosis is a sustained state of collaboration between two different types of organisms. It often comes in the form of perpetual cohabitation of members of different species, usually with benefits to the survival of at least one of the parties.
Symbiosis helps animals transcend obstacles and avert mishap. In the Great Barrier Reef, many aboriginal as well as exotic species live in symbiosis. Clownfish and sea anemones, for example, are benefactors to each other. Clownfish intervene when other organisms try to harm the sea anemones. When clownfish feed, the food scraps are picked up by the anemones before they decompose.
The benefits of symbiosis are seldom unilateral, however. In this case, the poisonous anemones also deter predators of clownfish, such as octopuses, in effect setting up a “ No Trespassing” sign. Clownfish usually abstain from venturing too far from sea anemones even when seduced by prey, for fear that they might perish.
According to biologist Lynn Margulis, symbiosis is an efficacious though sometimes imperceptible driving force behind evolution. She regards Darwin’s notion of evolution, driven by competition, as incomplete, and claims evolution is firmly based on collaboration, interaction, and mutual dependence among organisms.
In short, symbiosis is by no means abnormal. It pervades the whole biosphere, in environments as diverse as subterranean caves and submarine hotspots. It is found among organisms from microbes to bipeds to quadrupeds. Human beings would soon expire if there were no trees, which produce the oxygen we breathe, through photosynthesis. It would be an instance of megalomania to claim that humans can live in solitude in the universe. Therefore, wild life conservation is vital to the very survival of humans.
Symbiosis helps animals transcend obstacles and avert mishap. In the Great Barrier Reef, many aboriginal as well as exotic species live in symbiosis. Clownfish and sea anemones, for example, are benefactors to each other. Clownfish intervene when other organisms try to harm the sea anemones. When clownfish feed, the food scraps are picked up by the anemones before they decompose.
The benefits of symbiosis are seldom unilateral, however. In this case, the poisonous anemones also deter predators of clownfish, such as octopuses, in effect setting up a “ No Trespassing” sign. Clownfish usually abstain from venturing too far from sea anemones even when seduced by prey, for fear that they might perish.
According to biologist Lynn Margulis, symbiosis is an efficacious though sometimes imperceptible driving force behind evolution. She regards Darwin’s notion of evolution, driven by competition, as incomplete, and claims evolution is firmly based on collaboration, interaction, and mutual dependence among organisms.
In short, symbiosis is by no means abnormal. It pervades the whole biosphere, in environments as diverse as subterranean caves and submarine hotspots. It is found among organisms from microbes to bipeds to quadrupeds. Human beings would soon expire if there were no trees, which produce the oxygen we breathe, through photosynthesis. It would be an instance of megalomania to claim that humans can live in solitude in the universe. Therefore, wild life conservation is vital to the very survival of humans.
共生是两种生物之间持续的合作关系。它通常的形式是不同物种的生物长久生活在一起，通常至少对一方的生存有好处。
共生可以帮助动物克服阻碍、避免灾难。在大堡礁，许多原生种与外来物种都有共生现象。例如小丑鱼和海葵就能互惠。当别的生物要伤害海葵时，小丑鱼就会干预。而小丑鱼进食时，食物碎屑在腐败之前就会先被海葵吃掉。
不过，共生的好处很少是单边的。在此例中，有毒的海葵也能吓阻小丑鱼的掠食者，例如章鱼，等于是竖起一块“禁止擅入”的告示。小丑鱼通常不会冒险离海葵太远，就算受到猎物引诱也不例外，因为害怕可能死亡。
生物学家琳·马古利斯表示，共生是演化背后有效但有时看不出来的原动力。她认为达尔文的演化论以竞争为原动力，并不完整。她主张演化最重要的基础在于生物之间的合作、互动，以及相互依存。
简言之，共生绝非异常现象。它充斥整个生物圈的各种不同环境中，从地下洞穴到海底热点，都可见此现象。而且各类生物，从微生物到两足动物、四足动物，都有共生现象。如果没有树木，人类很快就会死亡，因为树木借由光合作用制造我们呼吸所需的氧气。假如有人声称人类可以独自在宇宙存活，那此人一定患有自大狂。所以，野生动物保育和人类的生存息息相关。
共生可以帮助动物克服阻碍、避免灾难。在大堡礁，许多原生种与外来物种都有共生现象。例如小丑鱼和海葵就能互惠。当别的生物要伤害海葵时，小丑鱼就会干预。而小丑鱼进食时，食物碎屑在腐败之前就会先被海葵吃掉。
不过，共生的好处很少是单边的。在此例中，有毒的海葵也能吓阻小丑鱼的掠食者，例如章鱼，等于是竖起一块“禁止擅入”的告示。小丑鱼通常不会冒险离海葵太远，就算受到猎物引诱也不例外，因为害怕可能死亡。
生物学家琳·马古利斯表示，共生是演化背后有效但有时看不出来的原动力。她认为达尔文的演化论以竞争为原动力，并不完整。她主张演化最重要的基础在于生物之间的合作、互动，以及相互依存。
简言之，共生绝非异常现象。它充斥整个生物圈的各种不同环境中，从地下洞穴到海底热点，都可见此现象。而且各类生物，从微生物到两足动物、四足动物，都有共生现象。如果没有树木，人类很快就会死亡，因为树木借由光合作用制造我们呼吸所需的氧气。假如有人声称人类可以独自在宇宙存活，那此人一定患有自大狂。所以，野生动物保育和人类的生存息息相关。
Part 2 通用学术字汇-词根篇
表示「方位」的字根
loc: place
location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn]
loc + ation → place + 名词字尾
地点，位置
This house has a convenient location.
这间房子的地点便利。
The dentist is still trying to locate the nerve.
牙医还在找神经。
allocate [ˈæləkeɪt]
ad + loc + ate → to + place + 动词字尾
分配；分派
As General Manager, you must see to it that company resources are allocated equally.
身为总经理，你得负责将公司资源做公平的分配。
locomotion [ˌləʊkəˈməʊʃn]
loc(o) + mot + ion → place + move + 名词字尾
移动，运动
Some animals achieve locomotion by changing body shape.
有些动物达成移动，靠的是体型变化。
locomotive [ˌləʊkəˈməʊtɪv]
loc(o) + mot + ive → place + move + 名词字尾
火车头
The stock market and the real estate market are the twin locomotives of a nation’s economy.
股市和房市是带动国家经济的一对火车头。
relocate [ˌriːˈləʊkeɪt]
re + loc + ate → again + place + 动词字尾
重新安置；搬迁
He went to see a doctor to relocate his dislocated shoulder.
他去看医生，医生帮他将脱臼的肩膀复位。
centr: center
concentrate [ˈkɒnsntreɪt]
con + centr + ate → together + center + 动词字尾
集中，专心
It’s difficult to concentrate on the reading, with so much noise around.
四周太吵，很难专心在阅读上。
concentric [kənˈsentrɪk]
con + centr + ic → together + center + 形容词字尾
同心圆的
The shooting target is composed of a series of concentric circles.
射击靶是由一圈一圈的同心圆构成的。
decentralize [ˌdiːˈsentrəlaɪz]
de + centr + alize → not + center + 动词字尾
分权
The company decentralized operations by setting up eight branch offices.
公司分权营运，做法是成立八家分部。
eccentric [ɪkˈsentrɪk]
ec + centr + ic → out + center + 形容词字尾
古怪的；古怪的人
Howard Hughes became an eccentric billionaire who had an abnormal fear of germs.
霍华德·休斯变成一名古怪的富豪，对细菌有不正常的恐惧。
circum/circu/cycl: around
circumference [səˈkʌmfərəns]
circum + fer + ence → around + carry + 名词字尾
圆周；周长
Ancient Egyptians calculated the circumference of the globe by measuring shadows.
古埃及人透过测量影子计算地球周长。
circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt]
circu + it → around + go
巡回；电路
This factory manufactures circuit boards for radios.
这家工厂生产收音机用的电路板。
circulation [ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃn]
circul + ation → around + 名词字尾
循环；流通；发行量
High cholesterol tends to impede blood circulation.
高胆固醇常会阻碍血液循环。
circumspect [ˈsɜːkəmspekt]
circum + spect → around + look
谨慎的，小心的
The man has been successful because he is always circumspect in his dealings.
此人一向很成功，因为他与人打交道时都非常谨慎。
circumvent [ˌsɜːkəmˈvent]
circum + vent → around + come
规避
The businessman circumvented government regulations by registering his company with a foreign country.
这名商人规避政府法规，做法是将公司登记在外国。
recycle [ˌriːˈsaɪkl]
re + cycle → again + around
回收
One can contribute to carbon reduction simply by recycling old newspapers.
我们只要回收旧报纸，就能为减碳做出贡献。
found: bottom
profound [prəˈfaʊnd]
pro + found → forward + bottom
深远的，深刻的
The invention of the contraceptive pill brought about profound changes in the lives of women.
避孕药的发明，对女性的生活带来重大改变。
fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl]
fund(a) + mental → bottom + 形容词字尾
根本的，基本的
There’s a fundamental difference between these two political parties.
这两个政党在本质上是不相同的。
foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃn]
found + ation → bottom + 名词字尾
基础；地基；基金会
These allegations are completely without foundation.
这些指控毫无根据。
rad/rudi: root
radical [ˈrædɪkl]
radic + al → root + 形容词字尾
根本的，彻底的；激进的
We need to make some radical changes to survive.
我们得做出彻底的改变才能求生存。
eradicate [ɪˈrædɪkeɪt]
e + radic + ate → out + root + 动词字尾
根除，消灭
Polio has now been completely eradicated.
小儿麻痹症现在已经完全根除了。
erudite [ˈerudaɪt]
e + rudi + te → out + root + 形容词字尾
博学的
The most erudite people in medical research attended the conference.
医学研究界最博学的人士都参加了这场会议。
rudimentary [ˌruːdɪˈmentri]
rudi + mental → root + 形容词字尾
基本的，初步的
When an infant is born, it possesses only rudimentary eyesight and cannot see very well.
婴儿出生时只有基本的视力，看得并不清楚。
表示「大小」与「测量」的字根
maxi/magn/maj: great
maximum [ˈmæksɪməm]
maxi(m) + um → great + 名词字尾
最大限度；最大限度的
Two hundred dollars is the maximum I am willing to spend on dinner.
两百元是我愿意花在晚餐的上限。
magnanimous [mæɡˈnænɪməs]
magn + anim + ous → great + spirit + 形容词字尾
宽宏大量的
At the end of the game, the winner was magnanimous as the loser was gracious.
比赛结束，赢家宽宏大量、输家也有风度。
magnificent [mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt]
magn(i) + fic + ent → great + make + 形容词字尾
壮丽的，宏伟的
From this window you have a magnificent view of the valley below.
从这扇窗口看出去，下面是壮丽的山谷景观。
magnify [ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ]
magn(i) + fact + y → great + make + 动词字尾
放大，扩大
Please don’t magnify the problem; I’m sure we can handle it.
请不要放大问题，我相信我们一定有办法解决。
magnitude [ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd]
magn + itude → great + 名词字尾
巨大；重大；大小，幅度
I hope you realize the magnitude of the problem.
我希望你明白问题有多大。
majestic [məˈdʒestɪk]
maj + estic → great + 形容词字尾
壮丽的，威严的
The majestic tree is fully 100 feet tall.
这棵参天大树足足有100英尺高。
majority [məˈdʒɒrəti]
maj + ority → great + 名词字尾
大多数
A large majority of people support the tax cut.
绝大多数人支持减税。
aug: increase, great
augment [ɔːɡˈment]
aug + ment → great + 动词字尾
扩大，增加
The impact of the report was augmented by its timing.
这份报告的冲击，因为时机而更加强大。
augury [ˈɔːɡjəri]
aug + ury → great + 名词字尾
占卜；预兆
Watching the birds fly was the classical Greek method of augury.
观鸟飞翔是古典希腊占卜的方法。
august [ɔːˈɡʌst]
aug + ust → great + 形容词字尾
崇高的，威严的
The family claims an august lineage.
这个家族声称有显赫的家世。
inaugurate [ɪˈnɔːɡjəreɪt]
in + aug + urate → in + great + 动词字尾
就职；开幕；开始
American Presidents are always inaugurated on Jan. 20.
美国总统都是在元月20日上任。
grand: great
grandiose [ˈɡrændiəʊs]
grand + (i)ose → great + 形容词字尾
宏伟的；浮夸的
The grandiose town hall cost a fortune to build.
宏伟的市政大厅花了不少钱建造。
grandeur [ˈɡrændʒə]
grand + eur → great + 名词字尾
宏伟，壮丽
The grandeur of Wagner’s music can only be conveyed through a full orchestra.
只有透过整座交响乐团的演奏，才能传达出华格纳音乐的宏伟。
grandiloquent [ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt]
grand + (i)loqu + ent → great + speak + 形容词字尾
夸张的，言辞浮夸的
The speech was full of grandiloquent language but devoid of new ideas.
演讲充满夸张言辞，但缺乏新想法。
medi: middle
median [ˈmiːdiən]
medi + an → middle + 形容词字尾
中等的，中值的
Median household income has increased, but not as fast as inflation.
中等家庭的所得增加了，但赶不上通货膨胀。
intermediary [ˌɪntəˈmiːdiəri]
inter + medi + ary → between + middle + 名词字尾
中间人，仲裁者
The government official volunteered to serve as an intermediary between labor leaders and factory managers.
政府官员自愿充当中间人，为劳工领袖与工厂老板协商。
intermediate [ˌɪntəˈmiːdiət]
inter + medi + ate → between + middle + 形容词字尾
中间的；中等程度的
This class is at the intermediate level, which means it’s neither too hard nor too easy.
本班是中等程度，不太难也不太容易。
mediation [ˌmiːdiˈeɪʃn]
medi + ation → middle + 名词字尾
调停，调解
The mediation successfully averted disaster.
调停工作成功避免了灾难发生。
medieval [ˌmediˈiːvl]
medi + ev + al → middle + age + 形容词字尾
中世纪的
This cathedral is a medieval building.
这座大教堂是中世纪的建筑。
mini/minu: small
minimum [ˈmɪnɪməm]
mini + (m)um → small + 名词字尾
最低限度；最低限度的
I need a minimum of three days to finish the report.
我最少要三天才能写完报告。
administration [ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn]
ad + mini + stration → to + small + 名词字尾
行政；政府
I like teaching, but don’t like administration.
我喜欢教书，但不喜欢行政工作。
diminish [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ]
de + mini + ish → down + small + 动词字尾
减少，缩小
The sound of the parade diminished in the distance.
游行队伍的声音，渐行渐远。
diminutive [dɪˈmɪnjətɪv]
de + minut + ive → down + small + 形容词字尾
极小的
The six-foot-tall man looks diminutive among those NBA players.
这名六英尺高的男子站在NBA球员之间看起来很小。
miniature [ˈmɪnətʃə]
mini + ature → small + 名词字尾
迷你的，缩小的
My kid sister made some miniature clothing for her doll.
我小妹为她的洋娃娃做了些小衣服。
minor [ˈmaɪnə]
min + or → small + 名词字尾
小幅度的；较不重要的；未成年人；副修科目
The book was published after some minor changes.
这本书经过小幅修改后就出版了。
minus [ˈmaɪnəs]
min + us → small + 名词字尾
减去；负数；缺点
Profit is revenue minus cost.
利润就是营收减掉成本。
minuscule [ˈmɪnəskjuːl]
min + uscule → small + 形容词字尾
微小的
The cactus only requires a minuscule amount of water to survive.
仙人掌只需一点点水就能存活。
minute [maɪˈnjuːt] [ˈmɪnɪt]
minu + te → small + 名词字尾
微小的；会议记录
The picture captures everything in minute detail.
这张照片捕捉了所有微小的细节。
brev/brid: short
brief [briːf]
brev → short
简短的；简短
Let me give you a brief survey of company history.
我来为你简短介绍公司历史。
abridge [əˈbrɪdʒ]
ad + brid + ge → to + short + 动词字尾
删简，缩短
The 500-page novel was abridged to half its length.
这本500页的小说被删减到剩下一半。
unabridged [ˌʌnəˈbrɪdʒd]
un + ad + brid + ged → not + to + short + 形容词字尾
未删节的
The unabridged audiobook In Search of Lost Time takes several full days to listen to.
《追忆似水年华》的未删版有声书，得花好几天才能听完。
meter/metr: measure
symmetry [ˈsɪmətri]
sym + metr + y → same + measure + 名词字尾
均衡，对称
The human body has symmetry, as the left half is the mirror image of the right half.
人体具有对称性，因为左半边与右半边互为镜像。
perimeter [pəˈrɪmɪtə]
peri + meter → around + measure
周界，外围；周长
There are soldiers guarding the perimeter of the camp.
有士兵守卫营地的外围。
thermometer [θəˈmɒmɪtə]
therm(o) + meter → heat + measure
温度计，体温计
This thermometer can be used without contact to your skin.
这支体温计使用时不需接触皮肤。
mod: manner, measure
moderate [ˈmɒdərət] [ˈmɒdəreɪt]
mod + erate → measure + 形容词字尾
温和的；适度的；缓和；主持
He’s a moderate drinker.
他喝酒适量且有节制。
accommodate [əˈkɒmədeɪt]
ad + com + mod + ate → to + together + measure + 动词字尾
提供住宿；容纳；配合
The cottage accommodates up to four people.
这间小屋最多可容纳四人。
commodious [kəˈməʊdiəs]
com + mod(i) + ous → together + measure + 形容词字尾
宽敞的
The cabin is commodious enough for the whole family.
小屋很宽敞，全家人都住得下。
表示「多寡」的字根
plet/plen: full, fill
complement [ˈkɒmplɪmənt] [ˈkɒmplɪment]
com + ple + ment → together + fill + 名词字尾
互补物，补足；补充，确定
Day and night are complements.
白昼与黑夜互为补充。
deplete [dɪˈpliːt]
de + plete → not + full
耗竭，枯竭
Experts say that our oil reserves will soon be depleted.
专家表示我们的石油储量不久就会枯竭。
plenteous [ˈplentɪəs]
plent + (e)ous → full + 形容词字尾
大量的，丰富的
The host made sure there was a plenteous supply of food and drink at the party.
主人确保宴会的饮食供应充足。
replenish [rɪˈplenɪʃ]
re + plen + ish → again + fill + 动词字尾
补充，添加
The plane will be landing at Hawaii to replenish fuel.
飞机将降落在夏威夷补充燃料。
supplement [ˈsʌplɪmənt] [ˈsʌplɪment]
sup + ple + ment → under + fill + 名词字尾
补充物；副刊；补充
Children and old people need nutritional supplements.
儿童与老人需要营养补充品。
vac/van: empty
vanish [ˈvænɪʃ]
van + ish → empty + 动词字尾
消失
When the magician opened the closet, the girl in it had vanished.
魔术师打开柜子时，里面的女孩已经消失了。
evacuate [ɪˈvækjueɪt]
e + vac(u) + ate → out + empty + 动词字尾
撤离，疏散
The seaside village has been evacuated for the typhoon.
因为台风，海边村庄已经疏散。
evanescent [ˌiːvəˈnesnt]
e + van + escent → out + empty + 形容词字尾
短暂的，稍纵即逝的
I like to watch the evanescent rays of the setting sun.
我喜欢看落日短暂的余晖。
vacancy [ˈveɪkənsi]
vac + ancy → empty + 名词字尾
空缺，空位
I learned on the internet that your company has vacancies for computer programmers.
我在网上得知贵公司有电脑程序设计师的空缺。
vacate [vəˈkeɪt]
vac + ate → empty + 动词字尾
空出
The retiring Congressman will vacate a post for interested candidates.
现任议员即将退休，会空出职位给有意参选的候选人。
vacuum [ˈvækjuəm]
vac(u) + um → empty + 名词字尾
真空
You need a vacuum cleaner to clean that rug.
你需要一台吸尘器清理那块地毯。
vain [veɪn]
van → empty
虚荣的；徒劳的
My ex-girlfriend was as vain as a peacock.
我的前女友十分爱慕虚荣。
nihil/neg: not, nothing
negative [ˈneɡətɪv]
neg + ative → no + 形容词字尾
否定的；负面的；否定
About your request for help, the answer is negative.
关于你求助的请求，答案是否定的。
annihilate [əˈnaɪəleɪt]
ad + nihil + ate → to + nothing + 动词字尾
消灭，摧毁
Pompeii was completely annihilated by an eruption of Mt. Vesuvius.
庞贝因维苏威火山爆发而完全毁灭。
negligent [ˈneɡlɪdʒənt]
neg + lig + ent → no + choose + 形容词字尾
疏忽的
The fire was caused by a negligent smoker.
火灾是一名吸烟者疏忽造成的。
negligible [ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl]
neg + lig + ible → no + choose + able
可以忽略的
The weight of the plastic bag is negligible.
塑料袋的重量可以忽略不计。
nil [nɪl]
nil → nothing
零，无
They lost the game seven to nil.
他们比赛输了，七比零。
nullify [ˈnʌlɪfaɪ]
null(i) + fact + y → nothing + make + 动词字尾
使无效，废除
The contract was nullified because one party failed to meet requirements.
合约作废，因为有一方未能符合要求。
renegade [ˈrenɪɡeɪd]
re + neg + ade → again + no + 名词字尾
叛徒，变节者；背叛的
Henry VIII was a renegade who broke away from Catholicism.
亨利八世是脱离天主教的宗教叛徒。
renege [rɪˈniːɡ]
re + neg + e → back + no + 动词字尾
食言，违约
You can’t renege on the deal once you have signed the contract.
一旦签了合约，这笔交易你就不能反悔。
表示「新」與「第一」的字根
neo/nov: new
neoclassical [ˌniːəʊˈklæsɪkl]
neo + class + ical → new + class + 形容词字尾
新古典的
This neoclassical building evokes Roman churches.
这栋新古典风格的建筑让人想起罗马教堂。
innovation [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn]
in + nov + ation → in + new + 名词字尾
创新，革新
This notebook employs the latest innovations in voice recognition.
这款笔记本电脑采用语音识别的最新创新技术。
novel [ˈnɒvl]
nov + el → new + 形容词字尾
新奇的；小说
His suggestion provides a novel approach to the problem.
他的建议为这个问题提供了新奇的切入点。
novice [ˈnɒvɪs]
nov + ice → new + 名词字尾
新手，生手
Although a novice in the field, I can learn very fast.
我虽然是这一行的新手，但学得很快。
renovate [ˈrenəveɪt]
re + nov + ate → again + new + 动词字尾
翻修，整建
The man is taking out a bank loan to renovate his house.
此人办理银行贷款来翻修房子。
prim: first
primary [ˈpraɪməri]
prim + ary → first + 形容词字尾
主要的；原始的；初级的
The primary responsibility of a manager is to lead her subordinates.
经理的主要职责是领导下属。
premier [ˈpremiə] [ˈpriːmiə]
prem(i) + er → first + person
总理；最好的；最重要的
The French Premier and the British Prime Minister will have a summit soon.
法国总理和英国首相即将举行高峰会。
premiere [prɪˈmɪə]
prem(i) + ere → first + 名词字尾
首映；首演
I’m going to the world premiere of the new movie.
我将参加新片的全球首映。
prime [praɪm]
prim → first
主要的；最好的；全盛期
The prime suspect of the murder investigation turned out to be innocent.
凶案调查的首要嫌犯结果是无辜的。
primeval [praɪˈmiːvl]
prim + ev + al → first + age + 形容词字尾
太古的，原始的
Many rare animals live in these primeval forests.
许多稀有动物生活在这片原始林中。
primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv]
prim + itive → first + 形容词字尾
原始的；简陋的
Humans in the Paleolithic Age used primitive tools.
旧石器时代的人类使用的是原始工具。
primordial [praɪˈmɔːdiəl]
prim + ord(i) + al → first + order + 形容词字尾
原始的，洪荒的
Many scientists believe that life originated in primordial oceans.
许多科学家相信生命源自原始的海洋。
表示「力量」與「價值」的字根
val/vail: worth, strong
invaluable [ɪnˈvæljuəbl]
in + valu + able → not + worth + able
无价的
Your support has been invaluable to me.
你的支持对我而言是无价的。
available [əˈveɪləbl]
ad + vail + able → to + worth + able
可取得的，可供使用的
The manager is not available right now.
经理现在没空。
convalescence [ˌkɒnvəˈlesns]
con + val + escence → intensifier + strong + 名词字尾
康复，复原
During convalescence, the patient needs plenty of nutritious food.
康复期间，病人需要充足的营养食物。
devalue [ˌdiːˈvæljuː]
de + value → down + worth
贬值
The government plans to devalue the currency to stimulate exports.
政府计划让货币贬值以刺激出口。
equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt]
equi + val + ent → equal + worth + 形容词字尾
相等的；等值的；相等物
One inch is equivalent to 2.54 centimeters.
一英寸等于2.54公分。
evaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt]
e + valu + ate → out + worth + 动词字尾
评价，评估
The manager has to evaluate each employee’s performance.
经理得评估每位员工的表现。
invalid [ɪnˈvælɪd] [ˈɪnvəlɪd]
in + val + id → not + worth + 形容词字尾
无效的；残疾者
The argument is invalid because the logic is flawed.
这个论证无效，因为逻辑有瑕疵。
prevalent [ˈprevələnt]
pre + val + ent → before + strong + 形容词字尾
盛行的，流行的
The disease is prevalent among tropical countries.
这种疾病盛行于热带国家。
valiant [ˈvæliənt]
val(i) + ant → strong + 形容词字尾
英勇的
The losing team made a valiant attempt to get even.
落后的队伍英勇地试图扳平比分。
dign/dain: worth
deign [deɪn]
deign → worth
屈就，降身份
If she should deign to reply to my letter, I will be extremely surprised.
她要是肯屈尊回我的信，我会非常意外。
condign [kənˈdaɪn]
con + dign → together + worth
相当的，合适的
Three years would be condign punishment for the crime.
这项罪行判刑三年很合适。
dignified [ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd]
dign(i) + fact + ed → worth + make + 形容词字尾
有尊严的，庄重的
The general surrendered in a dignified manner.
将军投降时不失尊严。
disdain [dɪsˈdeɪn]
dis + dain → not + worth
蔑视，不屑
He dismissed their proposal with disdain.
他完全不屑他们的提案。
indignant [ɪnˈdɪɡnənt]
in + dign + ant → not + worth + 形容词字尾
愤慨的，愤愤不平的
The wife became indignant at the accusation.
妻子面对指控，显得愤愤不平。
fore/fort: strong
fort [fɔːt]
fort → strong
堡垒，要塞
The military fort gradually developed into a city.
这座军事要塞逐渐发展成一座城市。
enforce [ɪnˈfɔːs]
en + force → make + strong
（强制）执行
Policemen are law enforcement officers.
警察是执法人员。
forte [fɔːteɪ]
forte → strong
强项，专长
Math is my forte, but English is my Achilles’ heel.
数学是我的强项，英文则是我的弱点。
fortify [ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ]
fort(i) + fact + y → strong + make + 动词字尾
加强，增强
Milk is fortified with more than a dozen nutrients.
婴儿配方奶粉添加十多种营养素以增强营养。
fortitude [ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd]
fort + itude → strong + 名词字尾
坚忍，坚毅
The orphans demonstrated admirable fortitude.
孤儿们表现出令人敬佩的坚毅。
reinforce [ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs]
re + in + force → again + in + strong
加强；增援
This wall is made of reinforced concrete.
这座墙由钢筋混凝土制成。
dur: hard, last
endure [ɪnˈdjʊə]
en + dure → make + last
持续；忍耐
Chinese writing has endured for thousands of years.
中文书写已经延续了数千年的历史。
durable [ˈdjʊərəbl]
dur + able → last + able
耐久的
The machine has to be made of durable materials.
这部机器得用耐久材料制造。
duration [djuˈreɪʃn]
dur + ation → last + 名词字尾
期间
We are stuck with each other for the duration of the journey.
这段旅程我们注定得困在一起了。
duress [djuˈres]
dur + ess → hard + 名词字尾
强制，强迫
Contracts signed under duress are null and void.
在强迫下签署的合约无效。
obdurate [ˈɒbdjərət]
ob + dur + ate → against + hard + 形容词字尾
顽固的
His obdurate refusal to cooperate may doom the deal.
他顽固拒绝合作，可能导致交易告吹。
dynam/dyna: power
dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk]
dynam + ic → power + 形容词字尾
有活力的；动力的
Our top salesperson has a dynamic personality.
我们的王牌业务有活力旺盛的性格。
dynamite [ˈdaɪnəmaɪt]
dynam + ite → power + 名词字尾
炸药；炸毁
The issue of unemployment is political dynamite.
失业问题是政治重磅议题。
dynasty [ˈdɪnəsti]
dynas + ty → power + 名词字尾
朝代
Chinese power was ascendant in the Han dynasty.
中国国力在汉代时蒸蒸日上。
potent: power
potential [pəˈtenʃl]
potent(i) + al → power + 形容词字尾
潜力；潜在的
The nuclear power plant is a potential threat to the environment.
核能电厂是对环境的潜在威胁。
potent [ˈpəʊtnt]
potent → power
强烈的；强大的
The party could be a potent political force in the future.
这个政党将来可能成为一股强大的政治势力。
salut/san: health
sanity [ˈsænəti]
san + ity → health + 名词字尾
精神健全，头脑清楚
The old man is gradually losing sanity.
这位老人逐渐失去神智。
insane [ɪnˈseɪn]
in + sane → not + health
精神不健全的，疯狂的
It would be insane not to take advantage of this opportunity.
这么好的机会不好好利用，简直是疯了。
salutary [ˈsæljətri]
salut + ary → health + 形容词字尾
有益的，有益健康的
Low interest rates should have a salutary effect on business.
低利率对企业应有益处。
salute [səˈluːt]
salute → health
行礼；致敬
The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it.
士兵行礼，军官回礼。
sanitary [ˈsænətri]
san + itary → health + 形容词字尾
卫生的，清洁的
Sanitary living conditions are essential to prevent pandemic.
要避免大规模疫情，最基本的是要有卫生的生活环境。
表示「光明」的字根
luc/lust/lumi: light
illuminate [ɪˈluːmɪneɪt]
il + lumin + ate → in + light + 动词字尾
照亮；阐明
City streets were once illuminated with gaslights.
从前的城市街道是用煤气灯照明的。
Let me give you an example that illuminates the point.
让我举个例子来阐明重点。
elucidate [ɪˈluːsɪdeɪt]
e + luc + idate → intensifier + light + 动词字尾
阐明，解释
Colored charts really help to elucidate the points made in the text.
彩色图表帮了大忙，把文中的重点解释清楚了。
illustration [ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn]
il + lustr + ation → in + light + 名词字尾
举例说明；例子；插图
I like books with many photographs and illustrations.
我喜欢附有许多照片和插图的书籍。
illustrious [ɪˈlʌstriəs]
il + lustr + (i)ous → in + light + 形容词字尾
杰出的，显赫的
The general has had an illustrious military career.
这位将军拥有相当辉煌的军旅生涯。
lackluster [ˈlæklʌstə]
lack + luster → lack + light
无光泽的；不出色的
Critics say that the pianist gave a lackluster performance.
评论家说这位钢琴家的演出乏善可陈。
luminous [ˈluːmɪnəs]
lumin + ous → light + 形容词字尾
发光的，明亮的
I had a glimpse of the cat’s luminous eyes in my car’s headlights.
在车灯的照射下，我瞥见猫发光的眼睛。
pellucid [pəˈluːsɪd]
per + lucid → through + light
清澈的；清楚易懂的
The path meanders along a pellucid stream.
小路沿着清澈的小溪曲折向前。
Critics laud the pellucid simplicity of her poetry.
评论家称赞她的诗简单易懂。
表示「重」与「轻」的字根
grav/griev: heavy
grievous [ˈɡriːvəs]
griev + ous → heavy + 形容词字尾
严重的；令人悲痛的
The death of the scientist was a grievous loss.
科学家的逝世是重大的损失。
gravitate [ˈɡrævɪteɪt]
grav + itate → heavy + 动词字尾
被…吸引；向…移动
People tend to gravitate to the beaches in summer.
大家夏天往往都被吸引到海边去。
gravity [ˈɡrævəti]
grav + ity → heavy + 名词字尾
重力；严重性
The moon’s gravity is much smaller than the earth’s.
月球的重力比地球的小得多。
You fail to understand the gravity of the situation.
你不了解情况有多严重。
lev: light
elevate [ˈelɪveɪt]
e + lev + ate → intensifier + light + 动词字尾
升高，提升
They want to elevate the status of teachers.
他们想要提升教师的地位。
He has been elevated to deputy manager.
他被拔擢出任副理。
leverage [ˈliːvərɪdʒ]
lev + erage → light + 名词字尾
杠杆作用；影响力；杠杆操作
The union’s size gave it leverage in the contract negotiations.
工会的规模让它在合约谈判中能发挥影响力。
The company tries to leverage its brands more effectively.
公司试着更有效地操作旗下的各品牌。
levity [ˈlevəti]
lev + ity → light + 名词字尾
轻浮，轻率
The teachers disapprove of any displays of levity during school assemblies.
老师不允许在集会时有任何轻浮的行为。
表示「尖锐」与「刺激」的字根
stig/sting/stinct: prick, mark
distinct [dɪˈstɪŋkt]
dis + stinct → apart + mark
明显的，不同的；清楚的；卓越的
These grasses belong to three distinct species.
这些草分属三种相当不同的品种。
The doctor has made distinct contributions to the society.
这位医生对社会有卓越的贡献。
distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv]
dis + stinct + ive → apart + mark + 形容词字尾
独特的，特有的
The distinctive stripes on a zebra are impossible to miss.
斑马身上独特的条纹很难不注意到。
distinguished [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt]
dis + sting(u) + ished → apart + mark + 形容词字尾
杰出的，卓越的
The man is a distinguished director, with several Oscars under his belt.
此人是杰出的导演，已拿过数座奥斯卡金像奖。
instigate [ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt]
in + stig + ate → in + prick + 动词字尾
鼓动，煽动；促成
The revolt is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general.
这次的叛乱，一般认为是由一名高阶将军煽动的。
instinct [ˈɪnstɪŋkt]
in + stinct → in + prick
本能，直觉
All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait.
所有的本能都告诉他待在车子附近等待。
stigma [ˈstɪɡmə]
stig + ma → mark + 名词字尾
耻辱；污点
There is no longer any stigma to being divorced.
离婚已经不再是替人蒙上耻辱的事了。
stingy [ˈstɪndʒi]
sting + y → prick + 形容词字尾
吝啬的，小气的
The company was too stingy to raise salaries.
公司太小气，都不加薪。
acu: sharp
acumen [əˈkjuːmen]
acu + men → sharp + mind
敏锐，判断力
The man failed because of a lack of business acumen.
此人失败是因为缺乏商业头脑。
acrimony [ˈækrɪməni]
acri + mony → sharp + 名词字尾
尖酸，刻薄
The dispute began again, with increased acrimony.
争执再起，气氛更加尖刻。
acute [əˈkjuːt]
acu + te → sharp + 形容词字尾
敏锐的；严重的；急性的
He has an exceptionally acute mind.
他的头脑相当敏锐。
The flood resulted in acute food shortages.
洪水造成严重的食物短缺。
punct/poign/pung: prick, pierce
puncture [ˈpʌŋktʃə]
punct + ure → prick + 名词字尾
戳破，刺穿；泄气；穿刺，小孔
My response punctured his whole argument.
我的回答毁了他整套论点。
I had a puncture while I was driving to work.
我开车上班时车子爆胎。
compunction [kəmˈpʌŋkʃn]
com + punct + ion → intensifier + prick + 名词字尾
良心不安，内疚
The man cheated on his wife without compunction.
此人背叛妻子，却毫不愧疚。
poignant [ˈpɔɪnjənt]
poign + ant → prick + 形容词字尾
刺鼻的；尖酸的；感人的
There is a poignant farewell occurring on the platform.
月台上有着令人鼻酸的告别场面。
pungent [ˈpʌndʒənt]
pung + ent → prick + 形容词字尾
刺鼻的；尖酸的
The pungent smell of vinegar made me want to sneeze.
刺鼻的醋酸味让我想打喷嚏。
The article is a pungent satire of current politics.
这篇文章是对当前政治的尖酸讽刺。
表示「记号」的字根
sign: mark
assign [əˈsaɪn]
ad + sign → toward + mark
指派，分配
The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.
这件案子已经指派给我们最资深的官员办理。
design [dɪˈzaɪn]
de + sign → down + mark
设计；图案
I don’t like the design of this sofa.
我不喜欢这款沙发的设计。
Who designed this building?
这栋建筑是谁设计的？
designate [ˈdezɪɡneɪt]
de + sign + ate → down + mark + 动词字尾
标示；委任，指派
The wooden stakes designate the edge of the building site.
木桩标示出建筑工地的边界。
The president will designate his successor.
总统将指定他的接班人。
insignia [ɪnˈsɪɡniə]
in + sign + ia → in + mark + 名词字尾
徽章，勋章
Their jackets have the school’s insignia on the front.
他们的外套正面有校徽。
significance [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns]
sign(i) + fic + ance → mark + make + 名词字尾
意义，重要性
The significance of this finding is beyond comprehension.
这项发现的重要性超乎想象。
表示「发生」与「结束」的字根
cas/cad/cid: fall, befall
occasionally [əˈkeɪʒnəli]
oc + cas + ionally → toward + befall + 副词字尾
偶尔
I go to the movies only occasionally.
我只是偶尔看电影。
casual [ˈkæʒuəl]
cas(u) + al → befall + 形容词字尾
不正式的；随意的；偶然的
This is an informal party, so you can come in casual wear.
这是非正式的宴会，穿轻便就行。
casualty [ˈkæʒuəlti]
cas(u) + alty → fall + 名词字尾
伤亡人员；受害者
The battle ended with heavy casualties on both sides.
战役结束，双方死伤惨重。
coincidence [kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns]
co + in + cid + ence → together + in + befall + 名词字尾
巧合
It was a coincidence that he and his ex-girlfriend got adjoining seats on the same flight.
事出巧合，他和前女友在同一班飞机上比邻而坐。
decadent [ˈdekədənt]
de + cad + ent → down + fall + 形容词字尾
颓废的，堕落的
Rome under Nero was a decadent city.
暴君尼禄下的罗马是座颓废的城市。
deciduous [dɪˈsɪdjuəs]
de + cid(u) + ous → down + fall + 形容词字尾
落叶性的
If you plant deciduous trees in your yard, it will be hard to keep the lawn tidy in the fall.
院子里种落叶树的话，到了秋天很难维持草地整洁。
incident [ˈɪnsɪdənt]
in + cid + ent → in + befall + 名词字尾
事件，事变
The fight was an unfortunate incident that marred the otherwise perfect party.
这场打闹是偶发的不幸事件，毁了原本完美的宴会。
fin/term: end, limit
finale [fɪˈnɑːli]
fin + ale → end + 名词字尾
终曲，尾声，大结局
All the instruments participated in the grand finale of the symphony.
到了交响曲尾声，所有乐器一起加入。
confine [kənˈfaɪn]
con + fine → together + limit
限制；禁闭
The old lady is confined to bed.
老太太卧病在床。
definition [ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn]
de + fin + ition → down + limit + 名词字尾
定义
You can look up the definition of any word in a dictionary.
任何字的定义都可以在字典中查到。
finite [ˈfaɪnaɪt]
fin + ite → limit + 形容词字尾
有限的
We have only a finite number of days to live, so we should make good use of every one of them.
人生在世，可以活的日子有限，每一天都要好好把握。
determine [dɪˈtɜːmɪn]
de + termine → down + limit
决定；判定
How do you determine the age of this antique desk?
这张古董书桌的年代要如何判定？
exterminate [ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt]
ex + termin + ate → out + end + 动词字尾
消灭，根除
The company promises to exterminate cockroaches in any home.
该公司保证可以消灭所有人家中的蟑螂。
terminal [ˈtɜːmɪnl]
termin + al → end + 形容词字尾
末期的；终点的；航站楼
The terminal patient has decided to check out of the hospital.
这名末期病人决定办理出院。
clud/clos/clus: close
disclose [dɪsˈkləʊz]
dis + close → not + close
透露
The information is confidential, which means you can’t disclose it to anyone.
数据要保密，不能透露给任何人知道。
closet [ˈklɒzɪt]
clos + et → close + small
橱子；小密室
The kid opened the closet to make sure nothing was hiding there.
小孩打开橱柜，确认没有什么躲在里面。
exclude [ɪkˈskluːd]
ex + clude → out + close
排除，排斥
It’s illegal for clubs to exclude members based on skin color.
社团因为肤色而排除会员，这是违法的。
exclusive [ɪkˈskluːsɪv]
ex + clus + ive → out + close + 形容词字尾
独家的；高档的
The contract grants me exclusive rights to sell this product in Taiwan.
这份合约授予我在台湾销售这项产品的独家权利。
preclude [prɪˈkluːd]
pre + clude → before + close
排除…的可能性
The rain precluded any chance of a game tonight.
这场大雨排除了今晚比赛的可能性。
recluse [ˈrekluːs]
re + cluse → back + close
隐士，隐居者
In his old age, the billionaire lived as a recluse.
到了晚年，这名亿万富豪过着隐居的生活。
表示「流动」的字根
flu/flux/fluct: flow
fluent [ˈfluːənt]
flu + ent → flow + 形容词字尾
流利的
I am fluent in oral and written English.
我英语口说书写流利。
affluent [ˈæfluənt]
ad + flu + ent → to + flow + 形容词字尾
富裕的
Waste is a sign of an affluent society.
浪费是富裕社会的象征。
confluence [ˈkɒnfluəns]
con + flu + ence → together + flow + 名词字尾
聚集，汇流
A city developed at the confluence of the two rivers.
两河汇流之处发展出一座城市。
fluctuation [ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn]
fluct + uation → flow + 名词字尾
波动，起伏
Don’t worry too much about the normal fluctuations on the stock market.
股市正常的起伏不用太担心。
fluid [ˈfluːɪd]
flu + id → flow + 形容词字尾
液体；流动的；流畅的
I drink a lot of fluids when I have a cold.
感冒时我会喝大量流质。
flush [flʌʃ]
flu + sh → flow + 动词字尾
一阵；脸红；冲洗
In a flush of anger, he left the room.
在一阵愤怒之下，他离开房间。
influx [ˈɪnflʌks]
in + flux → in + flow
流入，涌入
The influx of hot money boosted stock prices.
热钱主流入，抬高了股价。
superfluous [suːˈpɜːfluəs]
super + flu + ous → over + flow + 形容词字尾
多余的，不必要的
While you’re running in a race, all superfluous movements should be eliminated.
赛跑时，不要做出任何多余的动作。
cur/cour/curr: run, flow
occur [əˈkɜː]
oc + cur → toward + run
发生，存在
The accident occurred in the middle of the night.
意外发生在半夜。
concourse [ˈkɒŋkɔːs]
con + cour + se → together + run + 名词字尾
人群；中央大厅
A concourse of people gathered in front of the Presidential Hall.
群众聚集在总统府前。
concur [kənˈkɜː]
con + cur → together + run
同时发生；同意
His wedding concurred with his birthday.
他的婚礼与生日在同一天。
corridor [ˈkɒrɪdɔː(r)]
cur + ridor → run + 名词字尾
走廊
I heard footsteps in the corridor.
我听到走廊传来脚步声。
courier [ˈkʊriə(r)]
cour + ier → run + person
信差；快递
The man served as a diplomatic courier at the Foreign Ministry.
此人在外交部担任外交信差。
Please courier the package to me at your earliest convenience.
请尽早将包裹快递给我。
currency [ˈkʌrənsi]
cur + rency → run + 名词字尾
流通；货币；流行
You can exchange foreign currency at the bank.
你可以在那家银行兑换外币。
Some new words coined by the author are slowly gaining currency.
作者创造的一些新字慢慢流行起来。
current [ˈkʌrənt]
cur + rent → run + 形容词字尾
流；当前的
I read newspapers to keep abreast of current situations.
我看报以掌握当前局势。
electric current 电流
water current 水流
air current 气流
curriculum [kəˈrɪkjələm]
cur + riculum → run + 名词字尾
课程；课表（复数 curricula）
I have a heavy curriculum this year.
我今年的课很重。
I don’t have time for many extracurricular activities.
课外活动我都没空参加。
cursor [ˈkɜːsə(r)]
curs + or → run + 名词字尾
光标
Move the cursor to the icon and double-click.
把鼠标移到图标上点两下。
cursory [ˈkɜːsəri]
curs + ory → run + 形容词字尾
匆忙的，草率的
The teacher took a cursory look at the composition and gave an F.
老师草草看了一下作文，给了不及格。
excursion [ɪkˈskɜːʃn]
ex + curs + ion → out + run + 名词字尾
远足
On such a hot summer day, I like to take an excursion into the mountains.
如此炎炎夏日，我喜欢到山上玩。
incur [ɪnˈkɜː(r)]
in + cur → in + run
招致，蒙受
The man incurred a large debt after playing the stock market on borrowed money.
此人融资玩股票，结果负债累累。
The company will reimburse you on any expense incurred during the business trip.
出差所产生的开销，公司都会报销。
precursor [priˈkɜːsə(r)]
pre + curs + or → before + run + 名词字尾
前身；前兆
SO₂ is a precursor of acid rain.
二氧化硫是酸雨的前兆。
recourse [rɪˈkɔːs]
re + cour + se → back + run + 名词字尾
依靠；求助；手段
It is best to resolve the case without recourse to law.
最好不诉诸法律，就能解决这个案子。
The young man had recourse to his father’s money, so he spent recklessly.
这个年轻人有老爸的钱当靠山，花起钱来肆无忌惮。
fund(fus, fut): pour, melt
infuse [ɪnˈfjuːz]
in + fuse → in + pour
注入；浸泡
His arrival infused new life and energy into the group.
他的到来，为团队注入了新的生命与能量。
The tea should be allowed to infuse for a few minutes.
茶要先浸泡几分钟。
confound [kənˈfaʊnd]
con + found → together + pour
使困惑
The strategy confounded our opponents.
这策略让我们的对手感到困惑。
effusive [ɪˈfjuːsɪv]
ex + fus + ive → out + pour + 形容词字尾
热情洋溢的
She blushed at her supervisor’s effusive praise.
主管的盛赞让她脸颊泛红。
futile [ˈfjuːtaɪl]
fut + ile → melt + 形容词字尾
徒劳的，无效的
All our efforts proved futile.
我们一切的努力都是徒劳。
profuse [prəˈfjuːs]
pro + fuse → forward + pour
丰富的，大量的
The victims were profuse in their thanks to the donors.
受害者不断地感谢捐款人。
dilute [daɪˈluːt]
de + lute → down + wash
稀释，冲淡
You had better not drive even if you drank only a little diluted wine.
就算只喝了一点掺水的酒，最好还是别开车。
ablution [əˈbluːʃn]
ab + lut + ion → away + wash + 名词字尾
盥洗，沐浴
He accompanies his daily ablutions with songs.
他每天洗澡时都唱歌。
deluge [ˈdeljuːdʒ]
de + luge → down + wash
暴雨；洪水；大量
The deluge caused severe mudslides.
大雨造成严重的土石流。
lavish [ˈlævɪʃ]
lav + ish → wash + 形容词字尾
慷慨的；大量的；大量给予
In the hotel room there was a lavish display of flowers.
饭店房间里摆放了大量花卉。
The coach lavished praise on the winning team.
教练大力赞扬获胜的队伍。
spars(sper): scatter
sparse [spɑːs]
sparse → scatter
稀疏的
disperse [dɪˈspɜːs]
dis + sperse → apart + scatter
驱散；散开
The crowd dispersed once the show ended.
表演结束后，群众四散。
intersperse [ˌɪntəˈspɜːs]
inter + sperse → between + scatter
点缀；穿插
The book is interspersed with rare pictures.
这本书穿插了一些罕见的照片。
annu(en): year
anniversary [ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri]
anni + vers + ary → year + turn + 名词字尾
周年纪念
The old couple will soon be celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary.
这对老夫妇即将庆祝结婚50周年。
annual [ˈænjuəl]
annu + al → year + 形容词字尾
年度的；一年生的
Welcome to our annual conference.
欢迎参加我们的年会。
This plant is an annual.
这是一年生植物。
biannual [baɪˈænjuəl]
bi + annu + al → two + year + 形容词字尾
一年两次的；两年一次的
Our biannual garden parties are in January and July.
我们一年两次的游园会在元月和七月举行。
chron: time
chronological [ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl]
chron(o) + logic + al → time + logic + 形容词字尾
按时间顺序的
Events in the narrative are arranged in chronological order.
这段叙述中的事件按时间先后顺序排列。
chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk]
chron + ic → time + 形容词字尾
慢性的；长期的
Arthritis is a chronic disease.
关节炎是慢性病。
chronicle [ˈkrɒnɪkl]
chron + icle → time + 名词字尾
编年史；记事
The book is a chronicle of the American Civil War.
这本书是美国南北战争的编年史。
synchronous [ˈsɪŋkrənəs]
syn + chron + ous → same + time + 形容词字尾
同时的，同步的
The synchronous arrival of a baby sister and loss of a beloved grandmother strongly affected the child.
小妹妹出生时，亲爱的奶奶刚好过世，对这个小孩造成很大的影响。
journ: day
diurnal [daɪˈɜːnl]
di + urn + al → day + day + 形容词字尾
白天的；每日的
The diurnal tides occur at a cycle slightly longer than 12 hours.
每天的潮汐周期略长于12小时。
nocturnal [nɒkˈtɜːnl]
noct + urn + al → night + day + 形容词字尾
夜晚的，夜间活动的
The owl is a nocturnal predator.
猫头鹰是夜间掠食者。
sojourn [ˈsɒdʒɜːn]
sub + journ → under + day
逗留，旅居
The retired couple leisurely sojourned with friends and relatives scattered across the country.
这对退休夫妇悠闲地短暂寄居在散居全国各地的亲友家。
mob(mot): move
motorist [ˈməʊtərɪst]
mot + orist → move + person
驾驶人
The policeman signaled to the motorist to pull over.
警察示意驾驶人靠边停车。
commotion [kəˈməʊʃn]
com + mot + ion → intensifier + move + 名词字尾
骚动，动乱
The commotion in the street drew the police.
街上的骚动招来了警察。
emotion [ɪˈməʊʃn]
e + mot + ion → out + move + 名词字尾
情感
The woman was overcome with emotion and couldn’t speak.
这名女子激动不已，连话都说不出来。
mob [mɒb]
mob → move
暴民
The demonstrators turned into a mob and started throwing rocks.
示威群众变成暴民，开始丢石头。
mobility [məʊˈbɪləti]
mob + ility → move + 名词字尾
机动性
A scooter provides the best mobility in the crowded city.
在拥挤的城市里，摩托车的机动性最佳。
mobilize [ˈməʊbəlaɪz]
mob + ilize → move + 动词字尾
动员
Reserve officers will be mobilized if war should break out.
如果发生战争，将动员后备军官。
momentum [məʊˈmentəm]
mob + mentum → move + 名词字尾
动量，动力
Environmentalism has gathered a lot of momentum in recent years.
环保运动近年来累积了强大的动能。
motivation [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn]
mot + ivation → move + 名词字尾
动机；激励
Motivation is important in any classroom.
动机在任何一间教室都是很重要的。
promote [prəˈməʊt]
pro + mote → forward + move
晋升；促进；促销
The manager was promoted after he completed the project.
经理完成项目后就升职了。
cit/cit: move
recital [rɪˈsaɪtl]
re + cit + al → back + move + 名词字尾
独奏；朗诵
There’s a piano recital at the music hall tonight.
音乐厅今晚有一场钢琴独奏。
kinetic [kɪˈnetɪk]
kin + etic → move + 形容词字尾
运动的，动力的
The kinetic energy in the tides can be harnessed for power generation.
潮汐的动能可以用来发电。
solicit [səˈlɪsɪt]
sol(i) + cit → one + move
恳求，请求
The social worker is soliciting donations for the earthquake victims.
社工人员正在为地震灾民募款。
solicitous [səˈlɪsɪtəs]
sol(i) + cit + ous → one + move + 形容词字尾
热心的；关心的
I appreciate his solicitous inquiry about my health.
我很感激他对我健康的关心。
ag(ig): act
mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt]
mit + ig + ate → send + act + 动词字尾
缓和，减轻
Emergency funds are being provided to help mitigate the effects of the disaster.
动用紧急基金以减轻灾害的影响。
agility [əˈdʒɪləti]
ag + ility → act + 名词字尾
敏捷，灵活
The gymnast’s agility was simply amazing.
体操选手的灵活度十分惊人。
agony [ˈæɡəni]
ag + ony → act + 名词字尾
痛苦，折磨
She was in terrible agony after breaking her leg.
她摔断腿后，痛得不得了。
axiom [ˈæksiəm]
ax(i) + om → act + 名词字尾
定律；格言
‘Survival of the fittest’ is one of the key axioms of the theory of evolution.
“适者生存”是演化论的一项重要定律。
coagulate [kəʊˈæɡjuleɪt]
co + ag + ulate → together + act + 动词字尾
凝结，凝固
The eggs coagulate when heated.
蛋受热会凝结。
exacting [ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ]
ex + act + ing → out + act + 形容词字尾
要求严格的
It’s not easy working for an exacting employer.
雇主要求很严格，员工就会很辛苦。
navigate [ˈnævɪɡeɪt]
nav + ig + ate → sail + act + 动词字尾
航行；导航
For thousands of years, sailors navigated by the stars.
几千年来，水手都是透过星星指引航行方向。
prodigious [prəˈdɪdʒəs]
pro + dig + ious → forward + act + 形容词字尾
巨大的
In the basement there is a prodigious supply of canned food for emergencies.
地下室有大量的罐头食品，以备不时之需。
turb: agitate
turmoil [ˈtɜːmɔɪl]
turb + oil → agitate + 名词字尾
骚动，混乱
The city was in turmoil after the iniquitous sentence was announced.
不公正的判决宣布之后，城市陷入动乱。
imperturbable [ˌɪmpəˈtɜːbəbl]
im + per + turb + able → not + intensifier + agitate + able
冷静的，镇定的
The chef was absolutely imperturbable-even when the kitchen caught on fire.
主厨完全不慌乱，就算厨房着火也是一样。
turbulent [ˈtɜːbjələnt]
turb + ulent → agitate + 形容词字尾
动荡的，混乱的；汹涌的
The sixties were a turbulent period in American history.
在美国历史上，六十年代是个动荡不安的时代。
vers(vert): turn, change
reverse [rɪˈvɜːs]
re + verse → back + turn
相反；反转；相应的
Black is the reverse of white.
黑是白的相反。
The government has decided to reverse the unpopular policy.
政府决定扭转这项不受欢迎的政策。
adversity [ədˈvɜːsəti]
ad + vers + ity → toward + turn + 名词字尾
逆境
You should learn to face adversity with equanimity.
你要学着用平静来面对逆境。
avert [əˈvɜːt]
ab + vert → away + turn
避开，避免
A terrible disaster may be averted if we plan carefully in advance.
如果事前仔细规划，我们或许可以避免一场大灾难。
conversely [ˈkɒnvɜːsli]
con + verse + ly → intensifier + change + 副词字尾
相反地
I do not oppose the reform; conversely, I fully endorse it.
我不反对改革；相反地，我完全支持。
conversion [kənˈvɜːʃn]
con + vers + ion → intensifier + change + 名词字尾
转变，转换
The man’s conversion to Christianity began on the day he married a Christian woman.
此人娶了基督教女子那天，便改信基督教。
diversion [daɪˈvɜːʃn]
dis + vers + ion → apart + change + 名词字尾
转移；消遣，娱乐
The frontal attack was merely a diversion; the main force came from the flanks.
正面攻击只是用以分散注意，主力来自侧翼。
diversity [daɪˈvɜːsəti]
di + vers + ity → apart + change + 名词字尾
变化，多样性
The rain forest is said to have the greatest genetic diversity.
雨林拥有最大的基因多样性。
extrovert [ˈekstrəvɜːt]
extro + vert → outward + turn
外向者
An extrovert likes to make new friends.
外向的人喜欢交新朋友。
incontrovertible [ˌɪnkɒntrəˈvɜːtəbl]
in + contro + vert + ible → not + against + turn + able
无法反驳的，确切的
Faced with incontrovertible proof, the accused had no choice but to confess.
面对无法反驳的证据，被告只好招供。
inverse [ˌɪnˈvɜːs]
in + verse → in + turn
相应的；颠倒的
One’s romanticism is in inverse ratio to one’s age.
人的浪漫情怀，与年龄成反比。
perverse [pəˈvɜːs]
per + verse → intensifier + change
任性的；倔强的
Stop being perverse and come with us to the party!
别那么任性，跟我们一起去派对吧！
pervert [pəˈvɜːt] [ˈpɜːvɜːt]
per + vert → intensifier + change
败坏；扭曲；变态者
The terrorists perverted their religion to pursue violence.
恐怖分子扭曲他们的宗教，追求暴力。
revert [rɪˈvɜːt]
re + vert → back + turn
恢复；复原
When she got her divorce, she reverted to using her maiden name.
离婚后她改回娘家的姓氏。
subversion [səbˈvɜːʃn]
sub + vers + ion → under + turn + 名词字尾
颠覆，推翻
The party leader was accused of subversion and put into jail.
党主席被控颠覆后入狱服刑。
universal [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl]
uni + vers + al → one + turn + 形容词字尾
普遍的
Perpetuation of the species is a universal trait to life.
物种要延续，是生命共有的普遍特质。
versatile [ˈvɜːsətaɪl]
vers + atile → change + 形容词字尾
多才多艺的；多功能的
Leonardo da Vinci, the original Renaissance man, was a truly versatile person.
李奥纳多·达文西是正宗文艺复兴人，是真正多才多艺的人。
versus [ˈvɜːsəs]
vers + us → turn + 介系词字尾
相对（常简写 vs.）
The “nature vs. nurture” debates concern the relative importance of heredity and environment in shaping human behavior.
“先天后天”之争，谈的是遗传还是环境对塑造人类行为的影响比较大。
ali(alter): other
alter [ˈɔːltə(r)]
alter → other
改变，更改
We can always alter the plan if it doesn’t work out.
如果计划行不通，随时可以更改。
alias [ˈeɪliəs]
ali + as → other + 名词字尾
化名，别名
The criminal, alias “Scarface,” was finally arrested.
外号“刀疤脸”的罪犯终于被捕。
The man travels under an alias.
此人用化名在外奔走。
alibi [ˈæləbaɪ]
ali + bi → other + 名词字尾
不在场证明
The murder suspect managed to produce a strong alibi.
凶案嫌犯提出了有力的不在场证明。
alien [ˈeɪliən]
ali + en → other + 名词字尾
外来的；外星人的；截然不同的；外国人；外星人
Chinatowns represent an alien culture in the U.S.
唐人街在美国代表一种外来文化。
Several tourists claim to have seen an alien spaceship here.
好几名游客声称在此见过外星人太空船。
The U.S. has modified its alien residency laws several times.
美国多次修改外国人居留法。
alienation [ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn]
ali + en + ation → other + 名词字尾
疏离，疏远
The sense of alienation is an important theme in modern literature.
疏离感是现代文学的一大主题。
After the man went to the west coast for graduate school, he and his girlfriend were gradually alienated.
男子到西海岸读研究所后，和女友逐渐疏远了。
alternate [ˈɔːltəneɪt / ˈɔːltənət]
alter(n) + ate → other + 动词字尾
v. 轮流；adj. 间隔的，替代的
The pianist and the saxophonist alternate as the lead player.
钢琴手与萨克斯手轮流担任主奏。
The housecleaner comes on alternate days.
清洁工每隔一天来一次。
What is your alternate plan?
你的替代方案是什么？
alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv]
alter(n) + ative → other + 形容词字尾
adj. 替代的；n. 替代方案，选择
The team discussed several alternative plans in case the original one should fail.
团队讨论了几种替代方案，以防原计划行不通。
Do I have any alternatives besides selling the house?
除了卖房子，我还有别的选择吗？
inalienable [ɪnˈeɪliənəbl]
in + ali + enable → not + other + able
不可剥夺的，不可让与的
The rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are inalienable rights of the people.
生命权、自由权以及追求幸福的权利，都是人民不可剥夺的权利。
字根：var = change 变化
vary [ˈveəri]
var + y → change + 动词字尾
v. 变化，不同
The reasons vary, but all these people are going to the U.S.
原因各不相同，但这些人都要去美国。
variable [ˈveəriəbl]
vari + able → change + able
adj. 易变的，可变的；n. 变量
The weather on the island is quite variable.
岛上的天气多变。
Long-term weather forecasts are difficult because there are many variables involved.
长期天气预报很困难，因为涉及太多变量。
variation [ˌveəriˈeɪʃn]
vari + ation → change + 名词字尾
n. 变化，变动
You should mix long sentences with short ones, to add variation to your style.
你应长短句交错，让文风更富变化。
Each jazz musician added a variation to the theme.
每位爵士乐手都为主题旋律添加了变奏。
variety [vəˈraɪəti]
vari + ety → change + 名词字尾
n. 变化，多样化；种类
The chef combined Japanese and French cuisines to increase variety.
为增加菜式变化，大厨融合了日法料理。
The computer can be used for a variety of purposes.
电脑可用于多种用途。
This new variety of rose smells especially sweet.
这种新品种玫瑰香气特别浓郁。
various [ˈveəriəs]
vari + ous → change + 形容词字尾
adj. 各种各样的
The teacher tried various methods to motivate her students.
老师用了各种方法激励学生。
字根：mut = change 改变
immutable [ɪˈmjuːtəbl]
im + mut + able → not + change + able
adj. 不变的
The book deals with the immutable laws of nature.
本书主题是不变的自然法则。
commute [kəˈmjuːt]
com + mute → intensifier + change
v. 减刑；通勤；代偿
The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.
死刑被减为无期徒刑。
Military service is often commuted for a period of work in the public sector.
兵役常可用一段公共服务期代偿。
The consultant commutes between Taichung and Taipei.
这位顾问往返台中与台北通勤工作。
impermeable [ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl]
im + per + mut + able → not + through + move + able
adj. 不透水的；无法渗透的
The aquifer is fringed by an impermeable layer of rock.
含水层四周环绕着一层不透水岩石。
permeate [ˈpɜːmieɪt]
per + me + ate → through + move + 动词字尾
v. 渗透；弥漫，充斥
The rain permeated through the soil.
雨水渗透到土壤里。
The smell of baking bread permeated the kitchen.
烤面包的香味弥漫整个厨房。
字根：equi = equal 相等
equator [ɪˈkweɪtə(r)]
equ + ator → equal + 名词字尾
n. 赤道
The equator divides the earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
赤道把地球分为南北半球。
equanimity [ˌekwəˈnɪməti]
equ + anim + ity → equal + mind + 名词字尾
n. 平静，镇定
It is important to preserve equanimity in the face of adversity.
面对逆境，保持平常心很重要。
equidistant [ˌiːkwɪˈdɪstənt]
equi + dis + stant → equal + apart + stand
adj. 等距离的
This small town is equidistant to two large cities.
这座小镇到两座大城市距离相等。
equilibrium [ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm]
equi + libri + um → equal + scales + 名词字尾
n. 均衡
Population growth has reached equilibrium.
人口增长已达到均衡。
equitable [ˈekwɪtəbl]
equi + table → equal + able
adj. 公平的，公正的
Aided by the judge, the two parties reached an equitable settlement of the dispute.
在法官协助下，双方就纠纷达成公平和解。
equivocate [ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt]
equi + voc + ate → equal + call + 动词字尾
v. 搪塞，含糊其辞
The politician equivocated when asked whether he would run for President.
被问及是否参选总统时，该政客含糊其辞。
字根：cre = grow 成长
concrete [ˈkɒŋkriːt]
con + cre + te → together + grow + 名词字尾
n. 混凝土；adj. 具体的，实在的
The wall is made of reinforced concrete.
这道墙是钢筋混凝土建造的。
They cannot prosecute the suspect without concrete evidence.
没有确凿证据，他们无法起诉嫌犯。
accretion [əˈkriːʃn]
ad + cre + tion → to + grow + 名词字尾
n. 累积
These rocks were formed by the slow accretion of limestone.
这些岩石由石灰岩缓慢累积而成。
crescendo [krɪˈʃendəʊ]
cre + scendo → grow + 名词字尾
n. 渐强；最高点
The divorce was the crescendo of decades of marital stress.
离婚是数十年婚姻压力累积的顶点。
crescent [ˈkresnt]
cre + scent → grow + 形容词字尾
adj. 新月形的；n. 新月形
The crescent moon is not very bright.
新月并不明亮。
Civilization reached a height in the Fertile Crescent.
文明在新月沃地达到鼎盛。
字根：apt = fit 适合
adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn]
ad + apt + ation → to + fit + 名词字尾
n. 适应；改编
Adaptation to the environment is a key driver of evolution.
适应环境是演化的主要动力。
His stage adaptation of the novel was a success.
他把小说改编成剧本大获成功。
adept [əˈdept]
ad + ept → to + fit
adj. 熟练的，内行的
My brother is adept at fixing cars.
我兄弟很擅长修车。
ineptitude [ɪˈneptɪtjuːd]
in + ept + itude → not + fit + 名词字尾
n. 不合适；笨拙
The team’s poor play is due to the ineptitude of the coaching staff.
球队表现不佳是因为教练团队无能。
字根：flect / flex = bend 弯曲
reflect [rɪˈflekt]
re + flect → back + bend
v. 反射；反映；反省
A diamond reflects light brilliantly.
钻石反射出耀眼光芒。
The old man is reflecting upon his successes and failures.
老人在反思自己的成败得失。
deflect [dɪˈflekt]
de + flect → away + bend
v. 使偏斜，使偏离
A stick half-submerged in water looks broken because light is deflected.
半浸水中的棍子看似折断，是因为光线折射。
The boxer holds up his left arm to deflect blows from his opponent.
拳手举起左臂格挡对手攻击。
The politician attacked his rival to deflect criticism from his own wrongdoings.
政客攻击对手，以转移对自身过失的批评。
flex [fleks]
flex → bend
v. 弯曲
The bodybuilder flexed his muscles on stage to impress the judges.
健美选手在台上展示肌肉，力求给裁判留下好印象。
flexibility [ˌfleksəˈbɪləti]
flex + ibility → bend + able + 名词字尾
n. 弹性，灵活性
A teacher should be strict on the whole, with some necessary flexibility.
老师整体应严格，但也要有必要弹性。
These basic rules are quite inflexible.
这些基本规则相当死板。
reflex [ˈriːfleks]
re + flex → back + bend
n. 反射作用；本能反应
The table tennis player has good reflexes.
这位乒乓球选手反应极快。
Sorry, I didn’t mean what I said; it was spoken out of reflex.
抱歉，我不是故意的，只是本能脱口而出。
字根：plic / ply = fold 折叠
imply [ɪmˈplaɪ]
im + ply → in + fold
v. 暗示
What does the author imply about future trends?
关于未来趋势，作者有何暗示？
explicit [ɪkˈsplɪsɪt]
ex + plic + it → out + fold + 形容词字尾
adj. 明确的
The teacher gave her students explicit warning not to cheat.
老师明确警告学生不得作弊。
implicate [ˈɪmplɪkeɪt]
im + plic + ate → in + fold + 动词字尾
v. 暗指；牵连
The evidence implicates several government officials in this case.
证据显示数名政府官员涉案。
implicit [ɪmˈplɪsɪt]
im + plic + it → in + fold + 形容词字尾
adj. 暗示的，未明言的
I thought we had implicit agreement on this.
我以为这件事我们已有默契。
inexplicable [ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl]
in + ex + plic + able → not + out + fold + able
adj. 无法解释的，神秘的
In some inexplicable way, she knew something bad was going to happen.
莫名地，她知道要有坏事发生。
perplex [pəˈpleks]
per + plex → intensifier + fold
v. 使困惑，使茫然
He was perplexed by his girlfriend’s sudden anger.
女友突然发火，他感到困惑。
There was a perplexed look on his face.
他脸上露出迷惘的表情。
pliable [ˈplaɪəbl]
pli + able → bend + able
adj. 有弹性的；顺从的
Rubber is a pliable material.
橡胶是有弹性的材料。
He wants to marry a pliable woman.
他想娶一个温顺的女人。
replica [ˈreplɪkə]
re + plic + a → again + fold + 名词字尾
n. 复制品
This model ship is a miniature replica of the Titanic.
这艘模型船是泰坦尼克号的微型复制品。
字根：tort = twist 扭曲
distort [dɪˈstɔːt]
dis + tort → apart + twist
v. 扭曲
The news report unfortunately distorted the facts.
遗憾的是，新闻报道扭曲了事实。
extortion [ɪkˈstɔːʃn]
ex + tort + ion → intensifier + twist + 名词字尾
n. 敲诈，勒索
The gangster was prosecuted on extortion charges.
这名歹徒以勒索罪被起诉。
He has been extorting money from shopkeepers for years.
他多年来一直在敲诈店主。
retort [rɪˈtɔːt]
re + tort → back + twist
v./n. 反驳，回嘴
The boy’s rude retort took his mother by surprise.
男孩粗鲁的反驳让母亲大吃一惊。
Scolded by his friend, the boy retorted with “Who are you to say?”
被朋友斥责后，男孩回嘴：“你算老几？”
torso [ˈtɔːsəʊ]
tors + o → twist + 名词字尾
n. 躯干
The man’s torso and limbs are covered with tattoos.
此人躯干与四肢布满刺青。
tortuous [ˈtɔːtjuəs]
tort + uous → twist + 形容词字尾
adj. 曲折的
There is a tortuous path through the swamp.
有一条蜿蜒小路穿过沼泽。
torture [ˈtɔːtʃə(r)]
tort + ure → twist + 名词字尾
n./v. 折磨；刑求
There is a torture chamber in the basement of this castle.
这座城堡地下室有一间刑讯室。
The officer was punished for torturing a prisoner.
该警官因刑求犯人而受罚。
字根：clin = slope / lean 倾斜
incline [ɪnˈklaɪn / ˈɪnklaɪn]
in + cline → in + lean
v. (使)倾斜；倾向；n. 斜坡
He inclined his head slightly, to show agreement.
他微微点头表示同意。
I am inclined to turn down the proposal.
我倾向于拒绝这项提案。
There’s a steep incline in the road ahead.
前方道路有一处陡坡。
declivity [dɪˈklɪvəti]
de + cliv + ity → down + slope + 名词字尾
n. 下坡，向下倾斜
From the hillside you can see a gradual declivity of agricultural land.
从山腰可见农田缓缓向下倾斜。
proclivity [prəˈklɪvəti]
pro + cliv + ity → forward + lean + 名词字尾
n. 倾向；喜好
The new employee has demonstrated a proclivity for hard work.
新员工表现出努力工作的倾向。
字根：volu = roll 旋转
convoluted [ˈkɒnvəluːtɪd]
con + volu + ted → intensifier + roll + 形容词字尾
adj. 曲折的；复杂难懂的
The convoluted explanation left the listeners even more confused than before.
复杂难懂的解释让听众更困惑。
voluble [ˈvɒljəbl]
volu + ble → roll + able
adj. 滔滔不绝的，健谈的
The woman was as voluble as her husband was reticent.
妻子健谈，丈夫沉默，反差鲜明。
voluminous [vəˈljuːmɪnəs]
volum + inous → roll + 形容词字尾
adj. 大量的；宽松的；长篇的
Isaac Asimov was a writer of voluminous output.
艾萨克·阿西莫夫是一位多产作家。
字根：grat / grac = pleasing 愉悦
gratuitous [ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəs]
grat + uitous → thankful + 形容词字尾
adj. 免费的；无理由的
They will throw in a gratuitous box of chocolates if you spend $30 or more.
消费满30美元，店家免费赠送一盒巧克力。
The film was criticized for its gratuitous violence.
该片因不必要的暴力镜头遭批评。
gratification [ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]
grati + fic + ation → pleasing + make + 名词字尾
n. 满足，满意
Eating good chocolate gives me a sense of intense gratification.
吃优质巧克力让我倍感满足。
ingrate [ɪnˈɡreɪt]
in + grate → not + pleasing
n. 忘恩负义者
Those “friends” are a bunch of selfish ingrates.
那些“朋友”都是些自私忘恩之徒。
ingratiate [ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪt]
in + grati + ate → in + pleasing + 动词字尾
v. 讨好，迎合
He ingratiates himself with his boss by being helpful.
他热心帮忙，以此讨好老板。
字根：plac = please 取悦
complacency [kəmˈpleɪsnsi]
com + plac + ency → intensifier + please + 名词字尾
n. 自满
Success brings with it the danger of complacency.
成功伴随自满的风险。
complaisant [kəmˈpleɪznt]
com + plais + ant → intensifier + please + 形容词字尾
adj. 殷勤的，顺从的
If someone asked him for an autograph, he was complaisant enough to oblige.
有人请他签名，他都欣然同意。
implacable [ɪmˈplækəbl]
im + plac + able → not + please + able
adj. 难以安抚的，无法平息的
He has an implacable hatred for his political opponents.
他对政敌怀有无法化解的仇恨。
placate [pləˈkeɪt]
plac + ate → please + 动词字尾
v. 抚慰，平息怒火
The angry customer was not placated by the clerk’s apology.
店员道歉仍未能平息愤怒顾客的怒火。
placebo [pləˈsiːbəʊ]
plac + ebo → please + 名词字尾
n. 安慰剂
The control group only had vitamin pills as placebo.
对照组只服用维生素片作为安慰剂。
placid [ˈplæsɪd]
plac + id → please + 形容词字尾
adj. 平静的，安详的
The placid skies belie an impending storm.
平静的天空掩盖了即将来临的暴风雨。
字根：amor = love 爱
enamor [ɪˈnæmə(r)]
en + amor → make + love
v. 使迷恋，使倾心
She was secretly enamored of the prince.
她偷偷迷恋着王子。
amateurish [ˈæmətərɪʃ]
am + ateurish → love + 形容词字尾
adj. 外行的，不专业的
The company’s website looks amateurish.
公司网站看起来很不专业。
amiable [ˈeɪmiəbl]
ami + able → love + able
adj. 和蔼可亲的，友善的
He seems an amiable young man.
他看起来是个和蔼可亲的年轻人。
amicable [ˈæmɪkəbl]
amic + able → love + able
adj. 友好的，和善的
The contract negotiations were reasonably amicable.
合同谈判相当平和友好。
字根：sal(sul, sil) = leap 跳跃
assail [əˈseɪl]
ad + sail → to + leap
v. 攻击，抨击
The movie was assailed by critics.
这部电影遭到评论家的猛烈抨击。
desultory [ˈdesəltri]
de + sult + ory → away + leap + 形容词字尾
adj. 散漫的，随意的
Patrons of the bar were having a desultory discussion about the news of the day.
酒吧的客人们随意闲聊着当天的新闻。
exultation [ˌeɡzʌlˈteɪʃn]
ex + sult + ation → intensifier + leap + 名词字尾
n. 狂喜
The crowd cheered in exultation.
群众欣喜地欢呼。
resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns]
re + sil(i) + ence → back + leap + 名词字尾
n. 弹性，韧性
The man demonstrated an indomitable resilience in the face of misfortune.
此人面对不幸，表现出不屈不挠的韧性。
salient [ˈseɪliənt]
sal + (i)ent → leap + 形容词字尾
adj. 突出的，显著的，最重要的
She began to summarize the salient points of the proposal.
她开始总结提案的要点。
Global Warming 全球暖化
Since primordial times, alternating periods of ice ages and relatively warm and humid ages have occurred repeatedly on Earth. The term “global warming” refers specifically to the current increase in average temperatures starting ca 1950.
自远古以来，冰河时期与相对温暖潮湿的时期，在地球上就一直交替出现。「全球暖化」一词，特指大约1950年代开始出现的平均温度上升。
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), median global temperatures increased 0.74°C throughout the 20th century (from 1905 to 2005). Such a small rise on the thermometer may look like a minor change, but it has completely altered the environment we live in.
根据政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的研究，整个20世纪（1905年至2005年）全球平均温度上升了摄氏0.74度。温度计上这小小的涨幅，看似没什么大变化，却已彻底改变了我们的生活环境。
Theories on the cause of the increase may vary, but mainstream consensus holds that the global warming since mid-twentieth century is primarily the result of an increase in the plenteous man-made greenhouse gases. Natural phenomena such as solar variations and volcanic activities were a minus, because they occasionally magnified the problem by producing a small warming effect from medieval times to 1950; conversely, from 1950 onward they have had a slight cooling effect.
温度上升的原因有各种不同理论，但主流共识认为：20世纪中叶以来的全球暖化，主要源于人为温室气体的大量增加。日照变化与火山活动等自然现象并非主因，因为从中世纪到1950年间，这些自然现象产生的小幅暖化作用偶尔会加剧问题；但1950年之后，它们带来的却是微幅降温效果。
There is incontrovertible proof that the earth is currently heating up, and the phenomenon is by no means evanescent. The IPCC predicts that average global temperature will probably rise a minimum of 1.1°C during the 21st century. The maximum is projected at 6.4°C.
目前地球正在升温，这一点有确凿无疑的证据，而且绝非短暂现象。IPCC预测，整个21世纪，全球平均温度至少可能上升摄氏1.1度，最高预估则达摄氏6.4度。
This large difference results primarily from different assumptions about future greenhouse gas emissions and from the different models used to determine possible effects. Since our oil reserves will soon be depleted, scientists are concentrating on finding renewable energy sources that do not negatively affect the environment.
之所以有这么大的差距，主要是因为对温室气体未来排放量所做的假设不同，以及用来判定影响程度的理论模式不同。由于我们的石油储备即将枯竭，科学家正专注寻找不伤害环境、可重复使用的能源。
Although a majority of the available climate research focuses on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue at a diminishing rate for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels have reached equilibrium.
目前可取得的气象研究，大多聚焦在2100年以前的阶段。但即使温室气体含量达到均衡，暖化与海平面上升现象预计仍会以逐渐减缓的速度持续超过一千年。
Any immediate gains made through carbon reduction will be nullified by the large heat capacity of the oceans. Whatever we do, the effects will be minuscule at first, but that is no excuse for inaction in the face of adversity.
减碳行动眼前能收到的成效，都会被海洋巨大的热容量抵消。无论我们怎么做，一开始都几乎看不到作用。但面对逆境，不能以此为借口什么都不做。
Increasing global temperature is expected to produce various negative effects, including rising sea levels, an increase in extreme weather events such as cyclones, and significant changes in rainfall.
全球温度上升预计会造成各种不良影响，包括海平面上升、飓风等极端天气事件增多，以及降雨量发生重大变化。
Seaside locations and other lowlands will have to be evacuated and the inhabitants relocated. Other expected effects of global warming include variations in agricultural yields, modifications of trade routes, glacier retreat, species annihilations with the accompanying loss of biological diversity, and increases in tropical diseases. Areas along the equator may become totally uninhabitable.
沿海地区与其他低洼地带可能需要撤离，居民必须迁移。全球暖化还会造成农业产量变化、贸易路线改动、冰川后退、物种灭绝及随之而来的生物多样性丧失，以及热带疾病增加。赤道附近可能变得完全不适宜居住。
The magnitude of the problem is simply too great to be ignored. Life as we know it might vanish right before our eyes. We must make an effort and mobilize immediately.
问题的规模太大，不容忽视。我们所熟知的生活可能就在眼前消失。大家必须付出努力，立即行动起来。
Recycling paper, for example, is something anyone can do. Its effects might appear nil or negligible at first, but it may save majestic trees from being cut down, giving them a chance to break down carbon dioxide and replenish the oxygen in the atmosphere.
例如纸张回收，这是人人都能做的事。一开始或许毫无效果或微不足道，却能拯救高大树木不被砍伐，让树木有机会分解二氧化碳，补充大气中的氧气。
Given a chance for convalescence, the environment—a casualty of industrialization—is fully capable of correcting itself.
我们的环境是工业化的受害者，只要给它休养恢复的机会，它完全有能力自我修复。
字根：fact(fec, fect, fic, fice) = do, make 做，工作
factor [ˈfæktə(r)]
fact + or → make + 名词字尾
n. 因素
Price wasn’t a factor in my decision to buy the land.
我决定买这块地，价格并非主要因素。
affair [əˈfeə(r)]
ad + fact → to + do
n. 事件，事情
Extramarital affairs are a main cause of divorce.
外遇是离婚的主因。
Our annual conference is an important affair.
我们的年会是一件重要的大事。
artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]
art(i) + fic(i) + al → skill + make + 形容词字尾
adj. 人造的，人工的
Artificial flowers seldom look natural.
人造花很少看起来自然。
The robot has artificial intelligence built in.
这个机器人内建人工智能。
certificate [səˈtɪfɪkət]
cert(i) + fic + ate → sure + make + 名词字尾
n. 证书，执照
You must get a certificate before you can teach in this state.
你得先拿到执照才能在本州教书。
defect [ˈdiːfekt]
de + fect → not + do
n. 缺点，瑕疵
All the defects had been corrected before the new product was introduced to the market.
新产品上市前已修正所有瑕疵。
effective [ɪˈfektɪv]
ex + fect + ive → out + do + 形容词字尾
adj. 有效的
Both remedies are effective, but taking a shot is clearly more efficient.
两种疗法都有效，但打针显然效率更高。
facile [ˈfæsaɪl]
fac + ile → do + 形容词字尾
adj. 草率的，容易的；熟练的
This problem requires more than just a facile solution.
这个问题不能用草率的方案解决。
He is a wonderfully facile writer.
他是一位文笔极为流畅熟练的作家。
facilitate [fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]
fac + ilitate → do + 动词字尾
v. 使便利，促进
The company is adding a ramp to facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.
公司正增设坡道，方便轮椅进入。
facility [fəˈsɪləti]
fac + ility → do + 名词字尾
n. 能力，熟练；设施，设备
He had great facility with words.
他的文字能力很强。
A library is an important facility for research.
图书馆是重要的研究设施。
faculty [ˈfæklti]
fac + ulty → do + 名词字尾
n. 全体教员；能力；官能
“On behalf of the faculty, welcome to our school,” said the Principal to the visitors.
校长对访客说：“我代表全体教师，欢迎光临本校。”
The old man is still in possession of all his faculties.
老人的所有身体官能仍然健全。
feasible [ˈfiːzəbl]
feet + ible → do + able
adj. 可行的
We need to come up with a feasible plan to save the company.
我们得想出可行的计划来挽救公司。
The proposal is theoretically feasible.
该提案理论上可行。
feat [fiːt]
feet → do
n. 功绩，壮举
The CEO performed a remarkable feat by turning the company back into profitability.
首席执行官完成了非凡壮举，让公司重新盈利。
fictitious [fɪkˈtɪʃəs]
fict + itious → make + 形容词字尾
adj. 虚构的
Don Quixote is a fictitious character.
堂吉诃德是虚构角色。
function [ˈfʌŋkʃn]
fact + ion → do + 名词字尾
n. 功能；v. 运作
My cell phone has several additional functions.
我的手机有好几个附加功能。
It also functions as a digital camera.
它还可以当作数码相机使用。
infect [ɪnˈfekt]
in + fect → in + do
v. 感染，影响
His optimism infected everyone around him.
他的乐观精神感染了身边所有人。
This computer is infected with a destructive virus.
这台电脑感染了破坏性病毒。
manufacture [ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə(r)]
manu + fact + ure → hand + make + 名词字尾
v./n. 生产，制造
This factory manufactures hi-tech instruments.
这家工厂生产高科技仪器。
perfunctory [pəˈfʌŋktəri]
per + fact + ory → intensifier + do + 形容词字尾
adj. 敷衍的，草率的
The receptionist greeted every visitor with the same perfunctory smile.
接待员用同样敷衍的微笑招呼每位访客。
proficient [prəˈfɪʃnt]
pro + fic + (i)ent → forward + do + 形容词字尾
adj. 熟练的，精通的
The computer engineer is proficient in hunting viruses.
这位电脑工程师擅长查杀病毒。
字根：erg(o) = work 工作
organic [ɔːˈɡænɪk]
org + anic → work + 形容词字尾
adj. 有机的；整体的；不可或缺的
Organic chemicals are required in the manufacture of plastics.
制造塑料需要使用有机化学物质。
coercion [kəʊˈɜːʃn]
co + ere + ion → intensifier + work + 名词字尾
n. 强制，强迫
The police used coercion to obtain a confession from the suspect.
警方用强制手段取得嫌犯口供。
ergonomic [ˌɜːɡəˈnɒmɪk]
erg(o) + nom + ic → work + law + 形容词字尾
adj. 人体工学的
This ergonomic chair looks weird but is comfortable to sit on.
这把人体工学椅造型怪异，但坐起来很舒服。
synergy [ˈsɪnədʒi]
syn + erg + y → together + work + 名词字尾
n. 协同作用，增效作用
The two companies have found synergy since they merged.
两家公司合并后产生了协同效应。
字根：labor = work 工作
labor [ˈleɪbə(r)]
labor → work
n. 劳动，劳工；v. 苦干，费力
The car parts themselves are inexpensive; it’s the labor that will cost you.
汽车零件本身不贵，贵的是人工。
The truck labored uphill with its heavy load.
卡车满载重物，费力地爬上山坡。
elaborate [ɪˈlæbərət / ɪˈlæbəreɪt]
ex + labor + ate → out + work + 动词字尾
adj. 精密的，复杂的；v. 详细阐述
They took elaborate precautions before going abroad.
他们出国前采取了周密的预防措施。
laborious [ləˈbɔːriəs]
labor(i) + ous → work + 形容词字尾
adj. 费力的，辛苦的
Fetching water from the stream is a laborious task.
从小溪取水是件费力的工作。
字根：oper = work 工作
cooperate [kəʊˈɒpəreɪt]
co + oper + ate → together + work + 动词字尾
v. 合作
We’ll have to cooperate if we wish to succeed.
要想成功，我们就得合作。
maneuver [məˈnuːvə(r)]
manu + oper → hand + work
n. 策略，行动；v. 操控
Through a series of legal maneuvers, the defense lawyer kept her client out of jail.
通过一连串法律操作，辩护律师成功让当事人免于入狱。
operation [ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn]
oper + ation → work + 名词字尾
n. 运作；手术；军事行动
Desert Storm was a successful military operation.
沙漠风暴是一次成功的军事行动。
opulent [ˈɒpjələnt]
opul + ent → work + 形容词字尾
adj. 富裕的，豪华的
He lives in an opulent mansion filled with priceless art and antiques.
他住在豪宅里，满是无价的艺术品与古董。
字根：sist(stat, stit, sta) = stand 站立，姿势
stability [stəˈbɪləti]
sta + abil + ity → stand + able + 名词字尾
n. 稳定
Stability and progress are two conflicting demands.
稳定与进步是两个相互矛盾的要求。
constant [ˈkɒnstənt]
con + sta + ant → intensifier + stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 恒常的，固定的；n. 常数
The thermostat on the air-conditioning keeps the room at a constant temperature.
空调的恒温器让室内保持恒温。
constitution [ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn]
con + stit + ution → together + be + 名词字尾
n. 宪法；组成；体质
The Constitution guarantees individual rights.
宪法保障个人权利。
He has a strong constitution and seldom falls sick.
他体质强健，很少生病。
existence [ɪɡˈzɪstəns]
ex + sist + ence → intensifier + be + 名词字尾
n. 存在
Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?
你相信有鬼存在吗？
inconsistent [ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt]
in + con + sist + ent → not + together + be + 形容词字尾
adj. 不一致的，不连贯的
What he does is inconsistent with what he says.
他言行不一。
install [ɪnˈstɔːl]
in + stall → in + be
v. 任命；安装，设置
The college recently installed its first woman president.
这所大学最近任命了首位女校长。
installment [ɪnˈstɔːlmənt]
in + stall + ment → in + be + 名词字尾
n. 分期付款；（丛书、剧集）一集
You may pay for the car in 12 installments.
这辆车你可以分12期付款。
institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt]
in + stit + ute → in + be + 名词字尾
n. 机构；v. 建立，推行
That think tank is a research institute in geopolitics.
那家智库是地缘政治研究机构。
institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn]
in + stit + ution → in + be + 名词字尾
n. 制度；机构；建立
The institution of these reforms is absolutely necessary.
推行这些改革绝对必要。
persist [pəˈsɪst]
per + sist → through + be
v. 持续，坚持
If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.
如果疼痛持续，你必须去看医生。
stagnant [ˈstæɡnənt]
stagn + ant → stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 停滞的
Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water.
死水会滋生蚊子。
stale [steɪl]
sta + le → stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 陈腐的；不新鲜的
The air in the deserted house is stale.
空屋中的空气不新鲜。
stance [stæns]
sta + ance → stand + 名词字尾
n. 姿势；立场
Most students took an antiwar stance during the conflict.
冲突期间，大多数学生采取反战立场。
static [ˈstætɪk]
stat + ic → stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 静止的；静电的
Food prices remained static throughout the winter.
整个冬季食品价格保持平稳。
stationary [ˈsteɪʃənri]
station + ary → stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 静止的，不动的
The so-called fixed stars only appear to be stationary in the night sky.
所谓恒星，只是在夜空中看起来静止不动而已。
statistics [stəˈtɪstɪks]
stat + istics → stand + 名词字尾
n. 统计学；统计数据
Statistics was developed from gambling.
统计学由赌博发展而来。
stature [ˈstætʃə(r)]
stat + ure → stand + 名词字尾
n. 身高；（身份、地位）崇高
He is a scientist of great stature.
他是一位地位崇高的科学家。
status [ˈsteɪtəs]
stat + us → stand + 名词字尾
n. 身份，地位
Doctors and lawyers enjoy high social status.
医生和律师享有很高的社会地位。
subsistence [səbˈsɪstəns]
sub + sist + ence → under + be + 名词字尾
n. 生存，生计
The fishermen depended on cod for subsistence.
渔民的生计全靠鳕鱼。
substance [ˈsʌbstəns]
sub + sta + ance → under + be + 名词字尾
n. 物质；实质
Gold is a substance that defies decay.
黄金是不会腐朽的物质。
substantial [səbˈstænʃl]
sub + stant(i) + al → under + be + 形容词字尾
adj. 大量的；实质的
There is a substantial amount of oil in these waters.
这片水域底下蕴藏大量石油。
substantiate [səbˈstænʃieɪt]
sub + stant(i) + ate → under + be + 动词字尾
v. 证实，证明
Many of the allegations have been substantiated by eye-witness testaments.
许多指控都已得到目击者证词的证实。
字根：sed(sid, sess) = sit 坐
reside [rɪˈzaɪd]
re + side → back + sit
v. 居住
He resides in the capital with his family.
他和家人住在首都。
He is a permanent resident of the U.S., but not a citizen.
他是美国永久居民，而非美国公民。
Shops are not allowed in residential areas.
住宅区禁止开店。
That mansion is the mayor’s residence.
那栋豪宅是市长官邸。
assiduous [əˈsɪdjuəs]
ad + sid(u) + ous → toward + sit + 形容词字尾
adj. 勤勉的，认真的
My aunt is the most assiduous gardener I know.
我阿姨是我所见过最勤快的园丁。
dissident [ˈdɪsɪdənt]
dis + sid + ent → apart + sit + 形容词字尾
n. 异议人士；adj. 非主流的
Political dissidents are tolerated in a democracy.
民主国家容忍政治异议人士。
The dissident writer keeps a column on the op-ed page.
这位非主流作家在评论版有专栏。
preside [prɪˈzaɪd]
pre + side → before + sit
v. 主持，统辖
The manager is presiding over a meeting.
经理正在主持会议。
residue [ˈrezɪdjuː]
re + sid + ue → back + sit + 名词字尾
n. 残留，剩余物
You should wash the vegetable thoroughly to get rid of any residues of pesticides.
菜要洗干净，才不会有农药残留。
The three daughters divided the residue of the estate among them.
三个女儿平分剩余的家产。
session [ˈseʃn]
sess + ion → sit + 名词字尾
n. 会议；会期；集会
The complicated negotiations cannot be completed in one session only.
复杂的谈判，开一次会是解决不了的。
Congress is in session now.
国会正在会期中。
The school team had a training session last weekend.
校队上周末集训。
subside [səbˈsaɪd]
sub + side → under + sit
v. 消退；平息
After two days, flood waters began to subside.
两天后，洪水开始退了。
The protests gradually subsided after the government made a few concessions.
政府做出一些让步之后，抗议逐渐平息下来。
subsidiary [səbˈsɪdiəri]
sub + sid(i) + ary → under + sit + 形容词字尾
n. 附属机构，子公司；adj. 附属的，次要的
This company is a subsidiary of Microsoft.
这家公司是微软的附属机构。
Money was only a subsidiary factor in my decision to change jobs.
我决定换工作，金钱只是其中的次要因素。
subsidy [ˈsʌbsədi]
sub + sid + y → under + sit + 名词字尾
n. 补助金，津贴
He is studying abroad under government subsidies.
他在公费补助下出国留学。
字根：card(cord, cour) = heart 心
discourage [dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ]
dis + cour + age → not + heart + 动词字尾
v. 使气馁；劝阻
The man wasn’t discouraged by the numerous challenges he encountered.
此人遭遇无数挑战，但他并未气馁。
concord [ˈkɒŋkɔːd]
con + cord → together + heart
n. 和谐，一致
There was complete concord among all the committee members, so the proposal was passed.
全体委员意见完全一致，因此提案获得通过。
The party had long been plagued with discord, and finally split in two.
该政党长久以来都有意见不合的困扰，最后分裂为二。
cordial [ˈkɔːdiəl]
cord(i) + al → heart + 形容词字尾
adj. 诚挚的，热忱的
The hostess gave cordial greetings to arriving guests.
女主人热情欢迎到来的宾客。
core [kɔː(r)]
core → heart
n. 核心，精髓
I believe the company should focus on its core expertise only.
我认为公司应该只专注在核心业务上。
What are the core values of this company?
这家公司的核心价值是什么？
A lack of trust is at the core of the problem.
问题的核心就在于缺乏信任。
字根：mem(mne, memor) = mind, remember 记忆
commemorate [kəˈmeməreɪt]
com + memor + ate → together + remember + 动词字尾
v. 纪念
The war memorial was built to commemorate those killed in the war.
建造了战争纪念碑来纪念阵亡者。
amnesty [ˈæmnəsti]
a + mne + sty → without + remember + 名词字尾
n. 特赦
The last hope for the prisoner lies in an amnesty from the governor.
犯人的最后一线希望在于州长的特赦。
immemorial [ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl]
im + memor + (i)al → not + remember + 形容词字尾
adj. 远古的，无法追忆的
Dogs have been humans’ companions from time immemorial.
自古以来狗就是人类的同伴。
memoir [ˈmemwɑː(r)]
mem + oir → remember + 名词字尾
n. 回忆录，自传
The retired President started writing his memoir.
退休的总统开始撰写回忆录。
memorabilia [ˌmemərəˈbɪliə]
memor + abil + ia → remember + able + 名词字尾
n. 纪念品，收藏品
The boy is a Yankees fan and has collected a lot of baseball memorabilia.
小男孩是洋基队的球迷，收藏了许多棒球纪念品。
memorandum [ˌmeməˈrændəm]
memor + andum → remember + 名词字尾
n. 备忘录
After the meeting, the manager sent a memorandum to every participant.
会议结束后，经理发送备忘录给所有与会者。
mnemonics [niːˈmɒnɪks]
mnemon + ics → remember + 名词字尾
n. 记忆法，助记符号
Mnemonics—the use of mnemonic devices to facilitate memory—was invented by ancient Greeks.
利用记忆手法来帮助记忆，这种记忆法是由古希腊人发明的。
reminiscence [ˌremɪˈnɪsns]
re + min + iscence → back + mind + 名词字尾
n. 回忆，怀旧
The old man likes to indulge in pleasant reminiscences of his childhood.
老人喜欢沉浸在愉快的童年回忆中。
I like this small town because it is reminiscent of my hometown.
我喜欢这个小镇，因为它让我想起我的家乡。
字根：vir = man 人，男人
virtue [ˈvɜːtʃuː]
vir + tue → man + 名词字尾
n. 美德，优点
Humility is a virtue.
谦虚是美德。
virtual [ˈvɜːtʃuəl]
vir + tual → man + 形容词字尾
adj. 实际上的；虚拟的
The man’s a virtual dictator.
此人形同独裁者。
virtuoso [ˌvɜːtʃuˈəʊsəʊ]
vir + tuoso → man + 名词字尾
n. 技艺超群者，大师
He’s a real virtuoso in the kitchen.
他在厨房里是位不折不扣的大师。
字根：corp(corpor) = body 身体
corps [kɔː(r)]
corps → body
n. 团队，军团
The Army Corps of Engineers call themselves the ACE.
陆军工兵团自称ACE。
corporation [ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn]
corpor + ation → body + 名词字尾
n. 法人，公司
The man works for a multinational corporation.
此人在一家跨国企业上班。
corpulent [ˈkɔːpjələnt]
corp + ulent → body + 形容词字尾
adj. 肥胖的
There was a corpulent lady sitting next to me.
有位胖女士坐在我旁边。
incorporate [ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt]
in + corpor + ate → in + body + 动词字尾
v. 包含，纳入，合并
This design incorporates the best features of our earlier models.
这款设计融入了我们过去所有款式中的最佳特色。
incorporeal [ˌɪnkɔːˈpɔːriəl]
in + corpor + eal → not + body + 形容词字尾
adj. 无形的，无实体的
In the film, the house was haunted by an incorporeal entity.
影片中的房子有个无形的东西在作祟。
字根：carn = flesh 肉体，肉
carnage [ˈkɑːnɪdʒ]
carn + age → flesh + 名词字尾
n. 大屠杀，残杀
The footage exposed the appalling carnage in that war-torn country.
影片揭露出那个饱受战火摧残的国家所发生的恐怖屠杀。
carnivore [ˈkɑːnɪvɔː(r)]
carn(i) + vore → flesh + swallow
n. 肉食性动物
Lions are carnivores.
狮子是肉食性动物。
incarnation [ˌɪnkɑːˈneɪʃn]
in + carn + ation → in + flesh + 名词字尾
n. 化身，典型
She is the very incarnation of grace.
她就是优雅的化身。
字根：capit = head 头
capitalism [ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm]
capit + alism → head + 名词字尾
n. 资本主义
The American brand of capitalism has numerous ills.
美式资本主义有诸多弊病。
capitulate [kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt]
capit + ulate → head + 动词字尾
v. 投降，屈服
The teacher capitulated and allowed the use of calculators.
老师屈服了，允许学生使用计算器。
decapitate [dɪˈkæpɪteɪt]
de + capit + ate → away + head + 动词字尾
v. 斩首，杀头
The journalist was decapitated by terrorists.
记者被恐怖分子斩首。
recapitulate [ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃuleɪt]
re + capit + ulate → back + head + 动词字尾
v. 扼要重述，概括
The movie recapitulates history truthfully.
这部电影忠实地概述了历史事件。
字根：ped = foot 脚
expedite [ˈekspədaɪt]
ex + ped + ite → out + foot + 动词字尾
v. 迅速进行，加快
We’ll do what we can to expedite the processing of your insurance claim.
我们会尽力加快处理你的保险理赔。
expedient [ɪkˈspiːdiənt]
ex + ped(i) + ent → out + foot + 形容词字尾
adj. 便利的，权宜的；n. 权宜之计
They found it expedient to negotiate with the terrorists.
他们认为和恐怖分子谈判是权宜之计。
The negotiation was regarded as a desperate expedient.
该谈判被视为走投无路的权宜之计。
expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]
ex + ped + ition → out + foot + 名词字尾
n. 探险队，远征队
The expedition reached the summit and returned without mishap.
探险队抵达山顶并顺利返回，没有出事。
impediment [ɪmˈpedɪmənt]
in + ped(i) + ment → in + foot + 名词字尾
n. 阻碍，障碍
The country’s debt was a serious impediment to economic improvement.
该国的债务是经济改善的严重阻碍。
peddler [ˈpedlə(r)]
ped + dler → foot + person
n. 小贩
This is a residential area and peddlers are not allowed here.
这里是住宅区，小贩禁止入内。
pedestrian [pəˈdestriən]
ped + estrian → foot + person
n. 行人；adj. 平淡的，缺乏想象力的
There are no pedestrians on the sidewalk.
人行道上没有行人。
The pedestrian prose could really put me to sleep.
平凡无奇的散文真是让我想睡觉。
stampede [stæmˈpiːd]
stamp + pede → stamp + foot
v./n. 奔逃，逃窜
The fire alarm caused a stampede to the exits.
火警警报引发人群向出口奔逃。
The frightened horses stampeded to the cliff and couldn’t stop.
马匹受到惊吓，狂奔到悬崖边停不下来。
字根：cogni(cogn, gnos, gno) = know 知道
recognize [ˈrekəɡnaɪz]
re + cogn + ize → again + know + 动词字尾
v. 辨认；承认
I haven’t seen him for so long that I probably can’t recognize him.
我好久没见到他了，恐怕认不出来。
The 200-mile offshore fishing zone is internationally recognized.
200英里的近海渔区是国际公认的。
cognizant [ˈkɒɡnɪzənt]
cogn + izant → know + 形容词字尾
adj. 知道的，注意到的
The explorer is fully cognizant of potential dangers.
探险家十分清楚潜在危险。
cognoscente [ˌkɒnjəˈʃenteɪ]
cogno + scente → know + 名词字尾
n. 鉴赏家，专家
The man is a cognoscente of medieval art.
此人是中世纪艺术的专家。
connoisseur [ˌkɒnəˈsɜː(r)]
con + nois + seur → intensifier + know + person
n. 鉴赏家，行家
The character James Bond is portrayed as a connoisseur of fine wines.
詹姆斯·邦德这个角色被塑造成名酒鉴赏家。
diagnosis [ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs]
dia + gnos + is → through + know + 名词字尾
n. 诊断
What’s the doctor’s diagnosis of your stomach ache?
医生对你肚子痛的诊断结果如何？
ignore [ɪɡˈnɔː(r)]
in + gno + re → not + know + 动词字尾
v. 忽略，不理睬
The man ignored the “No Trespassing” sign and pressed ahead.
此人无视“禁止擅自进入”的告示，继续前进。
I’m quite ignorant about computers.
我对电脑简直是一无所知。
incognito [ˌɪnkɒɡˈniːtəʊ]
in + cogn + ito → not + know + 副词字尾
adj./adv. 匿名的（地），隐姓埋名的（地）
The best-selling author remains incognito.
这位畅销作家的身份仍不为人知。
The superstar likes to travel incognito.
这位巨星喜欢匿名出游。
prognosis [prɒɡˈnəʊsɪs]
pro + gnos + is → forward + know + 名词字尾
n. 预测，预后
The expert’s prognosis of the new year is optimistic.
专家对新一年的展望相当乐观。
字根：cred = believe 相信
credit [ˈkredɪt]
cred + it → believe + 名词字尾
n. 信用；学分；功劳；v. 相信
Although she did the work, her supervisor took all the credit.
虽然工作是她完成的，所有功劳却被上司抢走。
You can buy the car on credit, if you can afford the down payment.
买车可以分期付款，只要付得起首付。
This is a required, three-credit course.
这是三学分的必修课程。
Do you credit all his wild stories?
你相信他那些匪夷所思的故事吗？
accredited [əˈkredɪtɪd]
ad + cred + ited → to + believe + 形容词字尾
adj. 鉴定合格的，公认的
This Medical School is accredited with the AMA and all major hospitals in the U.S.
这家医学院受到美国医学会以及全美各大医院的认可。
credential [krəˈdenʃl]
cred + ential → believe + 名词字尾
n. 证书，资格，凭据
This candidate has excellent credentials for the kind of work we do.
以我们这行来说，这位求职者具备极佳的资历。
You must show your credentials before you can enter.
你必须出示证件才可以进入。
creditor [ˈkredɪtə(r)]
cred + itor → believe + person
n. 债主，债权人
This bank is our company’s major creditor.
这家银行是我们公司主要的债权人。
credulous [ˈkredjələs]
cred + ulous → believe + 形容词字尾
adj. 轻信的，易受骗的
Don’t be so credulous.
别太轻易相信别人。
There’s an incredulous look on his face.
他脸上一副狐疑的表情。
creed [kriːd]
creed → believe
n. 信条，教义
The Ten Commandments are important Christian creeds.
十诫是重要的基督教信条。
incredible [ɪnˈkredəbl]
in + cred + ible → not + believe + able
adj. 难以置信的，惊人的
There is an incredible amount of coal in these mountains.
这片山区的煤矿储量，多到令人难以置信。
字根：fid = faith 信任，信念
confident [ˈkɒnfɪdənt]
con + fid + ent → intensifier + faith + 形容词字尾
adj. 自信的，确信的
I’m confident that I can win.
我有自信能赢。
My sister is a shy, diffident girl.
我妹妹是个害羞、缺乏自信的女孩。
confide [kənˈfaɪd]
con + fide → intensifier + faith
v. 信任；吐露（秘密）
You can confide in John completely.
你可以完全信任约翰。
May I confide something to you?
我可以向你透露一件事吗？
The information is confidential.
这份信息是机密。
The CEO has made his confidant a manager.
首席执行官任命他的亲信担任经理。
federal [ˈfedərəl]
fed + eral → faith + 形容词字尾
adj. 联邦的
The federal government operates on a huge budget.
联邦政府的运作需要一笔庞大的预算。
The U.S. is a federation.
美国是联邦制国家。
fidelity [fɪˈdeləti]
fid + elity → faith + 名词字尾
n. 忠诚，忠实；精确
The most important principle in translation is “fidelity to the original.”
翻译最重要的原则就是“忠于原文”。
Sexual fidelity is essential to a happy marriage.
性的忠诚是幸福婚姻的必要条件。
infidel [ˈɪnfɪdl]
in + fid + el → not + faith + 名词字尾
n. 异教徒，无宗教信仰者
“Death to the infidels!” cried the fundamentalist.
“异教徒去死！”原教旨主义者大声疾呼。
字根：cap(cap, cept, cip) = take 拿，取
deceptively [dɪˈseptɪvli]
de + cept + ively → not + take + 副词字尾
adv. 骗人地，看似…其实不然
Some of Picasso’s later drawings look deceptively simple.
毕加索晚期有些画作看起来很简单，但实际上并非如此。
capacity [kəˈpæsəti]
cap + acity → take + 名词字尾
n. 容量，能力；生产力
The auditorium was filled to capacity.
礼堂座无虚席。
Both assembly lines are running at full capacity.
两条生产线都在全速生产。
That suitcase is truly capacious.
那只手提箱真是容量巨大。
I am capable of going two days without sleep.
我能连续两天不睡觉。
capsule [ˈkæpsjuːl]
cap + sule → take + small
n. 胶囊；小容器；太空舱
Drug capsules are sometimes hard to swallow, but they do make drugs less bitter.
胶囊药丸有时不易吞咽，但确实能让药不那么苦。
Every pupil was told to put together a time capsule to be buried somewhere on campus.
每个小学生都被要求制作一个时间囊，在校园找个地方埋起来。
The life capsule in a spacecraft is where astronauts live and work.
太空船上的太空舱是宇航员生活和工作的地方。
captive [ˈkæptɪv]
capt + ive → take + 形容词字尾
n. 俘虏；adj. 被囚禁的，被迷住的
When the war was over, the captives were released.
战争结束后，俘虏获释。
Captive animals sometimes demonstrate abnormal behavior.
被囚禁的动物，有时会表现出异常行为。
The superstar captivated the Shanghai audience.
这位巨星征服了上海观众。
imperceptible [ˌɪmpəˈseptəbl]
im + per + cept + ible → not + through + take + able
adj. 察觉不出的，极微小的
Small, imperceptible changes may accumulate to make a large difference.
察觉不出的小变化可能逐渐累积，最后造成重大差异。
inception [ɪnˈsepʃn]
in + cept + ion → in + take + 名词字尾
n. 开端，创始
The company has been highly successful ever since its inception.
这家公司从一开始就非常成功。
A stuffy nose is one sign of an incipient cold.
鼻塞是感冒初起的征兆。
intercept [ˌɪntəˈsept]
inter + cept → between + take
v. 拦截，截获
Army intelligence has intercepted an important piece of enemy communication.
军事情报单位截获了一则重要的敌方通讯。
The last-minute interception of the ball changed the result of the game.
最后一刻截球成功，改变了比赛结果。
receptionist [rɪˈsepʃənɪst]
re + cept + ionist → back + take + person
n. 接待员
The receptionist at the front desk told the visitor to wait a while.
前台的接待员请访客稍候。
I was a recipient of the Microsoft scholarship.
我曾获得微软奖学金。
susceptible [səˈseptəbl]
sub + cept + ible → under + take + able
adj. 易受影响的；易患…的
Minors, with their susceptible minds, should not watch this violent movie.
未成年人思想容易受影响，不该看这部暴力片。
The fees in this brochure are susceptible to change without further notice.
手册上的费用可能调整，不另行通知。
字根：sum(sumpt, empt) = take 拿，取
presume [prɪˈzuːm]
pre + sume → before + take
v. 假定，推测
The court must presume innocence until there is proof of guilt.
在证明有罪之前，法院应假定无罪。
exemplary [ɪɡˈzempləri]
ex + empt + ary → out + take + 形容词字尾
adj. 模范的；警示的
The officer was cited for exemplary service to the community.
这位警官因对社区的模范服务受到表扬。
Activists decry public execution as an exemplary measure.
维权人士谴责公开处决作为警示手段。
exemplify [ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ]
ex + empt + ify → out + take + make + 动词字尾
v. 举例说明，作为…的典范
Let me use one novel to exemplify the whole genre.
让我用一本小说为例说明整个类型。
exempt [ɪɡˈzempt]
ex + empt → out + take
v. 免除，豁免；adj. 被免除的
The conscientious objector was exempted from military service.
基于道德理由拒服兵役者被免除兵役。
The retired judge was exempt from jury duty.
退休法官被免除陪审员义务。
preempt [priːˈempt]
pre + empt → before + take
v. 抢先，预防，阻止
The contract preempts lawsuits by the company’s clients.
合约条款可预防客户对公司提告。
presumptive [prɪˈzʌmptɪv]
pre + sumpt + ive → before + take + 形容词字尾
adj. 假定的，推定的
He is the current front-runner and thus the presumptive nominee.
目前他领先，因此可假定他会获得提名。
redemption [rɪˈdempʃn]
re + empt + ion → back + take + 名词字尾
n. 救赎；挽回；偿还
The movie deals with a sinner’s search for redemption.
这部电影的主题是罪人寻求救赎。
The interview greatly aided the redemption of his reputation.
这次采访对挽回他的名誉大有帮助。
resume [rɪˈzuːm]
re + sume → again + take
v. 恢复，重新开始
Normal services will be resumed in the spring.
我们将在春天恢复正常服务。
Negotiations will resume after the long weekend.
漫长的周末之后，谈判将重新开始。
subsume [səbˈsuːm]
sub + sume → under + take
v. 包含，涵盖
Games and team sports are subsumed under the classification of ‘recreation’.
游戏与团队运动都涵盖在「娱乐」分类之下。
sumptuous [ˈsʌmptʃuəs]
sumpt + uous → take + 形容词字尾
adj. 奢华的，豪华的，丰盛的
That was the most sumptuous feast I had ever enjoyed.
那是我吃过最丰盛的一顿宴席。
字根：tain(ten, tin) = hold 持有，保持
content [ˈkɒntent / kənˈtent]
con + tent → together + hold
n. 内容；adj. 满足的
Check the contents of the wallet for clues about the owner.
查看皮夹里的东西，找找失主的线索。
I feel content with my current situation.
我对目前状况感到满意。
detain [dɪˈteɪn]
de + tain → down + hold
v. 拘留；耽搁
The police have the right to detain suspicious people for a short period of time.
警察有权短暂拘留可疑人士。
I am late for I was detained by a friend on the way.
我迟到是因为在路上被朋友耽搁了。
The student is under detention because he didn’t do his homework.
学生因为没做作业而被留校。
maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns]
main + ten + ance → stay + hold + 名词字尾
n. 维持；维修；主张
The maintenance of living standards is very difficult if prices keep rising like this.
如果物价持续上涨，维持生活水平非常困难。
I’m taking my car to the garage for maintenance.
我要把车送到修理厂保养。
The suspect maintained that he was innocent.
嫌犯坚称自己无罪。
obtain [əbˈteɪn]
ob + tain → toward + hold
v. 获得，取得
You have to obtain the teacher’s permission before you can leave early.
你得先得到老师许可才能提早离开。
retain [rɪˈteɪn]
re + tain → back + hold
v. 保留，保持
The company finds it hard to retain its market share under severe competition.
面对激烈竞争，公司很难保住市场占有率。
sustain [səˈsteɪn]
sub + tain → under + hold
v. 维持；支撑；遭受
The economy is expected to sustain its growth the whole year.
全年经济预计将持续增长。
The farmer grows only enough to sustain his family.
农夫种的作物只够维持家人所需。
The house sustained major damage in the earthquake.
房子在地震中遭受重大损坏。
tenacious [təˈneɪʃəs]
ten + acious → hold + 形容词字尾
adj. 顽强的，坚韧的
These tenacious farmers refuse to give up their traditional livelihood.
这些顽强的农夫拒绝放弃传统生计。
tenant [ˈtenənt]
ten + ant → hold + 名词字尾
n. 房客，承租人
The tenant is being evicted because he hasn’t been paying his rent.
房客因为一直不付房租而被驱逐。
tenet [ˈtenɪt]
ten + et → hold + small
n. 原则，信条，教义
One basic tenet of modern science holds that any valid experiment must be duplicable.
现代科学的一项基本原则：任何有效实验必须可重复。
tenure [ˈtenjə(r)]
ten + ure → hold + 名词字尾
n. 任期；终身教职
During his tenure, the Minister completed a number of major projects in public construction.
部长在任内完成多项重大公共工程。
Justices in the Supreme Court have life tenure.
最高法院大法官为终身任期。
prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt]
pro + hib + it → against + hold + 动词字尾
v. 禁止，阻止
The rules prohibit dating a coworker.
规定禁止和同事交往。
inhibit [ɪnˈhɪbɪt]
in + hib + it → in + hold + 动词字尾
v. 抑制，约束
Fear can inhibit people from expressing their opinions.
恐惧会让人不敢表达意见。
prohibitive [prəˈhɪbətɪv]
pro + hib + itive → against + hold + 形容词字尾
adj. 禁止性的；（价格）过高的
I’ve decided to move out of the city because of the prohibitive cost of rent.
因为房租太高，我决定搬离城市。
字根：propr = own 自己的，拥有
property [ˈprɒpəti]
proper + ty → one’s own + 名词字尾
n. 财产；特性，性质
This land is government property.
这片土地是政府财产。
An important property of gold is that it doesn’t rust.
黄金的一个重要特性是不会生锈。
appropriate [əˈprəʊpriət / əˈprəʊprieɪt]
ad + propr + iate → to + one’s own + 形容词字尾
adj. 适当的；v. 拨款，挪用
That would be an appropriate response to the query?
那是对这个问题的恰当回应吗？
Congress appropriated money for the research program.
国会拨款给这个研究项目。
proper [ˈprɒpə(r)]
proper → one’s own
adj. 适当的，恰当的
I lack the proper equipment for the job.
我缺乏合适的设备来做这项工作。
proprietary [prəˈpraɪətri]
propr + ietary → one’s own + 形容词字尾
adj. 私有的；专利的
This is proprietary software and cannot be distributed.
这是专有软件，不可随意分发。
字根：prehens = seize 抓住，掌握
apprehension [ˌæprɪˈhenʃn]
ad + prehens + ion → to + seize + 名词字尾
n. 理解力；逮捕，忧虑
The new employee is a person of dull apprehension.
新员工的理解力很差。
The officer was cited for the successful apprehension of the criminal.
警官因成功逮捕罪犯受到表扬。
comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv]
com + prehens + ive → together + seize + 形容词字尾
adj. 广泛的，全面的，综合的
The new driver bought comprehensive auto insurance.
新司机买了汽车全险。
reprisal [rɪˈpraɪzl]
re + pris + al → back + seize + 名词字尾
n. 报复，反击
He declined to be named for fear of reprisal.
他不愿透露姓名，怕遭到报复。
字根：pos(pound, pon) = place 放置
deposit [dɪˈpɒzɪt]
de + pos + it → down + place + 动词字尾
v. 使沉淀；存放；n. 存款；矿床
Flood waters deposited a thick layer of mud everywhere.
洪水过后到处留下一层厚厚的淤泥。
I’m going to the bank to deposit some money.
我要去银行存钱。
composition [ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn]
com + pos + ition → together + place + 名词字尾
n. 作文；作曲；构成
The students were told to write a composition on capital punishment.
学生被要求写一篇关于死刑的作文。
compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd / kəmˈpaʊnd]
com + pound → together + place
n. 大院；化合物；adj. 复合的；v. 加重
The military compound is fenced in with electric wires.
军事大院用铁丝网围起来。
High winds compounded the difficulties of the firefighters.
强风加剧了消防员的困难。
disposable [dɪˈspəʊzəbl]
dis + pos + able → apart + place + able
adj. 一次性的；可自由支配的
Disposable diapers are convenient but not environmentally friendly.
抛弃式尿布很方便但不环保。
dispose [dɪˈspəʊz]
dis + pose → apart + place
v. 处理；安排
The gangster told his men to dispose of the body.
歹徒叫手下处理掉尸体。
expose [ɪkˈspəʊz]
ex + pose → out + place
v. 暴露；揭露
You shouldn’t be exposed to direct sunlight around noon.
中午时段不该暴露在阳光直射下。
exposition [ˌekspəˈzɪʃn]
ex + pos + ition → out + place + 名词字尾
n. 说明；博览会
This article is a detailed exposition of Japanese wedding customs.
这篇文章详细说明了日本婚礼习俗。
juxtapose [ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz]
juxt(a) + pose → join + place
v. 并列，并置（以对比）
In his retrospective, the artist juxtaposed his early and late works to highlight his progress.
在回顾展中，艺术家同时展出早期与晚期作品，以凸显进步。
opposition [ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn]
op + pos + ition → against + place + 名词字尾
n. 反对；在野党
Most legislators are in opposition to the tax hike.
大多数立法委员反对加税。
pose [pəʊz]
pose → place
v. 提出；造成；摆姿势；n. 姿势
The depletion of petroleum poses a challenge to us all.
石油枯竭是对我们所有人的挑战。
posture [ˈpɒstʃə(r)]
pos + ture → place + 名词字尾
n. 姿势；态度；v. 摆姿势
You should always maintain an erect posture.
你应随时保持挺直的姿势。
proposal [prəˈpəʊzl]
pro + pos + al → forward + place + 名词字尾
n. 提案；求婚
The proposal to legalize marijuana has won a lot of support.
大麻合法化的提案获得许多支持。
字根：fer = bear, carry 携带，承载
suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)]
sub + fer → under + bear
v. 受苦；患病；遭受
When hyperinflation occurs, everyone suffers.
发生恶性通货膨胀时，大家都深受其害。
conference [ˈkɒnfərəns]
con + fer + ence → together + carry + 名词字尾
n. 会议；协商
The meeting will be held in the conference room.
会议将在会议室举行。
defer [dɪˈfɜː(r)]
de + fer → down + bear
v. 推迟；顺从
You may choose to defer your admission for one year.
你可以选择推迟一年入学。
ferry [ˈferi]
fer + ry → carry + 名词字尾
n. 渡船；渡口；v. 摆渡，运送
Let’s take the ferry to Kowloon.
我们搭渡船去九龙吧。
fertile [ˈfɜːtaɪl]
fer(t) + ile → bear + 形容词字尾
adj. 肥沃的；有生育能力的；想象力丰富的
The soil is kept fertile by the annual flooding of the river.
因为河流每年泛滥，土壤得以保持肥沃。
infer [ɪnˈfɜː(r)]
in + fer → in + carry
v. 推断，推论
I can infer from the article that the author has had first-hand experience in the matter.
从文章中我可以推断，作者对此事有亲身经历。
refer [rɪˈfɜː(r)]
re + fer → back + carry
v. 提及；参考；转诊
The speaker referred to her wartime experience several times.
演讲者数次提到她的战时经历。
transfer [trænsˈfɜː(r) / ˈtrænsfɜː(r)]
trans + fer → across + carry
v./n. 转移；迁移；转让
After a year the student transferred to another department.
一年后，这名学生转到了另一个系。
字根：port = carry 运送
portable [ˈpɔːtəbl]
port + able → carry + able
adj. 便携式的，轻便的
A “boom box” is a large portable stereo player.
所谓 boom box 指的是大型手提式音响。
import [ɪmˈpɔːt / ˈɪmpɔːt]
in + port → in + carry
v./n. 进口，输入
This trading company imports hi-tech gadgets and exports raw material.
这家贸易公司进口高科技产品，出口原料。
portal [ˈpɔːtl]
port + al → carry + 名词字尾
n. 大门；入口；门户网站
I want to take a photo at the portal of the Lincoln Memorial.
我要到林肯纪念堂入口拍照。
transport [ˈtrænspɔːt / trænsˈpɔːt]
trans + port → across + carry
v./n. 运输，运送
Good public transport helps reduce pollution and traffic congestion.
良好的公共交通有助于减少污染和交通堵塞。
字根：gest = carry 运送，承载
congestion [kənˈdʒestʃn]
con + gest + ion → together + carry + 名词字尾
n. 拥挤，阻塞
Traffic congestion is a real problem for commuters.
交通堵塞对通勤族来说是个大问题。
digest [daɪˈdʒest / ˈdaɪdʒest]
dis + gest → apart + carry
v. 消化；n. 文摘，摘要
Stomach acid helps digest food.
胃酸帮助消化食物。
gesture [ˈdʒestʃə(r)]
gest + ure → carry + 名词字尾
n. 手势，姿态；v. 打手势
The man shrugged and opened his hands, in a gesture of helplessness.
这人耸耸肩、双手一摊，做出无奈的姿势。
ingest [ɪnˈdʒest]
in + gest → in + carry
v. 摄取，吸收
Liquid food is easy to ingest.
流质食物很容易摄取。
字根：tribute = give 给予
contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt]
con + tribute → together + give
v. 贡献；捐献；促成
The winner of the lottery contributed large sums to charity.
彩票得主捐出巨款给慈善机构。
attribute [ˈætrɪbjuːt / əˈtrɪbjuːt]
ad + tribute → to + give
n. 属性，特征；v. 把…归因于
Both candidates possess the attributes we want in a leader.
两位候选人都具备我们想要的领袖特质。
distribute [dɪˈstrɪbjuːt]
dis + tribute → apart + give
v. 分配，分发；分布
Donated foodstuffs were quickly distributed to the stricken areas.
捐赠的食品很快被分发到灾区。
retribution [ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn]
re + tribute + ion → back + give + 名词字尾
n. 报应，惩罚，报复
The killer acted without fear of retribution.
凶手作案时完全不怕遭到报应。
tributary [ˈtrɪbjətri]
tribut + ary → give + 形容词字尾
n. 支流；adj. 进贡的，附庸的
This stream is a tributary of the Ohio River.
这条小溪是俄亥俄河的支流。
The Han Dynasty lorded over many tributary nations.
汉朝统治着许多藩属国。
tribute [ˈtrɪbjuːt]
tribute → give
n. 贡品；致敬，尊崇
In the ceremony, artists and musicians paid tribute to the famous composer.
典礼上，艺术家与音乐家向这位著名作曲家致敬。
字根：pel(puls) = push 推
compel [kəmˈpel]
com + pel → intensifier + push
v. 强迫，迫使
Incontrovertible proof compelled me to admit mistake.
铁证迫使我承认错误。
dispel [dɪˈspel]
dis + pel → apart + push
v. 驱散，消除
The sun came out and dispelled the fog.
太阳出来后驱散了雾气。
expel [ɪkˈspel]
ex + pel → out + push
v. 排出；驱逐，开除
The koala bear has a digestive system that assimilates the nutrition but expels the poison from eucalyptus leaves.
考拉的消化系统能吸收桉树叶的营养并排出毒素。
impulse [ˈɪmpʌls]
in + pulse → in + push
n. 冲动，脉冲
On an impulse, I asked the girl her phone number.
一时冲动下，我向女孩要了电话号码。
propel [prəˈpel]
pro + pel → forward + push
v. 推动，推进
The boat is propelled by a 30-horsepower engine.
这艘船由30匹马力的引擎推动。
repel [rɪˈpel]
re + pel → back + push
v. 击退；排斥；使反感
Do we have enough men to repel enemy attacks?
我们有足够人力击退敌人进攻吗？
repellent [rɪˈpelənt]
re + pel + lent → back + push + 形容词字尾
adj. 令人厌恶的；防水的；n. 防水剂，驱虫剂
I find such cruelty utterly repellent.
我对这种残酷行为深感厌恶。
repulsive [rɪˈpʌlsɪv]
re + puls + ive → back + push + 形容词字尾
adj. 令人反感的，丑恶的
At the repulsive sight, she averted her eyes.
看到这令人恶心的景象，她转过了头。
字根：tract = pull, draw 拉，抽
extract [ɪkˈstrækt / ˈekstrækt]
ex + tract → out + pull
v. 抽出，提取；n. 摘录，精华
Oil is extracted from underground reserves.
石油从地下储藏中抽取。
distract [dɪˈstrækt]
dis + tract → apart + pull
v. 使分心，转移注意力
The magician distracted his audience with a lot of sound and smoke.
魔术师用声光烟雾分散观众注意力。
protract [prəˈtrækt]
pro + tract → forward + pull
v. 拖延，延长
There’s no need to protract the discussion; we can make a decision right now.
没必要延长讨论，我们现在就可以做决定。
subtract [səbˈtrækt]
sub + tract → under + pull
v. 减去，扣除
Calculate profit by subtracting cost from revenue.
利润的算法是收入减去成本。
字根：minent(mont, mount) = project, climb 突出，攀爬
surmount [səˈmaʊnt]
sur + mount → over + mount
v. 超越，克服
If we work together, we can surmount the obstacle.
只要合作，我们就能克服障碍。
eminent [ˈemɪnənt]
e + minent → out + project
adj. 杰出的，著名的
Many eminent surgeons are on the hospital’s staff.
这家医院有许多著名外科医生。
imminent [ˈɪmɪnənt]
in + minent → in + project
adj. 即将来临的，迫近的
There may be difficulties in the long run, but there’s no imminent danger.
长远看可能有困难，但暂无迫在眉睫的危险。
paramount [ˈpærəmaʊnt]
para + mount → alongside + mount
adj. 至高无上的，最重要的
Keeping the exhibit safe is a matter of paramount importance.
保障展品安全是头等大事。
prominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt]
pro + minent → forward + project
adj. 突出的，显著的，著名的
He placed the award in a prominent position on his desk.
他把奖杯放在桌上显眼的位置。
promontory [ˈprɒməntəri]
pro + mont + ory → forward + mount + 名词字尾
n. 海角，岬角
The lighthouse stood on the windswept promontory overlooking the sea.
灯塔矗立在迎风的海角上俯瞰大海。
字根：scend = climb 爬，上升
ascend [əˈsend]
ad + scend → to + climb
v. 上升，攀登
They slowly ascended the steep path up to the mountain.
他们沿着陡峭小路慢慢爬上山。
condescend [ˌkɒndɪˈsend]
con + descend → together + down
v. 屈尊，俯就，带着优越感对待
I wonder if your boss will condescend to visit us?
不知你老板是否肯屈尊来看我们？
descend [dɪˈsend]
de + scend → down + climb
v. 下降，降临，遗传
The path descended steeply into the valley.
小路陡峭地向下延伸到山谷。
字根：duc(duct) = lead 引导
conduct [ˈkɒndʌkt / kənˈdʌkt]
con + duct → together + lead
n. 行为，举止；v. 引导，管理，指挥
The club has a strict code of conduct.
俱乐部有严格的行为准则。
abduct [æbˈdʌkt]
ab + duct → away + lead
v. 绑架，劫持
The woman was abducted at gunpoint.
这名女子被持枪绑架。
conduit [ˈkɒndjuɪt]
con + duit → together + lead
n. 导管，渠道，管道
This pipeline is the main conduit for Alaskan oil.
这条管道是阿拉斯加石油的主要输送管道。
deduce [dɪˈdjuːs]
de + duce → away + lead
v. 推论，演绎
From these premises, one conclusion can be deduced.
从这些前提可以推出一个结论。
deduct [dɪˈdʌkt]
de + duct → away + lead
v. 扣除，减去
The player had points deducted for arguing with the referee.
球员因与裁判争执被扣分。
ductility [dʌkˈtɪləti]
duct + ility → lead + 名词字尾
n. 延展性，韧性
The characteristic ductility of copper makes it highly versatile.
铜的延展性让它用途非常广泛。
induce [ɪnˈdjuːs]
in + duce → in + lead
v. 诱导，引起，归纳
You can induce vomit by sticking a finger down the throat.
把手指伸进喉咙可以催吐。
induct [ɪnˈdʌkt]
in + duct → in + lead
v. 使就职，吸收入会，征召入伍
She was inducted as president of the college.
她就任学院院长。
productivity [ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]
pro + duct + ivity → forward + lead + 名词字尾
n. 生产力，生产率
The factory invited a consultant over to study ways to raise productivity.
工厂请来顾问研究提高生产力的方法。
reduce [rɪˈdjuːs]
re + duce → back + lead
v. 减少，降低
Warning signs were installed along the curve to reduce accidents.
弯道处安装警示标志以减少事故。
seduction [sɪˈdʌkʃn]
se + duct + ion → apart + lead + 名词字尾
n. 引诱，诱惑
The official succumbed to seduction and stole classified information for the woman.
官员受诱惑，为女子窃取机密信息。
字根：sequ(secu, su) = follow 跟随
subsequent [ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]
sub + sequ + ent → after + follow + 形容词字尾
adj. 随后的，后来的
Let’s wait to see the subsequent developments.
我们等着看后续发展。
consecutive [kənˈsekjətɪv]
con + secu + tive → together + follow + 形容词字尾
adj. 连续的，连贯的
The Chairman served for three consecutive terms.
主席连续三届任职。
consequently [ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli]
con + sequ + ently → together + follow + 副词字尾
adv. 因此，所以
You have more money; consequently, you should pay.
你钱比较多，所以该你付钱。
execute [ˈeksɪkjuːt]
ex + secu + te → out + follow + 动词字尾
v. 执行；处决
The relocation was executed according to plan.
搬迁工作按计划执行。
executive [ɪɡˈzekjətɪv]
ex + secu + tive → out + follow + 形容词字尾
n. 高管，主管；adj. 执行的，行政的
She is now a senior executive, having worked her way up through the company.
她从基层做起，现已成为公司高管。
inconsequential [ˌɪnkɒnsɪˈkwenʃl]
in + con + sequ + ential → not + together + follow + 形容词字尾
adj. 不重要的，微不足道的
What I think is inconsequential; it’s what you feel about the matter that counts.
我怎么想不重要，重要的是你对这件事的感受。
pursue [pəˈsjuː]
pro + sue → forward + follow
v. 追逐，追求，从事
The police pursued the criminal across the country.
警方全国追捕这名罪犯。
sequel [ˈsiːkwəl]
sequ + el → follow + 名词字尾
n. 续集，续篇，结局
Have you seen the latest sequel to the Bond movies?
你看了007最新续集吗？
字根：ven(vent) = come 来
eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli]
e + vent + ually → out + come + 副词字尾
adv. 最终，终于
If you persist, eventually you’ll succeed.
只要坚持，你终将成功。
advent [ˈædvent]
ad + vent → to + come
n. 到来，出现
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was revolutionized.
随着工业革命到来，制造业发生巨变。
avenue [ˈævənjuː]
ad + venue → to + come
n. 大道，途径，渠道
Boutiques line both sides of the avenue.
大道两旁都是精品店。
convention [kənˈvenʃn]
con + vent + ion → together + come + 名词字尾
n. 惯例，习俗；大会
Our annual conference is at the convention center.
我们的年会在会议中心举办。
revenue [ˈrevənjuː]
re + venue → back + come
n. 收入，税收，收益
The retail chain doubled revenues this year by opening 20 new shops.
这家零售连锁店新开20家店，收入翻倍。
venture [ˈventʃə(r)]
vent + ure → come + 名词字尾
n. 冒险，风险项目；v. 冒险
The explorers ventured into the Amazon jungle.
探险家冒险进入亚马逊丛林。
字根：it = go 走
itinerary [aɪˈtɪnərəri]
it + inerary → go + 名词字尾
n. 行程，旅行计划
You can find a detailed itinerary of the tour in this brochure.
手册里有这次旅行的详细行程。
initial [ɪˈnɪʃl]
in + it(i) + al → in + go + 形容词字尾
adj. 最初的；n. 首字母
The man’s initial reaction to the news was one of surprise.
此人听到消息的第一反应是惊讶。
initiate [ɪˈnɪʃieɪt / ɪˈnɪʃiət]
in + it(i) + ate → in + go + 动词字尾
v. 启动，发起；n. 新成员
The Chairman initiated a program of reform.
主席启动了一项改革计划。
initiative [ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]
in + it(i) + ative → in + go + 名词字尾
n. 倡议，主动性；adj. 主动的
The governor has proposed a new initiative to improve conditions in urban schools.
州长提出新倡议改善城市学校状况。
transient [ˈtrænziənt]
trans + i + ent → across + go + 形容词字尾
adj. 短暂的，路过的；n. 过客，候鸟
Many transient laborers work in these farms in summer.
夏天许多临时工在这些农场打工。
transition [trænˈzɪʃn]
trans + it + ion → across + go + 名词字尾
n. 过渡，转变
We’ve completed the transition from a labor-intensive to a hi-tech form of economy.
我们已完成从劳动密集到高科技经济的转型。
字根：ced(ceed, cess) = go 走
proceed [prəˈsiːd]
pro + ceed → forward + go
v. 进行，继续，前往
Proceed to the next window when you have finished here.
这里办完后请到下一个窗口。
accessory [əkˈsesəri]
ad + cess + ory → to + go + 形容词字尾
n. 配件，附件；共犯；adj. 附属的
This designer handbag is an excellent fashion accessory.
这款名牌手袋是绝佳的时尚配饰。
concede [kənˈsiːd]
con + cede → together + go
v. 承认，让步，退让
On election night, the loser conceded defeat in a televised speech.
大选夜，败选者发表电视讲话承认败选。
concession [kənˈseʃn]
con + cess + ion → together + go + 名词字尾
n. 让步，妥协；特许权；小卖部
The negotiator is prepared to make some small concessions to get the deal done.
谈判者准备做些小让步达成交易。
excessive [ɪkˈsesɪv]
ex + cess + ive → out + go + 形容词字尾
adj. 过多的，过分的
Capital punishment would be excessive for this case.
这个案子判死刑太过了。
inaccessible [ˌɪnækˈsesəbl]
in + ad + cess + ible → not + to + go + able
adj. 难以接近的，无法获取的
The classified information is inaccessible to the general public.
机密信息一般民众无法获取。
intercede [ˌɪntəˈsiːd]
inter + cede → between + go
v. 调解，说情，斡旋
The archbishop interceded on behalf of the condemned prisoner and obtained a pardon for him.
大主教为死刑犯求情，为他争取到特赦。
predecessor [ˈpriːdɪsesə(r)]
pre + de + cess + or → before + down + go + person
n. 前任，前辈，前身
The new CEO outdid his predecessor by doubling revenues in his first year.
新任执行长第一年就让营收翻倍，表现超越前任。
procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə(r)]
pro + ced + ure → forward + go + 名词字尾
n. 程序，步骤，手续
What is your standard operating procedure in the event of a hijacking?
遇到劫机时，你们的标准作业程序是什么？
process [ˈprəʊses]
pro + cess → forward + go
n. 过程，进程；v. 处理，加工
The process of evolution never ceases.
演化的过程永不停止。
recede [rɪˈsiːd]
re + cede → back + go
v. 后退，衰退，减弱
After the typhoon, the flood waters gradually receded.
台风过后，洪水逐渐退去。
recess [rɪˈses]
re + cess → back + go
n. 休会，休息；壁凹，深处
The judge called a recess.
法官宣布休庭。
successive [səkˈsesɪv]
suc + cess + ive → after + go + 形容词字尾
adj. 连续的，接连的
Our team has won the championship for the fifth successive year.
我们队伍连续第五年赢得冠军。
successor [səkˈsesə(r)]
suc + cess + or → after + go + person
n. 继承人，继任者
Who was Caesar’s successor?
凯撒的继承人是谁？
字根：grad(gress) = step 步，走
graduate [ˈɡrædʒuət / ˈɡrædʒueɪt]
grad(u) + ate → step + 动词字尾
n. 毕业生；v. 毕业；adj. 研究生的
I graduated last year.
我去年毕业了。
aggressive [əˈɡresɪv]
ad + gress + ive → toward + step + 形容词字尾
adj. 好斗的，侵略性的，积极进取的
The candidate launched an aggressive campaign, determined to win a seat.
候选人展开积极竞选，决心赢得席位。
degrading [dɪˈɡreɪdɪŋ]
de + grad + ing → down + step + 形容词字尾
adj. 丢脸的，侮辱人格的
The clerk found it degrading when her boss sent her out to buy cigarettes.
店员觉得老板叫她出去买烟很丢脸。
digress [daɪˈɡres]
di + gress → apart + step
v. 离题，岔开话题
The lecturer made so many digressions that he couldn’t finish on time.
演讲者离题太多，最后没能按时讲完。
gradient [ˈɡreɪdiənt]
grad(i) + ent → step + 名词字尾
n. 坡度，斜率，梯度
The road leads up the mountain at a steep gradient.
这条上山的路坡度很陡。
upgrade [ˌʌpˈɡreɪd]
up + grade → up + step
v./n. 升级，提升，改善
A computer requires a major upgrade every three years.
电脑大约每三年需要大幅升级一次。
字根：linqu(lict) = leave 离开，留下
relinquish [rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ]
re + linqu + ish → back + leave + 动词字尾
v. 放弃，交出，让出
The court ordered him to relinquish custody of his child.
法院命令他放弃孩子的监护权。
delinquent [dɪˈlɪŋkwənt]
de + linqu + ent → away + leave + 形容词字尾
adj. 怠忽职守的，有过失的；n. 少年犯
In the army, all delinquent behavior will be severely punished.
军队里所有怠忽职守的行为都会受到严厉处罚。
derelict [ˈderəlɪkt]
de + re + lict → away + back + leave
adj. 被遗弃的，破旧的，玩忽职守的
There’s a derelict old building down the street.
街尾有一栋废弃的旧楼。
relic [ˈrelɪk]
re + lic → back + leave
n. 遗迹，遗物，遗产
The archeologist found some relics from the Stone Age.
考古学家发现了一些石器时代的遗物。
字根：err = wander 漫游，偏离
erratic [ɪˈrætɪk]
err + atic → wander + 形容词字尾
adj. 不稳定的，不规则的，古怪的
The young artist keeps erratic hours.
这位年轻艺术家作息很不规律。
aberrant [æˈberənt]
ab + err + ant → away + wander + 形容词字尾
adj. 异常的，偏离常规的
The psychologist specializes in aberrant behavior.
这位心理学家专门研究异常行为。
errand [ˈerənd]
err + and → wander + 名词字尾
n. 差事，跑腿，任务
I have no time to run errands for you.
我没时间帮你跑腿办事。
erroneous [ɪˈrəʊniəs]
err + oneous → wander + 形容词字尾
adj. 错误的，不正确的
The news article is filled with erroneous information.
这篇新闻报道充满错误信息。
字根：vad(vas) = go 走
invade [ɪnˈveɪd]
in + vade → in + go
v. 入侵，侵略，涌入
The U.S. twice invaded Iraq.
美国两次入侵伊拉克。
evade [ɪˈveɪd]
e + vade → out + go
v. 逃避，躲避，回避
Just give me an answer and stop evading the question.
给我一个答案，别再回避问题。
deviate [ˈdiːvieɪt]
de + via + ate → away + way + 动词字尾
v. 偏离，背离，越轨
Recent weather patterns deviate from the norm for this time of year.
最近的天气形态偏离了每年这个时候的常态。
convey [kənˈveɪ]
con + via + y → together + way + 动词字尾
v. 运送，传达，表达
They conveyed the goods by ship.
他们用船运送货物。
trifling [ˈtraɪflɪŋ]
tri + via + ling → three + way + 形容词字尾
adj. 微不足道的，不重要的
Deciding what you want to do for a living is no trifling matter.
决定以何为生可不是小事。
trivial [ˈtrɪviəl]
tri + via + al → three + way + 形容词字尾
adj. 琐碎的，不重要的
Let’s not worry about trivial problems now.
我们现在别为琐碎问题烦恼。
obviate [ˈɒbvieɪt]
ob + via + ate → against + way + 动词字尾
v. 排除，避免，消除
The new treatment obviates the need for surgery.
这种新疗法免去了手术的必要。
via [ˈvaɪə]
via → way
prep. 通过，经由
I’ll let her know via one of our friends.
我会通过我们共同的朋友转告她。
字根：cis = cut 切，割
concise [kənˈsaɪs]
con + cise → intensifier + cut
adj. 简洁的，简明的
This is a concise English-Chinese dictionary.
这是一本简明英汉词典。
indecisive [ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv]
in + de + cis + ive → not + away + cut + 形容词字尾
adj. 犹豫不决的，不果断的
Critics say Hamlet has an indecisive character.
评论家认为哈姆雷特性格优柔寡断。
precision [prɪˈsɪʒn]
pre + cis + ion → before + cut + 名词字尾
n. 精确，精准；adj. 精密的
Precision is of utmost importance while one tunes up a piano.
调钢琴时，精准度至关重要。
字根：sect(seg) = cut 切，分割
section [ˈsekʃn]
sect + ion → cut + 名词字尾
n. 部分，区域，章节
This section of the road has not been paved over yet.
这段路还没铺路面。
bisect [baɪˈsekt]
bi + sect → two + cut
v. 平分，分为两半
The river Seine bisects the city of Paris.
塞纳河穿过巴黎市，将其一分为二。
intersection [ˌɪntəˈsekʃn]
inter + sect + ion → between + cut + 名词字尾
n. 十字路口，交叉点
This is a busy intersection.
这是个繁忙的十字路口。
sector [ˈsektə(r)]
sect + or → cut + 名词字尾
n. 部门，领域，扇形
The service sector is now employing more workers than the manufacturing sector.
服务业现在聘用的员工比制造业还多。
segment [ˈseɡmənt]
seg + ment → cut + 名词字尾
n. 部分，片段，段
The population segment from 50 to 59 comprises prime customers for the high-end market segment.
50到59岁这个族群是高端市场的主要客群。
字根：her(hes) = stick 黏，坚持
adhere [ədˈhɪə(r)]
ad + here → to + stick
v. 黏附，遵守，坚持
The stamp failed to adhere to the envelope.
邮票没能粘在信封上。
coherent [kəʊˈhɪərənt]
co + her + ent → together + stick + 形容词字尾
adj. 连贯的，条理清晰的，一致的
The coherent argument convinced the jury.
条理清晰的论证说服了陪审团。
cohesion [kəʊˈhiːʒn]
co + hes + ion → together + stick + 名词字尾
n. 凝聚力，团结，内聚力
Rewarding individuals may break the cohesion in the group.
奖励个人可能会破坏团队的凝聚力。
hereditary [həˈredɪtri]
her + editary → stick + 形容词字尾
adj. 遗传的，世袭的
Eye color is a hereditary trait.
眼睛颜色是遗传特征。
hesitate [ˈhezɪteɪt]
hes + itate → stick + 动词字尾
v. 犹豫，踌躇，迟疑
She hesitated before opening the door to the salesman.
她在给推销员开门前犹豫了一下。
inherent [ɪnˈhɪərənt]
in + her + ent → in + stick + 形容词字尾
adj. 内在的，固有的，与生俱来的
These aborigines have an inherent concept of justice.
这些原住民有与生俱来的正义观。
字根：junct(join) = join 连接，联合
joint [dʒɔɪnt]
joint → join
n. 关节，接合处；adj. 共同的，联合的
The tennis player injured his elbow joint.
这位网球选手肘关节受伤了。
adjoining [əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ]
ad + join + ing → to + join + 形容词字尾
adj. 相邻的，毗邻的
The two couples checked into adjoining hotel rooms.
两对夫妻住进了相邻的酒店房间。
junction [ˈdʒʌŋkʃn]
junct + ion → join + 名词字尾
n. 连接点，交叉路口，汇合处
The town is located at the junction of two railroads.
这座小镇位于两条铁路的交汇处。
juncture [ˈdʒʌŋktʃə(r)]
junct + ure → join + 名词字尾
n. 时刻，关头，接合点
At this juncture it appears they are going to get a divorce.
在这个关头，看来他们要离婚了。
字根：opt = choose 选择
adopt [əˈdɒpt]
ad + opt → to + choose
v. 采用，采纳，收养
I’m glad the manager has adopted my suggestion.
我很高兴经理采纳了我的建议。
opt [ɒpt]
opt → choose
v. 选择，抉择
In the election the people opted for change.
在这次选举中，人民选择了改变。
option [ˈɒpʃn]
opt + ion → choose + 名词字尾
n. 选择，选项，选择权
I don’t like manual work, but I don’t have many options.
我不喜欢体力活，但我没什么选择。
字根：lect(leg, lig) = choose, gather 选择，收集
eligible [ˈelɪdʒəbl]
e + lig + ible → out + choose + able
adj. 合格的，有资格的，合适的
All citizens over 20 are eligible to vote.
所有年满20岁的公民都有投票资格。
eclectic [ɪˈklektɪk]
ec + lect + ic → out + choose + 形容词字尾
adj. 兼收并蓄的，折衷的，多元化的
A nation of immigrants, the U.S. has an eclectic culture.
美国是移民国家，拥有多元融合的文化。
elite [eɪˈliːt]
e + lect → out + choose
n. 精英，精华，上层人士
Doctors and lawyers are social elites.
医生和律师是社会精英。
illegible [ɪˈledʒəbl]
il + leg + ible → not + choose + able
adj. 难以辨认的，模糊不清的
The rain-soaked letter is quite illegible.
被雨水浸湿的信几乎无法辨认。
intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl]
inter + lect + ual → between + choose + 形容词字尾
adj. 智力的，理智的；n. 知识分子
Intellectual development is as important as physical development.
智力发展与体能发展同样重要。
intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]
inter + lig + ence → between + choose + 名词字尾
n. 智力，智慧，情报
My kid brother is a child of extraordinary intelligence.
我弟弟是个绝顶聪明的孩子。
legend [ˈledʒənd]
leg + end → speak + 名词字尾
n. 传奇，传说，传奇人物
The war hero’s exploits have become legend.
这位战争英雄的英勇事迹已成传奇。
predilection [ˌpriːdɪˈlekʃn]
pre + dis + lect + ion → before + apart + choose + 名词字尾
n. 偏好，偏爱，嗜好
Mozart had an obvious predilection for music.
莫扎特明显偏爱音乐。
字根：cern(cret, crit) = sift, separate 区分，筛选
criterion [kraɪˈtɪəriən]
crit + erion → sift + 名词字尾
n. 标准，准则，规范
What were the criteria used to choose the winner?
挑选获胜者所用的标准是什么？
critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl]
crit + ical → sift + 形容词字尾
adj. 批评的，关键的，危急的
The paper presents a critical analysis of the government’s strategies.
这篇论文对政府策略提出批判性分析。
descry [dɪˈskraɪ]
de + scry → apart + sift
v. 看见，望见，辨认出
They could just descry the ship coming over the horizon.
他们勉强能看见船从地平线驶来。
discernment [dɪˈsɜːnmənt]
dis + cern + ment → apart + sift + 名词字尾
n. 洞察力，眼光，识别力
His lack of discernment led to his disastrous choice of business partners.
他缺乏眼光，导致选错商业伙伴。
discreet [dɪˈskriːt]
dis + creet → apart + sift
adj. 谨慎的，慎重的，含蓄的
The private detective followed at a discreet distance.
私家侦探保持适当距离悄悄跟踪。
discrete [dɪˈskriːt]
dis + crete → apart + sift
adj. 分离的，互不相连的，独立的
Information on the Web is transferred in discrete packets.
网络信息以独立数据包传输。
discriminating [dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪtɪŋ]
dis + crimin + ating → apart + sift + 形容词字尾
adj. 有识别力的，有鉴赏力的；歧视的
Discriminating readers will know what the parody is about.
有鉴赏力的读者会明白这篇讽刺文在说什么。
secrete [sɪˈkriːt]
se + crete → apart + sift
v. 分泌；藏匿，隐藏
These cells secrete mucus to protect the nasal canal.
这些细胞分泌黏液保护鼻腔。
字根：ject(jet) = throw 投掷，投射
eject [ɪˈdʒekt]
e + ject → out + throw
v. 逐出，喷射，弹出
The drunken patron was ejected from the bar.
醉酒的顾客被赶出酒吧。
adjacent [əˈdʒeɪsnt]
ad + jac + ent → to + throw + 形容词字尾
adj. 邻近的，毗邻的
My car is at the adjacent garage for maintenance.
我的车在隔壁修理厂保养。
injection [ɪnˈdʒekʃn]
in + ject + ion → in + throw + 名词字尾
n. 注射，注入，投入
This drug is administered by injection.
这种药通过注射给药。
projectile [prəˈdʒektaɪl]
pro + ject + ile → forward + throw + 名词字尾
n. 抛射物，导弹，子弹
The cannon fired its projectile directly into its target.
大炮发射炮弹直接命中目标。
trajectory [trəˈdʒektəri]
trans + ject + ory → across + throw + 名词字尾
n. 轨迹，轨道，弹道
The trajectory of a Frisbee is rather different from that of a rock.
飞盘的飞行轨迹和石头大不相同。
字根：miss(mit) = send 发送，派遣
mission [ˈmɪʃn]
miss + ion → send + 名词字尾
n. 使命，任务，使团
The mission of the space probe was to explore Mars.
太空探测器的任务是探测火星。
emit [iˈmɪt]
e + mit → out + send
v. 发出，放射，排放
All living organisms emit heat, which can be picked up by infrared sensors.
所有生物都会发热，可被红外传感器侦测到。
intermission [ˌɪntəˈmɪʃn]
inter + miss + ion → between + send + 名词字尾
n. 间歇，中场休息，幕间休息
intermittent [ˌɪntəˈmɪtnt]
inter + mit + tent → between + send + 形容词字尾
adj. 间歇的，断断续续的
There was intermittent rain all night.
整晚都断断续续地下着雨。
permission [pəˈmɪʃn]
per + miss + ion → through + send + 名词字尾
n. 允许，许可
I have the author’s permission to quote from his article.
我得到作者许可，可以引用他的文章。
remit [rɪˈmɪt]
re + mit → back + send
v. 汇款；宽恕；缓解
The young man remits half his monthly salary to his parents back home.
这位年轻人每月把一半薪水汇给父母。
submit [səbˈmɪt]
sub + mit → under + send
v. 提交；屈服
You must submit your application package before the deadline.
你必须在截止日期前提交申请材料。
transmit [trænsˈmɪt]
trans + mit → across + send
v. 传输；传播；发送
Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes.
疟疾由蚊子传播。
字根：ques(quer, quis, quest) = seek 寻求，询问
inquire [ɪnˈkwaɪə(r)]
in + quire → in + seek
v. 询问；调查
I’m calling to inquire about your new product.
我打电话来询问你们的新产品。
acquisition [ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn]
ad + quis + ition → to + seek + 名词字尾
n. 取得；获得；并购
The MBA student is interested in mergers and acquisitions.
这位MBA学生对企业并购感兴趣。
conquer [ˈkɒŋkə(r)]
con + quer → intensifier + seek
v. 征服；攻克
Alexander the Great conquered most of the Western world.
亚历山大大帝征服了大半西方世界。
exquisite [ˈekskwɪzɪt]
ex + quis + ite → intensifier + seek + 形容词字尾
adj. 精美的；精致的
I bought an exquisite crystal figurine at the gift shop.
我在礼品店买了一个精美的水晶雕像。
prerequisite [ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt]
pre + re + quis + ite → before + again + seek + 形容词字尾
n. 先决条件；前提
To study in the U.S., a sufficient command of the English language is a prerequisite.
去美国留学，熟练掌握英语是先决条件。
quest [kwest]
quest → seek
n. 追求；探索
The young man went to the big city in quest of fame and wealth.
年轻人到大城市去追名逐利。
字根：doct(doc, dog, dox) = teach 教
docile [ˈdəʊsaɪl]
doc + ile → teach + 形容词字尾
adj. 温顺的；听话的
He is a docile pupil.
他是个听话的学生。
dogmatism [ˈdɒɡmətɪzəm]
dog + matism → teach + 名词字尾
n. 教条主义；武断
Those fundamentalists have a culture of dogmatism and fanaticism.
那些原教旨主义者的文化充满教条与狂热。
orthodoxy [ˈɔːθədɒksi]
ortho + dox + y → right + teach + 名词字尾
n. 正统；正统观念
I was surprised by the orthodoxy of her political views.
我对她政治观点的正统感到意外。
paradox [ˈpærədɒks]
para + dox → contrary + teach
n. 悖论；自相矛盾的事
There’s a simple explanation behind the apparent paradox.
这个看似矛盾的现象背后有简单解释。
字根：put = consider 思考，考虑
disputatious [ˌdɪspjuˈteɪʃəs]
dis + put + atious → apart + consider + 形容词字尾
adj. 好争论的
Those disputatious academicians are always arguing.
那些好辩的学者总是争论不休。
indisputable [ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbl]
in + dis + put + able → not + apart + consider + able
adj. 无可争辩的；不容置疑的
There is indisputable proof that the suspect is guilty.
有确凿证据证明嫌犯有罪。
repudiate [rɪˈpjuːdieɪt]
re + pud + iate → against + consider + 动词字尾
v. 否认；驳斥；拒绝
The defendant repudiated all the allegations.
被告否认所有指控。
repute [rɪˈpjuːt]
re + pute → back + consider
n. 名声；名誉
I know a repair shop of good repute.
我知道一家信誉良好的修理店。
字根：prob(prov) = prove, test 证明，测试
approbation [ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn]
ad + prob + ation → to + prove + 名词字尾
n. 认可；赞许；批准
Their hard work deserves approbation.
他们的辛勤工作值得赞许。
improbable [ɪmˈprɒbəbl]
im + prob + able → not + prove + able
adj. 不大可能的
The team made an improbable comeback.
这支队伍实现了不可思议的逆转。
probity [ˈprəʊbəti]
prob + ity → prove + 名词字尾
n. 正直；廉洁；诚实
The judge is a person of indisputable probity.
这位法官的正直毋庸置疑。
reprobate [ˈreprəbeɪt]
re + prob + ate → against + prove + 动词字尾
v. 斥责；adj. 堕落的；n. 恶棍
The columnist reprobated the laxity of the age.
专栏作家斥责这个时代的道德松弛。
字根：nomin(onym) = name 名字
nominate [ˈnɒmɪneɪt]
nomin + ate → name + 动词字尾
v. 提名；任命
The winner in the primaries will be nominated as the party’s Presidential candidate.
初选胜者将被提名为该党总统候选人。
ignominious [ˌɪɡnəˈmɪniəs]
ig + nomin + ious → not + name + 形容词字尾
adj. 不名誉的；可耻的
The investigation ended in the chairman’s ignominious abdication.
调查以主席耻辱下台告终。
misnomer [ˌmɪsˈnəʊmə(r)]
mis + nomer → wrong + name
n. 误称；名不副实
“Grand Hotel” is a complete misnomer for that cheap place.
那家廉价旅馆叫“大饭店”完全名不副实。
nominal [ˈnɒmɪnl]
nomin + al → name + 形容词字尾
adj. 名义上的；象征性的
The British monarch serves as nominal head of state.
英国君主是名义上的国家元首。
pseudonym [ˈsuːdənɪm]
pseudo + onym → false + name
n. 笔名；假名
Many authors like to use pseudonyms.
许多作家喜欢用笔名。
Leda and the Swan 丽达与天鹅
You may have seen a painting or sculpture of a woman holding a swan in a cordial embrace.
你可能见过一幅画或一座雕塑，描绘一位女子热情拥抱着天鹅。
If you are a connoisseur of art, you will know that it is a version of Leda and the Swan.
如果你是艺术行家，就会知道这是《丽达与天鹅》的一个版本。
Such masters as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rubens, Cezanne and Dali have each exercised their creative faculties to produce at least one variation of the theme to commemorate the affair.
达·芬奇、米开朗基罗、鲁本斯、塞尚、达利等大师都曾发挥创造力，以此主题创作至少一幅作品来纪念这段故事。
Leda was the probably fictitious Queen of Sparta, and the swan was Zeus the conqueror himself in disguise.
丽达可能是虚构的斯巴达王后，而天鹅是征服者宙斯的化身。
In Greco-Roman mythology, Zeus the sky god was an energetic male who had a predilection for extramarital affairs.
在希腊罗马神话中，天神宙斯精力充沛，偏好婚外情。
Western women like to get married in June, because that puts their marriages under the efficacious protection of Juno.
西方女性喜欢六月结婚，因为婚姻会得到朱诺女神的有效庇佑。
Helen grew up to be the most beautiful woman ever-hers was the face that “launched a thousand ships.”
海伦长大后成为绝世美人，正是她的容颜“启动了千艘战船”。
The two epics have preserved the quintessence of classical learning for Western intellectuals.
这两部史诗为西方知识分子保存了古典文化的精髓。
字根：solu(solv) = loosen 松开，解开
absolve [əbˈzɒlv]
ab + solve → away + loosen
v. 赦免；免除；免责
The result of the investigation absolved the accused of all charges.
调查结果免除了被告所有罪名。
dissolve [dɪˈzɒlv]
dis + solve → apart + loosen
v. 溶解；解散；解除
Sugar dissolves in hot water faster than in cold water.
糖在热水中比在冷水中溶解得快。
resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn]
re + solu + tion → back + loosen + 名词字尾
n. 解决；决心；分辨率
We found a resolution to the dispute.
我们找到了解决争端的办法。
resolve [rɪˈzɒlv]
re + solve → back + loosen
v. 解决；决心；n. 决心
The brothers finally resolved their conflict.
兄弟俩最终化解了矛盾。
solvent [ˈsɒlvənt]
solv + ent → loosen + 形容词字尾
adj. 有偿付能力的；n. 溶剂
The company stayed solvent by selling off a branch.
公司通过出售分部维持偿付能力。
字根：lax = loose 松的
lax [læks]
lax → loose
adj. 松懈的；不严格的
The university has been lax about enforcing these rules.
这所大学在执行这些规定上一直很松懈。
languid [ˈlæŋɡwɪd]
lang + uid → loose + 形容词字尾
adj. 倦怠的；无精打采的
It was a hot, languid summer day.
那是个炎热慵懒的夏日。
lassitude [ˈlæsɪtjuːd]
lass + itude → loose + 名词字尾
n. 疲乏；无力；无精打采
Symptoms of the disease include paleness and lassitude.
此病症状包括脸色苍白与全身乏力。
slake [sleɪk]
slake → loose
v. 解渴；平息；满足
This lemonade will slake your thirst.
这杯柠檬水可以帮你解渴。
字根：strain(stress) = tighten 拉紧，紧绷
strain [streɪn]
strain → tighten
n. 压力；负担；v. 拉紧；滥用
The new manager is under a lot of strain.
新任经理压力很大。
distress [dɪˈstres]
dis + stress → apart + tighten
n. 痛苦；危难；v. 使忧伤
The student showed signs of distress after he failed in the important exam.
这名学生在重要考试失利后表现出痛苦。
restrain [rɪˈstreɪn]
re + strain → back + tighten
v. 抑制；约束；制止
You should restrain yourself at those all-you-can-eat restaurants.
去自助餐厅你应该有所节制。
restraint [rɪˈstreɪnt]
re + strain + t → back + tighten + 名词字尾
n. 克制，约束，抑制
Under criticism, the man showed great restraint and kept silent.
受到批评，此人表现出极大的自制，保持沉默。
restrict [rɪˈstrɪkt]
re + strict → back + tighten
v. 限制，约束，限定
Under the curfew, freedom of movement in and out of the city is restricted.
由于宵禁，进出城市的行动自由受到限制。
strangle [ˈstræŋɡl]
strang + le → tighten + 动词字尾
v. 勒死，扼死，使窒息
The postmortem reveals that the woman was strangled to death.
验尸结果显示这名女子是被勒死的。
strict [strɪkt]
strict → tighten
adj. 严格的，严厉的，严谨的
Ms. Lin is a strict teacher who made a lot of stringent rules.
林女士是位严格的老师，制定了许多严苛的规定。
字根：tend(tens, tenu) = stretch 伸展，拉长
tension [ˈtenʃn]
tens + ion → stretch + 名词字尾
n. 紧张，张力，压力
Some insects make use of surface tension and walk on water.
有些昆虫利用表面张力在水面行走。
attenuate [əˈtenjueɪt]
ad + tenu + ate → to + stretch + 动词字尾
v. 减弱，稀释，变细；adj. 稀薄的
Earplugs will attenuate the loud sounds of the machinery.
耳塞可以减弱机器的巨大噪音。
extension [ɪkˈstenʃn]
ex + tens + ion → out + stretch + 名词字尾
n. 延伸，延长，延期
Without an extension, the contract will be terminated at the end of the year.
若不延期，合同将在年底终止。
intense [ɪnˈtens]
in + tense → in + stretch
adj. 强烈的，紧张的，非常的
The injury caused her to feel intense pain.
伤势让她感到剧烈疼痛。
tend [tend]
tend → stretch
v. 照料，护理；倾向于，往往会
Who tends the garden for you?
谁帮你照料花园？
tender [ˈtendə(r)]
tend + er → stretch + 形容词字尾
adj. 温柔的，嫩的；v. 提出，投标
The tough man turns out to have a tender heart.
这位强悍的男子内心却很温柔。
tenuous [ˈtenjuəs]
tenu + ous → stretch + 形容词字尾
adj. 纤细的，稀薄的，薄弱的
You can easily exhaust yourself in the high mountains because of the tenuous air.
高山上空气稀薄，很容易让人疲惫。
字根：frag(frang, fract) = break 打破，破碎
fragment [ˈfræɡmənt]
frag + ment → break + 名词字尾
n. 碎片，片段；v. 破碎，分裂
Fragments of the broken vase covered the floor.
破碎花瓶的碎片散落一地。
diffract [dɪˈfrækt]
dif + fract → apart + break
v. 衍射，折射，分散
The colors of the rainbow are the result of water droplets diffracting light.
彩虹的颜色是水滴使光线衍射的结果。
fraction [ˈfrækʃn]
fract + ion → break + 名词字尾
n. 分数，小部分，片段
Students will benefit if a fraction of the defense budget is reallocated for education.
若将部分国防预算转投教育，学生将受益。
fracture [ˈfræktʃə(r)]
fract + ure → break + 名词字尾
n. 骨折，破裂；v. 破裂，折断
The man suffered multiple bone fractures in the accident.
此人在事故中多处骨折。
fragile [ˈfrædʒaɪl]
frag + ile → break + 形容词字尾
adj. 易碎的，脆弱的，易损坏的
The sign says “Fragile. Handle with care.”
标签写着：易碎品，小心轻放。
frail [freɪl]
fra + il → break + 形容词字尾
adj. 虚弱的，脆弱的，易碎的
The patient is still too frail to walk.
病人仍然太虚弱，无法行走。
infringe [ɪnˈfrɪndʒ]
in + fringe → in + break
v. 侵犯，违反，侵害
This product clearly infringes a patent held by our company.
该产品明显侵犯了本公司的专利。
字根：rupt = break 破裂，打破
disrupt [dɪsˈrʌpt]
dis + rupt → apart + break
v. 扰乱，打断，使破裂
The negotiation was disrupted when protestors started throwing eggs.
抗议者开始扔鸡蛋，谈判被迫中断。
abrupt [əˈbrʌpt]
ab + rupt → away + break
adj. 突然的，意外的，唐突的
You should avoid any abrupt movements on the little boat.
在小船上要避免任何突然的动作。
bankruptcy [ˈbæŋkrʌptsi]
bank + rupt + cy → bank + break + 名词字尾
n. 破产，倒闭，无偿付能力
The company went from insolvency to bankruptcy.
这家公司从资不抵债走向破产。
corruption [kəˈrʌpʃn]
cor + rupt + ion → intensifier + break + 名词字尾
n. 腐败，贪污，堕落
The biggest problem now is widespread corruption among government officials.
目前最大的问题是政府官员普遍腐败。
erupt [ɪˈrʌpt]
e + rupt → out + break
v. 爆发，喷发，突然发生
Violence erupted when the two crowds came to the same square.
两群人来到同一广场，暴力事件爆发。
字根：struct(stroy) = build 建造，建立
construction [kənˈstrʌkʃn]
con + struct + ion → together + build + 名词字尾
n. 建造，建设，建筑物
Construction ahead. Please detour.
前方施工，请绕行。
deconstruct [ˌdiːkənˈstrʌkt]
de + con + struct → not + together + build
v. 解构，拆解，分析
The feminist article deconstructs the myth that men and women are born different.
这篇女性主义文章解构了男女天生不同的迷思。
destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ]
de + stroy → not + build
v. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭
An earthquake destroyed most of the city.
地震摧毁了这座城市的大部分地区。
instrument [ˈɪnstrəmənt]
in + stru + ment → in + build + 名词字尾
n. 仪器，工具，乐器
Do you play any musical instruments?
你会演奏什么乐器吗？
misconstrue [ˌmɪskənˈstruː]
mis + con + strue → wrong + together + build
v. 误解，曲解，误会
Do not misconstrue my caution as cowardice.
别把我的谨慎曲解为懦弱。
obstruct [əbˈstrʌkt]
ob + struct → against + build
v. 阻碍，妨碍，阻挡
The car was towed away because it was obstructing traffic.
这辆车因阻碍交通被拖走。
reconstruct [ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt]
re + con + struct → again + together + build
v. 重建，重构，复原
The investigators tried to reconstruct the crime scene.
调查人员试图还原犯罪现场。
superstructure [ˈsuːpəstrʌktʃə(r)]
super + struct + ure → over + build + 名词字尾
n. 上层建筑，上部结构
The superstructure of the building is completely made of steel and glass.
这栋大楼的上部结构完全由钢材和玻璃建成。
字根：bell = war 战争，战斗
rebellious [rɪˈbeljəs]
re + bell + ious → against + war + 形容词字尾
adj. 叛逆的，反抗的，难控制的
The rebellious troops are marching on the capital.
叛军正向首都进军。
bellicose [ˈbelɪkəʊs]
bell + icose → war + 形容词字尾
adj. 好战的，好斗的，挑衅的
Those bellicose hockey players always seem to be fighting.
那些好斗的冰球运动员似乎总在打架。
belligerent [bəˈlɪdʒərənt]
bell(i) + ger + ent → war + carry + 形容词字尾
adj. 交战的，好斗的；n. 交战国，斗殴者
The man was drunk and belligerent.
此人醉酒且寻衅滋事。
字根：flict = strike 打击，击打
conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt]
con + flict → together + strike
n. 冲突，矛盾，斗争；v. 冲突，抵触
Artists often come into conflict with politicians.
艺术家常常与政客发生冲突。
afflict [əˈflɪkt]
ad + flict → to + strike
v. 折磨，使痛苦，使苦恼
The old woman was afflicted with arthritis.
老妇人饱受关节炎折磨。
inflict [ɪnˈflɪkt]
in + flict → in + strike
v. 使遭受，给予（打击），施加
The bullet was designed to inflict pain only.
这种子弹的设计目的只是造成疼痛。
字根：noc(nox) = harm 伤害，损害
innocuous [ɪˈnɒkjuəs]
in + noc + uous → not + harm + 形容词字尾
adj. 无害的，无意冒犯的，平淡的
noxious [ˈnɒkʃəs]
nox(i) + ous → harm + 形容词字尾
adj. 有害的，有毒的，恶臭的
The factory was fined for discharging noxious effluents into the river.
这家工厂因向河流排放有毒废水被罚款。
pernicious [pəˈnɪʃəs]
per + nic + ious → intensifier + harm + 形容词字尾
adj. 有害的，恶性的，致命的
She thinks television has a pernicious influence on our children.
她认为电视对孩子有不良影响。
字根：cand(cend) = white, fire 白，火，发光
candid [ˈkændɪd]
cand + id → white + 形容词字尾
adj. 坦白的，直率的，坦诚的
He was quite candid about his past.
他对自己的过去非常坦诚。
incandescent [ˌɪnkænˈdesnt]
in + cand + escent → in + fire + 形容词字尾
adj. 炽热的，发光的，才华横溢的
The poet laureate captivated the audience with his incandescent wit.
桂冠诗人以其卓越的才智征服了听众。
incendiary [ɪnˈsendiəri]
in + cend + iary → in + fire + 形容词字尾
adj. 纵火的，煽动的；n. 纵火犯，煽动者
The plane dropped an incendiary bomb on the city.
飞机向这座城市投掷了燃烧弹。
incensed [ɪnˈsenst]
in + cens + ed → in + fire + 形容词字尾
adj. 愤怒的，被激怒的
She was incensed about the billionaires monopolizing all the perks.
她对亿万富豪垄断所有好处感到愤怒。
incentive [ɪnˈsentɪv]
in + cent + ive → in + fire + 名词字尾
n. 激励，动机，刺激；adj. 激励的
The government has imposed special tax incentives to encourage spending.
政府推出特别税收优惠以鼓励消费。
字根：vict(vince) = conquer 征服，战胜
convict [kənˈvɪkt]
con + vict → intensifier + conquer
v. 定罪，证明有罪；n. 罪犯，囚犯
The man was convicted of burglary and sent to jail.
此人被判入室盗窃罪，送入监狱。
convince [kənˈvɪns]
con + vince → intensifier + conquer
v. 说服，使确信，使信服
The lawyer convinced the jury that his client was innocent.
律师说服陪审团相信他的当事人无罪。
evict [ɪˈvɪkt]
e + vict → out + conquer
v. 驱逐，赶出，逐出
The landlord had the tenant evicted because the latter never paid any rent.
房东把房客赶走，因为房客从未付过房租。
invincible [ɪnˈvɪnsəbl]
in + vinc + ible → not + conquer + able
adj. 不可战胜的，无敌的，不屈不挠的
Spain sent an invincible fleet to conquer England, but the fleet perished in a storm.
西班牙派出无敌舰队征服英国，却在风暴中覆灭。
vanquish [ˈvæŋkwɪʃ]
vanqu + ish → conquer + 动词字尾
v. 征服，击败，克服
We shall vanquish the foe.
我们必将战胜敌人。
字根：reg = rule 统治，管理，规则
regime [reɪˈʒiːm]
reg + ime → rule + 名词字尾
n. 政权，政体，管理制度
The autocrat’s regime didn’t last long.
这位独裁者的政权没维持多久。
regal [ˈriːɡl]
reg + al → rule + 形容词字尾
adj. 帝王的，庄严的，豪华的
The lion is called the king of beasts because of its regal look.
狮子因威严的外表被称为百兽之王。
reign [reɪn]
reign → rule
v. 统治，支配；n. 统治时期，王朝
The British monarch reigns but does not rule.
英国君主统而不治。
royal [ˈrɔɪəl]
roy + al → rule + 形容词字尾
adj. 皇家的，盛大的，高贵的
The British royal family is a symbol of stability and continuity.
英国皇室是稳定与延续的象征。
sovereignty [ˈsɒvrənti]
super + reign + ty → over + rule + 名词字尾
n. 主权，统治权，独立国
Britain and Argentina fought a war over the sovereignty of the Falklands.
英国与阿根廷为福克兰群岛主权开战。
字根：dom(dem) = house, lord 家，主人，统治
dominate [ˈdɒmɪneɪt]
domin + ate → lord + 动词字尾
v. 支配，控制，主宰，占优势
Operating systems of this company dominate the market.
这家公司的操作系统主导市场。
domain [dəˈmeɪn]
dom + ain → house + 名词字尾
n. 领域，范围，领土，域名
His is a respected name in the domain of science.
他在科学界是受人尊敬的名字。
domestic [dəˈmestɪk]
dom + estic → house + 形容词字尾
adj. 家庭的，国内的，驯养的；n. 佣人，家仆
Women still do most of the domestic chores.
大部分家务仍然由女性承担。
domineering [ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ]
domin + eering → lord + 形容词字尾
adj. 专横的，盛气凌人的，跋扈的
He can never be happy with that domineering wife of his.
他娶了个跋扈的妻子，永远不会幸福。
indomitable [ɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl]
in + domit + able → not + lord + able
adj. 不屈不挠的，勇敢的，不可征服的
The man’s indomitable will helped him overcome all obstacles.
此人不屈不挠的意志帮他克服了所有障碍。
字根：sanct(secr) = sacred 神圣的，庄严的
sanctuary [ˈsæŋktʃuəri]
sanctu + ary → sacred + 名词字尾
n. 圣所，避难所，庇护所
The refugees found sanctuary when they crossed the border.
难民越过边境后找到了避难所。
desecrate [ˈdesɪkreɪt]
de + secr + ate → not + sacred + 动词字尾
v. 亵渎，玷污，冒犯
Hooligans desecrated the temple.
流氓亵渎了这座寺庙。
sacrosanct [ˈsækrəʊsæŋkt]
sacr + o + sanct → sacred + sacred
adj. 神圣不可侵犯的，极神圣的
The tradition is regarded as sacrosanct.
这项传统被视为神圣不可侵犯。
sanction [ˈsæŋkʃn]
sanct + ion → sacred + 名词字尾
v./n. 批准；认可；制裁
The UN sanctioned nations harboring terrorism.
联合国制裁包庇恐怖主义的国家。
The soldiers’ conduct did not have the king’s sanction.
这些士兵的行为没有得到国王的批准。
The king did not sanction their conduct.
国王并未批准他们的行为。
sanctity [ˈsæŋktəti]
sanct + ity → sacred + 名词字尾
n. 神圣；尊严；不可侵犯性
The sanctity of the elderly nun demands respect.
这位老修女的神圣尊严理应受到尊重。
字根：graph(gram) = write 写，文字，画
autobiography [ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi]
auto + bio + graph + y → self + life + write + 名词字尾
n. 自传
I like to read autobiographies of famous people.
我喜欢读名人自传。
autograph [ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf]
auto + graph → self + write
n. 亲笔签名；v. 签名
“May I have your autograph?” asked the fan of the superstar.
“能给我签个名吗？”粉丝问这位巨星。
The superstar autographed her T-shirt.
巨星在她的T恤上签了名。
bibliography [ˌbɪbliˈɒɡrəfi]
biblio + graph + y → book + write + 名词字尾
n. 参考书目；文献目录
You must add a bibliography to your research paper.
你的研究论文必须附上参考书目。
diagram [ˈdaɪəɡræm]
dia + gram → across + write
n. 图表；图解；示意图
I couldn’t understand the diagrams in this report.
我看不懂这份报告里的图表。
graffiti [ɡrəˈfiːti]
graph + iti → write + 名词字尾
n. 涂鸦；墙上乱写乱画
A whole side of the building is covered with complicated graffiti.
大楼的整面墙都画满了复杂的涂鸦。
graphic [ˈɡræfɪk]
graph + ic → write + 形容词字尾
adj. 生动的；图像的；图解的
He gave us a graphic description of his near-death experience.
他向我们生动描述了那次濒死经历。
She illustrated her talk with graphics showing changes in unemployment rates.
她用图表说明失业率变化来辅助讲解。
This animation employs computer 3D graphics.
这部动画使用电脑3D绘图。
字根：scrib(script) = write 写，书写
scribble [ˈskrɪbl]
scrib + ble → write + 动词字尾
v. 潦草书写；乱涂；n. 潦草字迹
He scribbled a note and left it on his friend’s desk.
他草草写了张便条放在朋友桌上。
Your scribble is completely illegible!
你的字太潦草，我完全看不懂！
inscribe [ɪnˈskraɪb]
in + scribe → in + write
v. 刻；题写；铭刻
The inside of the ring was inscribed with the initials of the owner.
戒指内侧刻着主人的姓名首字母。
The inscriptions on the tombstone are worn out and faint.
墓碑上的碑文已磨损模糊。
manuscript [ˈmænjuskrɪpt]
manu + script → hand + write
n. 手稿；原稿；手抄本
The writer emailed the manuscript to her publisher.
作家把手稿用电子邮件发给出版商。
nondescript [ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt]
non + de + script → not + down + write
adj. 无特征的；平凡的；难以形容的
The witness could only say he saw a nondescript man in ordinary clothing.
目击者只能说他看到一个穿着普通、毫无特征的男子。
prescription [prɪˈskrɪpʃn]
pre + script + ion → before + write + 名词字尾
n. 处方；药方；对策；建议
You need a doctor’s prescription to buy this drug.
买这种药需要医生处方。
What are the prescriptions of the management consultants?
管理顾问们提出了什么建议？
scripture [ˈskrɪptʃə(r)]
script + ure → write + 名词字尾
n. 经文；经典；圣典
The scholar has thoroughly studied the important scriptures of Christianity and Islam.
这位学者深入研究了基督教与伊斯兰教的重要经典。
subscribe [səbˈskraɪb]
sub + scribe → under + write
v. 订阅；订购；署名；赞同
I subscribe to three different newspapers.
我订阅了三份不同的报纸。
I can’t say I subscribe to the ideas of this party.
我不能说我赞同这个政党的理念。
transcribe [trænˈskraɪb]
trans + scribe → across + write
v. 转录；抄写；改编
The secretary is transcribing the recording into typed text.
秘书正在把录音打成文字稿。
The symphony was transcribed from a piano piece.
这首交响曲是由一首钢琴曲改编而来。
You should include five academic transcripts in your application package.
你的申请文件要包含五份成绩单。
字根：aud = hear 听，听觉
audit [ˈɔːdɪt]
aud + it → hear + 动词字尾
v. 旁听；审计；核查；n. 审计；查账
Professor, I’d like to have your permission to audit the course.
教授，能不能允许我旁听这门课？
Three accountants are auditing the accounts of the company.
三名会计师正在审计公司账目。
The annual audit is usually held during the final week of the year.
年度审计通常在每年最后一周进行。
audition [ɔːˈdɪʃn]
aud + ition → hear + 名词字尾
n. 试镜；试唱；v. 试演
He hopes he can pass the audition.
他希望能顺利通过试镜。
The actor is auditioning for a role in the new film.
这位演员正在试镜，争取新片中的一个角色。
auditory [ˈɔːdətri]
aud + itory → hear + 形容词字尾
adj. 听觉的；耳朵的
Cats have a highly developed auditory sense.
猫的听觉非常发达。
inaudible [ɪnˈɔːdəbl]
in + aud + ible → not + hear + able
adj. 听不见的；微弱的
What he said was inaudible among the noises.
噪音中，他说的话根本听不见。
字根：dict = speak 说，言，命令
dictate [dɪkˈteɪt]
dict + ate → speak + 动词字尾
v. 口授；命令；支配；n. 命令；指令
After the war, the victorious nation dictated the terms of peace.
战后，战胜国强行规定了和平条款。
The manager dictated a letter to his secretary.
经理向秘书口授了一封信。
The brutal dictator was finally overthrown by the people.
残暴的独裁者最终被人民推翻。
addicted [əˈdɪktɪd]
ad + dict + ed → to + speak + 形容词字尾
adj. 上瘾的；沉迷的
The man was addicted to nicotine and found it impossible to quit.
此人对尼古丁上瘾，根本戒不掉。
The drug addict was sent to rehab.
那个吸毒成瘾的人被送去戒毒。
diction [ˈdɪkʃn]
dict + ion → speak + 名词字尾
n. 措辞；用语；发音
Hemingway is known for his precise diction.
海明威以用词精准著称。
indict [ɪnˈdaɪt]
in + dict → in + speak
v. 控告；起诉；告发
The man was indicted on murder charges.
此人被以谋杀罪名起诉。
malediction [ˌmælɪˈdɪkʃn]
mal + dict + ion → bad + speak + 名词字尾
n. 诅咒；咒骂；坏话
The old man heaped maledictions on his enemy.
老人对他的敌人大肆咒骂。
predict [prɪˈdɪkt]
pre + dict → before + speak
v. 预言；预测；预告
Astrologers predict all sorts of disasters, but few ever come true.
占星家预言各种灾难，但很少成真。
字根：fess(phet) = speak 说，承认
confess [kənˈfes]
con + fess → together + speak
v. 承认；坦白；忏悔
She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.
她向丈夫坦白卖掉了结婚戒指。
affable [ˈæfəbl]
ad + fab + able → to + speak + able
adj. 和蔼可亲的；友善的；易交谈的
The affable host mingled easily with the guests.
这位和蔼的主人与宾客们轻松打成一片。
emphasize [ˈemfəsaɪz]
em + phas + ize → make + speak + 动词字尾
v. 强调；着重；加强
You can use italics to emphasize a word or phrase in a sentence.
你可以用斜体字强调句子中的单词或短语。
euphemism [ˈjuːfəmɪzəm]
eu + phem + ism → good + speak + 名词字尾
n. 委婉语；婉言
The army uses “eliminate” as a euphemism for “kill.”
军队用“清除”作为“杀死”的委婉说法。
fabulous [ˈfæbjələs]
fab + ulous → speak + 形容词字尾
adj. 极好的；绝妙的；传说的
You look absolutely fabulous in this dress.
你穿这条裙子美极了！
profess [prəˈfes]
pro + fess → forward + speak
v. 宣称；公开表示；信奉
She professed not to be interested in money.
她声称对金钱不感兴趣。
prophetic [prəˈfetɪk]
pro + phet + ic → before + speak + 形容词字尾
adj. 预言的；预示的
You should heed the prophetic signs.
你应该留意那些预示性的征兆。
字根：ora(ori) = mouth, speak 嘴，说
oratory [ˈɒrətri]
ora + tory → mouth + 名词字尾
n. 演讲术；雄辩；祈祷室
He whipped the crowd up into a frenzy with his oratory.
他以慷慨激昂的演讲煽动群众陷入狂热。
orifice [ˈɒrɪfɪs]
ori + fic + e → mouth + make + 名词字尾
n. 孔；口；洞口
The driver was bleeding from every orifice.
司机七窍流血。
字根：loqu, log = speak, word 说，话
colloquial [kəˈləʊkwiəl]
col + loqu + ial → together + speak + 形容词字尾
adj. 口语的；通俗的；会话的
You should avoid colloquial expressions in formal writing.
正式写作中应避免口语化表达。
anthropology [ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi]
anthropo + log + y → man + word + 名词字尾
n. 人类学
The professor of anthropology is conducting a project in the Amazon jungle.
这位人类学教授正在亚马逊丛林进行研究项目。
elocution [ˌeləˈkjuːʃn]
e + locu + tion → out + speak + 名词字尾
n. 演说术；雄辩；朗诵法
The art of elocution teaches you to be eloquent.
演说术教会你雄辩。
geology [dʒiˈɒlədʒi]
geo + log + y → earth + word + 名词字尾
n. 地质学
Geological evidence shows that this mountain was once under the sea.
地质证据表明这座山曾经在海底。
logo [ˈlɒɡəʊ]
log + o → word + 名词字尾
n. 标志；商标；徽标
The company logo was the work of a famous designer.
公司的标志出自名家之手。
loquacious [ləˈkweɪʃəs]
loqu + acious → speak + 形容词字尾
adj. 多话的；喋喋不休的
The loquacious man went on for two hours without stop.
这个健谈的男人滔滔不绝讲了两个小时。
magniloquent [mæɡˈnɪləkwənt]
magn + i + loqu + ent → great + speak + 形容词字尾
adj. 夸张的；夸大的；华而不实的
I’m tired of your magniloquent boasts.
我听腻了你那些夸张的吹嘘。
meteorology [ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒi]
meteoro + log + y → beyond + word + 名词字尾
n. 气象学
The Central Weather Bureau does meteorological research.
中央气象局进行气象研究。
neurology [njʊəˈrɒlədʒi]
neuro + log + y → nerve + word + 名词字尾
n. 神经学
Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s are both neurological disorders.
帕金森症与阿尔茨海默症都是神经系统疾病。
pathology [pəˈθɒlədʒi]
patho + log + y → suffer + word + 名词字尾
n. 病理学
The pathologist conducted a postmortem to find out the cause of death.
病理医师进行验尸以查明死因。
The man is a pathological liar.
此人是个病态撒谎者。
physiology [ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi]
physio + log + y → nature + word + 名词字尾
n. 生理学
A physiologist studies the human body, whereas a psychologist studies the human mind.
生理学家研究人体，心理学家研究心智。
prologue [ˈprəʊlɒɡ]
pro + logue → before + word
n. 序言；开场白；开端
In the prologue the author explains why he wrote the book.
作者在序言中说明写书的动机。
sociology [ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒi]
socio + log + y → group + word + 名词字尾
n. 社会学
The Chicago school of sociology is eminent in the field.
芝加哥社会学派在该领域声名卓著。
technology [tekˈnɒlədʒi]
techno + log + y → skill + word + 名词字尾
n. 科技；技术；工艺
I am more interested in science and technology than in the humanities.
我对科技的兴趣胜过人文。
字根：cant(chant) = sing 唱，说
chant [tʃɑːnt]
chant → sing
v./n. 吟唱；歌颂；反复叫喊
The hippies’ favorite chant was “Make love, not war!”
嬉皮士最爱的口号是“要做爱，不要作战！”
The crowd began chanting the hero’s name.
群众开始高呼英雄的名字。
enchantment [ɪnˈtʃɑːntmənt]
en + chant + ment → make + sing + 名词字尾
n. 魅力；着迷；魔法
I was enjoying the enchantment of a snowy field bathed in moonlight.
我沉醉在月光照耀下雪地的迷人美景中。
recant [rɪˈkænt]
re + cant → again + sing
v. 撤回；放弃；公开认错
Witnesses threatened to recant their testimonies.
证人威胁要撤回证词。
字根：voc(vok) = voice, call 声音，叫喊
advocate [ˈædvəkət / ˈædvəkeɪt]
ad + voc + ate → to + call + 动词字尾
v. 提倡；拥护；主张；n. 倡导者；支持者
This pacifist group advocates peace.
这个和平组织倡导和平。
The man is a peace advocate.
此人是和平倡导者。
evoke [ɪˈvəʊk]
e + voke → out + call
v. 唤起；引起；使人想起
The old photograph evokes memories of my school days.
这张老照片唤起我学生时代的回忆。
The music is evocative of waves breaking on shore.
这首音乐让人联想到海浪拍岸。
invoke [ɪnˈvəʊk]
in + voke → in + call
v. 援引；求助；唤起；祈求
The CEO invoked the memory of his long-serving predecessor to urge cooperation.
CEO提起长期任职的前任，呼吁大家通力合作。
The case falls under local jurisdiction, so the defense lawyer cannot invoke federal law.
此案属于地方法院管辖，辩方律师不能援引联邦法律。
irrevocable [ɪˈrevəkəbl]
ir + re + voc + able → not + back + call + able
adj. 不可挽回的；无法撤销的
The death of the great scientist was an irrevocable loss.
这位伟大科学家的去世是无法挽回的损失。
provoke [prəˈvəʊk]
pro + voke → forward + call
v. 挑衅；激怒；激起；引发
There is no need to provoke the enemy.
没必要去挑衅敌人。
Soaring prices have provoked widespread unease among the populace.
物价飞涨引发民众普遍不安。
revoke [rɪˈvəʊk]
re + voke → back + call
v. 撤回；撤销；废除
The old man revoked his will and left all his money to charity.
老人撤销了遗嘱，把所有钱捐给慈善机构。
vocation [vəʊˈkeɪʃn]
voc + ation → call + 名词字尾
n. 职业；使命；天职
Teaching is my vocation.
教书是我的天职。
字根：clam(claim) = shout 叫喊，声称
claim [kleɪm]
claim → shout
v. 声称；宣称；要求；n. 主张；索赔；所有权
He claimed that he didn’t kill the victim.
他声称没有杀害受害者。
The man’s claim of innocence was supported by an alibi.
此人无罪的声明有不在场证明支持。
You can go to “Lost and Found” to claim your wallet.
你可以去失物招领处认领钱包。
acclaim [əˈkleɪm]
ad + claim → to + shout
v./n. 称赞；喝彩；高度评价
Despite critical acclaim, the movie was a failure at the box office.
尽管影评好评如潮，这部电影票房却惨败。
The artist is widely acclaimed for his innovative approach.
这位艺术家因创新手法广受赞誉。
clamor [ˈklæmə(r)]
clam + or → shout + 名词字尾
n. 喧闹；叫嚷；v. 大声要求；呼吁
There’s a loud clamor coming from the streets.
街上传来巨大的喧闹声。
The people are clamoring for change.
人民大声疾呼要改革。
proclaim [prəˈkleɪm]
pro + claim → forward + shout
v. 宣告；宣布；声明
After the South proclaimed independence, the Civil War broke out.
南方宣布独立后，内战爆发。
reclaim [rɪˈkleɪm]
re + claim → back + shout
v. 开垦；回收；改造；收回
This land has been reclaimed from the shallows by landfills.
这片土地是由浅滩填土开垦而来。
The plastic was reclaimed from garbage.
这种塑料是由垃圾回收制成。
字根：spect(spic) = look 看，注视
spectacle [ˈspektəkl]
spect + acle → look + 名词字尾
n. 景象；奇观；场面；眼镜
It was quite a spectacle to see the old sow suckling a puppy.
看到老母猪给小狗喂奶，真是奇观。
Don’t make a spectacle of yourself!
别出洋相！
aspect [ˈæspekt]
ad + spect → toward + look
n. 方面；层面；外观；方位
After considering the venture from every possible aspect, they decided to proceed.
从各个层面考虑过这个投资案后，他们决定继续进行。
The spectacles and mustache gave the man a rather severe aspect.
眼镜和胡子让这个男人看起来很严厉。
conspicuous [kənˈspɪkjuəs]
con + spic + uous → intensifier + look + 形容词字尾
adj. 显著的；显眼的；引人注目的
The tall man looked conspicuous among those children.
那个高个子在一群孩子中很突出。
The millionaire showed off his wealth through conspicuous consumption.
那位百万富翁通过炫富消费炫耀财富。
despicable [dɪˈspɪkəbl]
de + spic + able → down + look + able
adj. 卑鄙的；可鄙的；卑劣的
There’s nothing despicable about admitting your mistakes.
承认错误并不可耻。
The woman despised her husband simply because he didn’t make much money.
妻子瞧不起丈夫，只因为他赚得不多。
inspector [ɪnˈspektə(r)]
in + spect + or → in + look + person
n. 检查员；督察；视察员
The police inspector is in charge of the murder case.
这位警探负责这起谋杀案。
introspection [ˌɪntrəˈspekʃn]
intro + spect + ion → inward + look + 名词字尾
n. 内省；反省；自省
Everyone needs a moment of introspection every day.
每个人每天都需要一点反省的时间。
perspective [pəˈspektɪv]
per + spect + ive → through + look + 名词字尾
n. 观点；看法；角度；透视
The scholar examined the historic event from an economic perspective.
这位学者从经济角度检视该历史事件。
The problem won’t seem so serious if you keep it in perspective.
如果你用正确的角度看待，问题就不会显得那么严重。
By employing perspective drawing, you can create three-dimensional images on paper.
采用透视画法，你就可以在纸上画出立体图像。
prospect [ˈprɒspekt]
pro + spect → forward + look
n. 展望；前景；可能性
Economic prospects for the coming year are excellent.
来年的经济前景极佳。
retrospect [ˈretrəspekt]
retro + spect → backward + look
n. 回顾；回想
In retrospect, maybe we shouldn’t have bought the house at that juncture.
事后回想起来，或许我们不该在那个时间点买房。
The old artist is having a retrospective at the Art Museum.
老艺术家将在美术馆举办回顾展。
spectacles [ˈspektəklz]
spect + acles → look + 名词字尾
n. 眼镜
These spectacles come with a steel rim.
这副眼镜是钢框的。
There’s a bespectacled old man waiting outside.
有个戴眼镜的老人在外边等着。
spectator [spekˈteɪtə(r)]
spect + ator → look + person
n. 观众；旁观者
The spectators went wild when the batter hit a homerun.
打击手击出全垒打，观众为之疯狂。
spectrum [ˈspektrəm]
spect + rum → look + 名词字尾
n. 光谱；范围
If you pass light through a prism, you can see all the colors in the spectrum.
如果让光通过三棱镜，就可以看到光谱中的所有色彩。
Supporters of this new party cover the full spectrum of social classes.
这个新政党的支持者横跨整个社会阶层。
speculate [ˈspekjuleɪt]
spec + ulate → look + 动词字尾
v. 猜测；投机
I can only speculate on his motives for stealing the money.
我只能猜测他偷钱的动机。
The man speculates on the stock market full-time, without a regular job.
此人专职炒股票，没有正式工作。
字根：vis(vid) = see 看
evidence [ˈevɪdəns]
e + vid + ence → out + see + 名词字尾
n. 证据；证明
The suspect was released because there was not enough evidence.
嫌犯被释放，因为证据不足。
The quality of the bracelet, as evidenced by the workmanship, is exceptional.
从做工可以看出这只手镯的品质相当好。
provide [prəˈvaɪd]
pro + vide → forward + see
v. 提供；预备
The company will provide transport for your business trip.
你出差，公司会为你提供交通工具。
Don’t worry. The Lord will provide.
别担心，主会供应。
provision [prəˈvɪʒn]
pro + vis + ion → forward + see + 名词字尾
n. 提供；预备；条款；粮食
The efficient provision of public services is the government’s responsibility.
高效率提供公共服务是政府的责任。
He made provisions to donate part of his fortune to charity after he died.
他做好安排，打算死后把一部分财产捐给慈善机构。
We brought enough provisions to last the entire trip.
我们带了足够粮食，足够整趟旅程使用。
revise [rɪˈvaɪz]
re + vise → again + see
v. 修订；修改
The law is revised from time to time to keep it abreast of latest developments.
法律会不时修订，以与时俱进。
supervisor [ˈsuːpəvaɪzə(r)]
super + vis + or → over + see + person
n. 上司；主管
My supervisor has agreed to write a letter of recommendation for me.
我的主管答应为我写推荐信。
view [vjuː]
view → see
n. 风景；观点；v. 看待
The view is excellent from this window.
从这个窗户看出去的风景很好。
What are your views on the matter?
这件事你怎么看？
vision [ˈvɪʒn]
vis + ion → see + 名词字尾
n. 视力；远见；想象力
He has 2.0 vision for both eyes.
他双眼都是2.0的视力。
Abraham Lincoln was a man of vision.
林肯是有远见的人。
vista [ˈvɪstə]
vis + ta → see + 名词字尾
n. 景色；远景；前景
Look out the window, and you can see a vista of rolling hills.
从窗户往外看，你可以看到连绵的山丘。
visual [ˈvɪʒuəl]
vis(u) + al → see + 形容词字尾
adj. 视觉的；视力的
The eye is a visual organ.
眼睛是视觉器官。
字根：tact(tag, tig, tang) = touch 触摸
contact [ˈkɒntækt]
con + tact → together + touch
v./n. 接触；联系；联络人
You can contact me whenever you like.
欢迎随时和我联系。
Contact sports have a higher rate of injury than normal.
接触性运动比一般运动更容易受伤。
attach [əˈtætʃ]
ad + tach → to + touch
v. 附上；黏贴；依附
The picture is attached to this email.
照片在这封邮件的附件中。
The little girl is very much attached to her father.
小女孩和她爸爸很亲。
contagious [kənˈteɪdʒəs]
con + tag + ious → together + touch + 形容词字尾
adj. 传染性的
Tuberculosis is a contagious disease.
肺结核是一种传染病。
contiguous [kənˈtɪɡjuəs]
con + tig + uous → together + touch + 形容词字尾
adj. 接壤的；相邻的
The U.S. and Mexico are contiguous for over 3,000 kilometers.
美国和墨西哥接壤超过三千公里。
detach [dɪˈtætʃ]
de + tach → not + touch
v. 拆开；分离
The brush detaches from the vacuum cleaner for easy cleaning.
吸尘器的刷头可以拆下，方便清理。
intact [ɪnˈtækt]
in + tact → not + touch
adj. 完整的；完好如初的
If you should stumble upon a crime scene, remember to keep everything intact.
万一撞上犯罪现场，记得要保持原样。
intangible [ɪnˈtændʒəbl]
in + tang + ible → not + touch + able
adj. 无形的；触摸不到的
Money is the tangible reward for work, a sense of achievement the intangible reward.
金钱是工作有形的报酬，成就感则是无形的报酬。
tactful [ˈtæktfl]
tact + ful → touch + 形容词字尾
adj. 机智的；得体的
It took no small tact to hint to the King that he had bad breath.
要向国王暗示他有口臭，得有很高明的手腕。
tangle [ˈtæŋɡl]
tang + le → touch + 名词字尾
n. 缠结；混乱；v. 使缠结
The shampoo promises to reduce tangles in your hair.
这款洗发水宣称能减少头发打结。
字根：sens(sent) = feel 感觉
sense [sens]
sense → feel
n. 感觉；意识；理智；v. 感觉到
He’ll feel sorry when he comes to his senses.
他清醒过来就会后悔的。
An insect instinctively freezes when it senses danger.
昆虫感觉到有危险时，会出于本能静止不动。
assent [əˈsent]
ad + sent → to + feel
v./n. 同意；赞成
After Congress gave its assent, the President declared war.
国会表同意后，总统宣战。
consensus [kənˈsensəs]
con + sens + us → together + feel + 名词字尾
n. 共识；一致意见
The two parties reached consensus on the tax hike.
两党就增税案达成共识。
resent [rɪˈzent]
re + sent → against + feel
v. 愤恨；厌恶
I can accept the rejection, but I resent the implication that I am incompetent.
我可以接受被拒绝，但对暗示我无能这点感到愤怒。
sensational [senˈseɪʃənl]
sens + ational → feel + 形容词字尾
adj. 轰动的；极好的
That new dress is simply sensational!
那件新洋装实在太好看了！
字根：pass(path) = feel, suffer 感觉、忍受
compassion [kəmˈpæʃn]
com + pass + ion → together + feel + 名词字尾
n. 同情；怜悯
The public showed genuine compassion for the victims.
大众对受害者表达真正的同情。
empathy [ˈempəθi]
em + path + y → make + feel + 名词字尾
n. 同理心；共鸣
Ex-President Clinton is famous for his empathy.
前总统克林顿以同理心闻名。
impassive [ɪmˈpæsɪv]
im + pass + ive → not + feel + 形容词字尾
adj. 冷漠的；无感情的
The native American is said to have an impassive-looking face.
美国原住民据说面无表情。
passive [ˈpæsɪv]
pass + ive → feel + 形容词字尾
adj. 被动的；消极的
Sometimes passive resistance works better than active rebellion.
有时被动消极抵抗胜过主动反抗。
pathetic [pəˈθetɪk]
path + etic → feel + 形容词字尾
adj. 可怜的；可悲的
The homeless man made a pathetic attempt at dressing respectably.
流浪汉努力想穿得体面，却令人感到可悲。
字根：odor(ol) = smell 气味
odor [ˈəʊdə(r)]
odor → smell
n. 气味；味道
There is a musty odor in the damp cellar.
潮湿的地窖里有股霉味。
odious [ˈəʊdiəs]
od + ious → smell + 形容词字尾
adj. 可憎的；讨厌的
The perpetrator of the odious crime was sentenced to death.
犯下这件可憎罪行的罪犯被判死刑。
redolent [ˈredələnt]
re + ol + ent → back + smell + 形容词字尾
adj. 芬芳的；有…气味的
My grandmother’s house always seemed to be redolent with the aroma of baking bread.
我奶奶家好像永远都有烤面包的香味。
字根：trit = rub 摩擦、磨损
detrimental [ˌdetrɪˈmentl]
de + trib + mental → away + rub + 形容词字尾
adj. 有害的；不利的
Smoking has a detrimental effect on health.
抽烟对健康有害。
attrition [əˈtrɪʃn]
ad + trit + ion → to + rub + 名词字尾
n. 消耗；磨损
The two nations are fighting a war of attrition.
两国正在打一场消耗战。
contrite [ˈkɒntraɪt]
con + trite → intensifier + rub
adj. 悔悟的；懊悔的
The contrite prisoner was given parole.
这名懊悔的犯人获得假释。
trite [traɪt]
trite → rub
adj. 陈腐的；老套的
That argument has become trite.
那套论调太老套了。
字根：phan(phen) = show 显现、展示
phenomenal [fəˈnɒmɪnl]
phen + omenal → show + 形容词字尾
adj. 非凡的；杰出的
The phenomenal success of the young company is truly amazing.
这家新公司取得如此巨大的成功，实在惊人。
diaphanous [daɪˈæfənəs]
dia + phan + ous → across + show + 形容词字尾
adj. 透明的；轻薄的
The bride wore a diaphanous veil.
新娘戴着轻薄透明的面纱。
phantom [ˈfæntəm]
phan + tom → show + 名词字尾
n. 幽灵；幻影
Many claim to have seen a phantom at the opera house.
许多人表示曾在歌剧院看到幽灵。
字根：lud(lus) = play 玩、扮演
prelude [ˈpreljuːd]
pre + lude → before + play
n. 序曲；序幕
An eruption of sectarian violence proved to be the prelude to all-out civil war.
宗派暴力冲突爆发，后来证明是全面内战的序幕。
collude [kəˈluːd]
col + lude → together + play
v. 共谋；串通
The two companies colluded to keep prices high.
两家公司串通，联手维持高价。
delude [dɪˈluːd]
de + lude → away + play
v. 欺骗；迷惑
We deluded ourselves into thinking that the ice cream wouldn’t affect our diet.
我们欺骗自己，以为冰淇淋不会影响减肥。
elusive [ɪˈluːsɪv]
e + lus + ive → out + play + 形容词字尾
adj. 难以捉摸的；难懂的
The truth may prove elusive.
真相可能难以捉摸。
字根：viv(vit) = life 生命、活
revive [rɪˈvaɪv]
re + vive → again + live
v. 复活；复苏；复兴
The plant may revive if you water it immediately.
如果你立刻浇水，植物还有可能活过来。
convivial [kənˈvɪviəl]
con + viv + ial → together + live + 形容词字尾
adj. 欢乐的；愉快的
The party had a convivial atmosphere.
宴会的气氛很欢乐。
viable [ˈvaɪəbl]
viv + able → live + able
adj. 可行的；能存活的
The plan is not economically viable.
该计划在经济上不可行。
vital [ˈvaɪtl]
vit + al → live + 形容词字尾
adj. 生命的；至关重要的；充满活力的
The patient just lost all vital signs.
病人刚失去所有的生命征象。
Foreign trade is vital to national economy.
外贸对国家经济至关重要。
The economy remains vital despite the energy crisis.
虽然碰上能源危机，经济依然有活力。
一、表示「生」的字根（vit/viv/bio/nat/anim）
vitality [vaɪˈtæləti]
vit + al + ity → live + 形容词字尾 + 名词字尾
n. 生命力，活力
The economy has lost vitality, so the government is studying ways to revitalize it.
经济失去了活力，所以政府正研究重振经济。
vivid [ˈvɪvɪd]
viv + id → live + 形容词字尾
adj. 鲜艳的；生动的
The kid used vivid colors in her painting.
这名小孩用色彩鲜艳的颜色画画。
He gave a vivid description of his adventure in the wild.
他生动地描述了那场荒野历险。
symbiotic [ˌsɪmbaɪˈɒtɪk]
sym + bio + tic → together + life + 形容词字尾
adj. 共生的
Clownfish and sea anemones live in symbiosis.
小丑鱼和海葵共生。
bionic [baɪˈɒnɪk]
bio + logic + electronic → life + skill + electronic
adj. 生物电子科技的，仿生的
The man can leave his wheelchair now because he has a bionic leg.
装上仿生腿后，此人现在就可以不用轮椅了。
biosphere [ˈbaɪəsfɪə(r)]
bio + sphere → life + sphere
n. 生物圈
The earth’s biosphere extends from equatorial to polar regions.
地球的生物圈从赤道延伸到极地地区。
biotechnology [ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi]
bio + techno + logy → life + skill + 名词字尾
n. 生物科技
Cloning and other forms of biotechnology have greatly increased agricultural productivity.
生物复制与其他形式的生物科技，大大提高了农业生产力。
innate [ɪˈneɪt]
in + nate → in + born
adj. 与生俱来的；天赋的
Humans have an innate desire for freedom.
人类天生就渴望自由。
Many animals have an innate sense of direction.
许多动物天生具有方向感。
naive [nɑːˈiːv]
nat + ive → born + 形容词字尾
adj. 天真的，无知的
Don’t be so naive: there’s no such thing as a free lunch.
别那么天真：天下没有免费的午餐。
nascent [ˈnæsnt]
nat + scent → born + 形容词字尾
adj. 萌芽的，初期的
The starlet ruined her nascent movie career by taking drugs.
新星明星因吸毒，毁了刚萌芽的电影生涯。
naturalize [ˈnætʃrəlaɪz]
nat + ural + ize → born + 形容词字尾 + 动词字尾
v. 归化，入籍
T.S. Eliot became a naturalized British citizen in 1927.
T.S. 艾略特在1927年入籍英国。
pregnant [ˈpregnənt]
pre + gnat + ant → before + born + 形容词字尾
adj. 怀孕的
Please yield priority seats to the elderly, the handicapped, and pregnant women.
博爱座请留给老人、身障者与孕妇。
animated [ˈænɪmeɪtɪd]
anim + ated → spirit + 形容词字尾
adj. 热烈的；生动的
An animated discussion is going on in the lecture hall.
讲堂内正在进行热烈的讨论。
animosity [ˌænɪˈmɒsəti]
anim + osity → spirit + 名词字尾
n. 敌意，憎恨
We put aside our personal animosities to work together.
我们把个人敌意放在一旁，携手合作。
inanimate [ɪnˈænɪmət]
in + anim + ate → not + life + 形容词字尾
adj. 无生命的
The predator is focused on motion and automatically screens out inanimate objects.
掠食者专注在猎物的动作上，无生命的物体自动被过滤掉。
二、表示「死」的字根（mort/morb/cide）
immortal [ɪˈmɔːtl]
im + mort + al → not + death + 形容词字尾
adj. 不朽的，不死的
Shakespeare won immortal fame through the 36 plays he wrote.
莎士比亚因写下的36部剧作而博得不朽的名望。
The immortals on Mount Olympus decided the outcome of the battle for Troy.
奥林匹斯山的众神决定了特洛伊战争的结果。
morbid [ˈmɔːbɪd]
morb + id → death + 形容词字尾
adj. 病理的；病态的；恐怖的
Ever since the accident, he has been suffering from a morbid fear of driving.
发生车祸以来，他对开车有病态的恐惧。
The suicidal youth has a morbid fascination with death.
有自杀倾向的青年，对死亡有着不正常的迷恋。
moribund [ˈmɒrɪbʌnd]
mort + ibund → death + 形容词字尾
adj. 垂死的；即将消亡的
The moribund patient needs a priest.
这名垂死的病人需要一名神父。
This moribund political party is about to be disbanded.
这个奄奄一息的政党即将解散。
mortgage [ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ]
mort + gage → death + engage
n./v. 抵押；抵押贷款
Can you lend me some money to pay my monthly mortgage?
你能不能借我一些钱付每月的房贷？
The man mortgaged his house to fund his business.
此人以房子作抵押来资助他的企业。
mortician [mɔːˈtɪʃn]
mort + ician → death + person
n. 殡葬业者
A mortician works in a mortuary.
殡葬业者在殡仪馆工作。
mortify [ˈmɔːtɪfaɪ]
mort(i) + fact + y → death + make + 动词字尾
v. 使尴尬，使羞愧；抑制
When I was about to pay, I was mortified to find that I didn’t have my wallet.
要付钱时，我很尴尬地发现没带皮夹。
The ascetic mortified the flesh in pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.
苦行者抑制肉体享受，追求精神升华。
postmortem [ˌpəʊstˈmɔːtəm]
post + mort + em → after + death + 形容词字尾
adj./n. 死后的；验尸；事后检讨
The coroner collected some postmortem tissue specimens.
验尸官采集了一些死后的组织样本。
The medical examiner conducted a postmortem on the corpse.
法医对尸体进行验尸。
Party leaders are conducting a postmortem of the election to try to find out what went wrong.
政党领袖正在主持选后检讨，以找出哪里出了问题。
suicide [ˈsuːɪsaɪd]
sui + cide → self + kill
n./v. 自杀；自杀者
The terminal patient committed suicide to end his pain.
这名末期病人以自杀结束痛苦。
ecocide [ˈiːkəsaɪd]
eco + cide → household + kill
n. 生态灭绝
Nuclear warfare might cause widespread ecocide.
核子战争可能造成大规模的生态灭绝。
genocide [ˈdʒenəsaɪd]
gen(o) + cide → kind + kill
n. 种族灭绝；大屠杀
The Holocaust is the worst genocide in history.
犹太人大屠杀是史上最惨重的种族灭绝。
homicide [ˈhɒmɪsaɪd]
homi + cide → man + kill
n. 杀人罪；杀人犯
The number of homicides rose after capital punishment was abolished.
死刑废除后，凶杀案增多了。
pesticide [ˈpestɪsaɪd]
pest(i) + cide → pest + kill
n. 杀虫剂，农药
No pesticide may be used in the cultivation of organic vegetables.
栽培有机蔬菜不得使用农药。
三、表示「呼吸/精神」的字根（spir）
aspiration [ˌæspəˈreɪʃn]
ad + spir + ation → toward + breathe + 名词字尾
n. 志向，抱负
I’ve never had any political aspirations.
我从来没有任何政治野心。
inspiring [ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ]
in + spir + ing → in + breathe + 形容词字尾
adj. 鼓舞人的；启发灵感的
He was an inspiring example to his pupils.
他是学生的好榜样。
respiration [ˌrespəˈreɪʃn]
re + spir + ation → again + breathe + 名词字尾
n. 呼吸
The patient’s respiration was shallow and labored.
病人的呼吸浅又费力。
四、表示「社会/群体」的字根（soci/greg）
society [səˈsaɪəti]
soci + ety → group + 名词字尾
n. 社会；协会
The U.S. has a capitalist society.
美国是资本主义社会。
The National Geographic Society was founded in 1888.
国家地理学会成立于1888年。
antisocial [ˌæntiˈsəʊʃl]
anti + soci + al → against + group + 形容词字尾
adj. 孤僻的；反社会的
You may be considered antisocial if you refuse to socialize with others.
你若不与人交往，会被认为孤僻。
associate [əˈsəʊsieɪt]
ad + soci + ate → to + group + 动词字尾
v. 联想；n. 同事；adj. 副的
Lung cancer is often associated with smoking.
肺癌常和吸烟相关。
He is an associate professor at this department.
他是这个系的副教授。
dissociate [dɪˈsəʊsieɪt]
dis + soci + ate → apart + group + 动词字尾
v. 使分离，使脱离
The gangster has turned a politician and is trying to dissociate himself from his past.
这名黑帮分子转为政客，正试图与过去切割。
aggregate [ˈæɡrɪɡət]
ad + greg + ate → to + group + 动词字尾
v. 聚集；n. 集合；adj. 合计的
This website aggregates content from many other sites.
这个网站汇集了许多其他网站的内容。
egregious [ɪˈɡriːdʒiəs]
e + greg(i) + ous → out + group + 形容词字尾
adj. 惊人的；过分的
These egregious errors are simply inexcusable.
这些明显的错误根本是不可原谅。
gregarious [ɡrɪˈɡeəriəs]
greg + arious → group + 形容词字尾
adj. 群居的；合群的；爱社交的
Humans are gregarious animals.
人是群居性的动物。
五、表示「城市/政府」的字根（civi/cit/polis/demo）
civilization [ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn]
civ + ilization → city + 名词字尾
n. 文明
Civilization comes from the growth of cities.
文明来自城市的发展。
citadel [ˈsɪtədl]
cit + adel → city + 名词字尾
n. 城堡；要塞
This university is a citadel of advanced learning.
这所大学是高等学术研究重镇。
civic [ˈsɪvɪk]
civ + ic → government + 形容词字尾
adj. 公民的，市民的
It is your civic duty to serve as a juror when required.
被指定担任陪审员时必须出席，这是你的公民责任。
civil [ˈsɪvl]
civ + il → city + 形容词字尾
adj. 文明的；公民的；民事的
A government official is a civil servant.
政府官员就是人民公仆。
metropolis [məˈtrɒpəlɪs]
mater + polis → mother + city
n. 大都市
Los Angeles is a modern metropolis.
洛杉矶是现代大都市。
democracy [dɪˈmɒkrəsi]
demo + cracy → people + rule
n. 民主
People in a democracy have the right to vote.
民主制度下的人民有投票权。
demographic [ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk]
demo + graph + ic → people + write + 形容词字尾
adj. 人口统计学的
The latest demographic trend is one toward larger percentages of senior citizens.
最新的人口趋势是走向高龄化。
pandemic [pænˈdemɪk]
pan + dem + ic → all + people + 形容词字尾
adj. 全国流行的；大规模疫情
The 1918 flu pandemic claimed millions of lives.
1918年的大流感夺走了数百万条生命。
六、表示「司法/惩罚」的字根（just/jud/leg/pen）
justice [ˈdʒʌstɪs]
just + ice → law + 名词字尾
n. 正义；司法；法官
The sheriff’s job is to uphold justice.
警长的工作是维持正义。
judicial [dʒuˈdɪʃl]
jud + icial → law + 形容词字尾
adj. 司法的
The judicial system is badly in need of reform.
司法体系急需改革。
jury [ˈdʒʊəri]
jur + y → law + 名词字尾
n. 陪审团
The jury has returned its verdict.
陪审团做出了判决。
legal [ˈliːɡl]
leg + al → law + 形容词字尾
adj. 法律的；合法的
You should ask your legal advisor for help.
你应该寻求法律顾问的帮助。
legislation [ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn]
leg + islation → law + 名词字尾
n. 法律；立法
Congress represents the legislative branch of the government.
国会代表政府的立法部门。
legitimate [lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət]
leg + itimate → law + 形容词字尾
adj. 合法的；合理的
All legitimate expenditures will be recompensed.
所有正当的开销都会得到补偿。
punishment [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt]
pun + ishment → pain + 名词字尾
n. 惩罚
Capital punishment does not seem to deter crime.
死刑好像不能吓阻犯罪。
一、表示「惩罚/痛苦」的字根（pen/pun）
impunity [ɪmˈpjuːnəti]
im + pun + ity → not + punish + 名词字尾
n. 不受惩罚，免罚
Humans cannot expect to go on polluting the environment with impunity.
人类不能指望继续污染环境而不受惩罚。
penal [ˈpiːnl]
pen + al → pain + 形容词字尾
adj. 刑事的，受刑罚的
Australia was once a penal colony.
澳洲曾经是流放犯人的地方。
penalize [ˈpiːnəlaɪz]
pen + alize → pain + 动词字尾
v. 惩罚；对…不公
The airline company was penalized for failing to meet safety requirements.
航空公司因不符合安全规定而受罚。
penitent [ˈpenɪtənt]
pen + itent → pain + 形容词字尾
adj. 忏悔的，悔悟的
The criminal felt penitent and turned himself in.
罪犯感到懊悔，自首投案。
penitentiary [ˌpenɪˈtenʃəri]
pen + itentiary → punish + 名词字尾
n. 监狱
The criminal is now serving sentences in the state penitentiary.
这名犯人正在州立监狱服刑。
punitive [ˈpjuːnətɪv]
pun + itive → punish + 形容词字尾
adj. 惩罚性的
The government has imposed punitive taxes on large cars.
政府对大型车征收惩罚性的税。
repent [rɪˈpent]
re + pent → back + pain
v. 后悔，忏悔
The man repented of his sins, and the priest absolved him.
此人对他的罪行忏悔，神父赦免了他的罪。
二、表示「正直/正确」的字根（rect/rig）
direct [dəˈrekt]
di + rect → away + right
v. 指导；adj. 直接的
This is a direct flight to Paris.
这是直飞巴黎的班机。
erect [ɪˈrekt]
e + rect → 加强 + straight
adj. 直立的；v. 建造
Many buildings are being erected on the waterfront.
岸边地区有许多建筑正在建造。
incorrigible [ɪnˈkɒrɪdʒəbl]
in + cor + rig + ible → not + 加强 + right + able
adj. 不可救药的
You’re incorrigible.
你简直不可救药。
rectangular [rekˈtæŋɡjələ(r)]
rect + angul + ar → straight + angle + 形容词字尾
adj. 矩形的，直角的
There is a rectangular clearing in the woods.
树林里有块矩形的空地。
rectify [ˈrektɪfaɪ]
rect(i) + fact + y → right + make + 动词字尾
v. 纠正，矫正
It is not too late to rectify the unpopular policy.
这项民怨很大的政策，要纠正还来得及。
rectitude [ˈrektɪtjuːd]
rect + itude → right + 名词字尾
n. 正直，公正
Our manager is a man of unquestionable moral rectitude.
我们的经理是个品德正直的人。
三、表示「真实/真理」的字根（ver）
verify [ˈverɪfaɪ]
ver(i) + fact + y → true + make + 动词字尾
v. 核实，查证
An editor must verify a story before printing it.
编辑必须查证新闻的真实性才能刊登。
aver [əˈvɜː(r)]
ad + ver → to + true
v. 断言，坚称
I aver that my friend is innocent.
我坚称我的朋友是无辜的。
veracious [vəˈreɪʃəs]
ver + acious → true + 形容词字尾
adj. 诚实的，真实可靠的
My friend is a veracious man.
我的朋友是个诚实不欺的人。
verdict [ˈvɜːdɪkt]
ver + dict → true + speak
n.（陪审团的）判决
After the jury returned the verdict, the judge gave his sentence.
陪审团交了判决，法官做出宣判。
verity [ˈverəti]
ver + ity → true + 名词字尾
n. 真实，真理
The philosophy professor likes to talk about the eternal verities.
这位哲学教授喜欢谈论永恒不变的真理。
四、表示「命令/秩序」的字根（mand/ordin）
commend [kəˈmend]
com + mend → 加强 + order
v. 称赞，推荐
His poetry is highly commended by other writers.
他的诗受到其他作家的大力推崇。
commandeer [ˌkɒmənˈdɪə(r)]
com + mand + eer → 加强 + order + 动词字尾
v.（强行）征用
The troops commandeered the city hall as headquarters.
部队征用市政大厅作为总部。
mandate [ˈmændeɪt]
mand + ate → order + 动词/名词字尾
n. 命令，授权；v. 要求
The government will be seeking a fresh mandate from the people.
政府将再次寻求人民的授权。
mandatory [ˈmændətəri]
mand + atory → order + 形容词字尾
adj. 强制的，义务的
Next year our manager will reach the mandatory retirement age.
我们的经理明年将达到强制退休年龄。
adorn [əˈdɔːn]
ad + orn → to + order
v. 装饰，美化
Her paintings adorn the walls.
她的画作装饰着墙壁。
inordinate [ɪnˈɔːdɪnət]
in + ordin + ate → not + order + 形容词字尾
adj. 无节制的，过度的
The job had taken an inordinate amount of time.
这件工作已经花了太多时间。
ordain [ɔːˈdeɪn]
ordain → order
v. 任命；规定，命令
She is an ordained minister.
她是已被正式任命的牧师。
ornate [ɔːˈneɪt]
orn + ate → order + 形容词字尾
adj. 华丽的，装饰繁复的
Critics do not like the ornate style of the poet.
批评家不喜欢这位诗人文字过于雕琢的风格。
subordinate [səˈbɔːdɪnət]
sub + ordin + ate → under + order + 形容词字尾
adj. 附属的，次要的；n. 下属
I played only a subordinate role in pushing for the reform.
推动改革方案，我扮演的只是次要角色。
五、表示「父/祖国」的字根（pater）
patronize [ˈpeɪtrənaɪz]
pater + onize → father + 动词字尾
v. 光顾；屈尊俯就
I patronize this bookstore regularly.
我经常光顾这家书店。
patronage [ˈpætrənɪdʒ]
pater + onage → father + 名词字尾
n. 赞助，光顾
The college relied on the patronage of wealthy graduates.
大学靠富裕校友的赞助扩充资金。
repatriate [ˌriːˈpeɪtrieɪt]
re + pater(i) + ate → back + fatherland + 动词字尾
v. 遣返回国
After the war, the prisoners were repatriated.
战后，战俘被遣返回国。
六、多义字根：gen（produce/kind/born）
generate [ˈdʒenəreɪt]
gen + erate → produce + 动词字尾
v. 产生，生成
The hydroelectric plant generates enough electricity for the city.
水力发电厂产生的电力足够全市使用。
carcinogen [kɑːˈsɪnədʒən]
carcin(o) + gen → cancer + produce
n. 致癌物
Cigarettes contain several carcinogens.
香烟含有好几种致癌物。
congenital [kənˈdʒenɪtl]
con + gen + ital → together + born + 形容词字尾
adj. 天生的，先天的
The child was born with congenital heart disease.
这个小孩出生就有先天性心脏病。
engender [ɪnˈdʒendə(r)]
en + gend + er → make + produce + 动词字尾
v. 引起，产生
The tax hike has engendered protests.
加税引发了抗议。
gender [ˈdʒendə(r)]
gen + der → kind + 名词字尾
n. 性别
Discrimination based on gender is illegal.
性别歧视是违法的。
genealogy [ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi]
gene(a) + log + y → born + word + 名词字尾
n. 世系，家谱
I studied the genealogy of my family.
我研究了我家的家谱。
genuine [ˈdʒenjuɪn]
gen + uine → kind + 形容词字尾
adj. 真正的，真挚的
These are genuine vintage wines.
这些是真正的陈年佳酿。
indigenous [ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs]
indi + gen + ous → into + born + 形容词字尾
adj. 本土的，原生的
This is a botanical garden of indigenous trees.
这是一座原生树种的植物园。
ingenious [ɪnˈdʒiːniəs]
in + gen(i) + ous → in + born + 形容词字尾
adj. 灵巧的，有创意的
He came up with an ingenious solution.
他提出了一个巧妙的解决方案。
七、多义字根：hum（ground/low/wet）
humble [ˈhʌmbl]
hum + ble → low + bend
adj. 谦卑的，卑微的
Abraham Lincoln came from humble origins.
林肯出身卑微。
humid [ˈhjuːmɪd]
hum + id → wet + 形容词字尾
adj. 潮湿的
The island has a humid climate.
这座岛气候潮湿，全年多雨。
humiliate [hjuːˈmɪlieɪt]
hum + iliate → low + 动词字尾
v. 羞辱，侮辱
The lady felt humiliated when she didn’t get an invitation.
这位女士没收到邀请，感到受辱。
inhume [ɪnˈhjuːm]
in + hume → in + ground
v. 埋葬
No suicides can be inhumed in the churchyard.
自杀者不能葬在教堂墓地。
posthumous [ˈpɒstjʊməs]
post + hum + ous → after + ground + 形容词字尾
adj. 死后的，遗著的
The posthumous publication made him famous.
身后出版的小说为他赢得不朽名声。
八、多义字根：temp/tempor（time/season/mix）
temporary [ˈtemprəri]
temp + orary → time + 形容词字尾
adj. 暂时的，临时的
This is only a temporary measure.
这只是临时的补救办法。
extemporaneous [ɪkˌstempəˈreɪniəs]
ex + tempor + aneous → out + time + 形容词字尾
adj. 即兴的，即席的
The winner made an extemporaneous speech.
获奖者发表了即兴感言。
temper [ˈtempə(r)]
temp + er → mix + 名词/动词字尾
n. 脾气；v. 调和，锻炼
Tempered steel does not easily shatter.
锻炼过的钢不容易碎裂。
temperate [ˈtempərət]
temp + erate → mix + 形容词字尾
adj. 温和的，温带的
The nation lies in the temperate zone.
这个国家地处温带。
tempestuous [temˈpestʃuəs]
temp + estuous → season + 形容词字尾
adj. 狂暴的，剧烈的
After a tempestuous fight, the couple broke up.
大吵一架后，这对情侣分手了。
九、多义字根：pend/pens/pond（hang/weigh/pay）
pending [ˈpendɪŋ]
pend + ing → hang + 形容词字尾
adj. 悬而未决的；prep. 直到…为止
The case is still pending.
案子仍悬而未决。
appendage [əˈpendɪdʒ]
ad + pend + age → to + hang + 名词字尾
n. 附属物，附加物
The committee is a mere appendage of the council.
委员会只是议会的附属机构。
appendix [əˈpendɪks]
ad + pend + ix → to + hang + 名词字尾
n. 附录；阑尾
There are three appendices to the book.
这本书有三个附录。
compensation [ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn]
com + pens + ation → together + pay + 名词字尾
n. 赔偿，补偿
Victims are negotiating for compensation.
污染受害者正与工厂协商赔偿。
expense [ɪkˈspens]
ex + pense → out + pay
n. 费用，开支
Living expenses are high in major cities.
大城市生活费用很高。
indispensable [ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl]
in + dis + pens + able → not + apart + pay + able
adj. 不可或缺的
Warm clothing is absolutely indispensable.
保暖衣物绝对必不可少。
pendulum [ˈpendjələm]
pend + ulum → hang + 名词字尾
n. 钟摆；摇摆局面
That grandfather clock has a large pendulum.
那座落地钟有个很大的钟摆。
suspend [səˈspend]
sub + pend → under + hang
v. 悬浮；暂停；停职
The cable car service has been suspended.
缆车因雷雨暂停运营。
suspense [səˈspens]
sub + pense → under + hang
n. 悬念，焦虑
The reader is kept in suspense right up to the last page.
读者直到最后一页都处在悬念中。
一、表示「统治/首要/古老」的字根（arch）
architecture [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)]
arch(i) + tect + ure → chief + skill + 名词字尾
n. 建筑；建筑学
The young man studied architecture in college.
这位年轻人在大学学的是建筑。
anarchy [ˈænəki]
an + arch + y → without + rule + 名词字尾
n. 无政府状态；混乱
After the revolution, France slipped into a state of anarchy.
革命后，法国迅速陷入无政府状态。
archaeology [ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi]
archae(o) + log + y → ancient + word + 名词字尾
n. 考古学
He is an expert on the archaeology of ancient Egypt.
他是古埃及考古学专家。
archaic [ɑːˈkeɪɪk]
arch + aic → ancient + 形容词字尾
adj. 古老的，旧式的
“Thou shalt love thy neighbour” is an archaic expression.
“你应爱邻人”是古语说法。
archrival [ˈɑːtʃraɪvl]
arch + riv + al → chief + rival + 名词字尾
n. 主要对手，头号劲敌
Pepsi is Coca-Cola’s archrival in the soft drink market.
百事可乐是可口可乐在饮料市场的头号对手。
hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑːki]
hier + arch + y → holy + rule + 名词字尾
n. 等级制度
“Pecking order” refers to the social hierarchy of birds.
“啄序”原本指鸟类的社会阶层。
matriarch [ˈmeɪtriɑːk]
mater(i) + arch → mother + rule
n. 女家长，女统治者
The matriarch holds supreme power in a matriarchal society.
母系社会中女家长掌握最高权力。
二、阅读文章：南横公路
The Southern EW Cross-Island Highway
The Southern EW Cross-Island Highway connects Tainan and Haiduan, with 212 kilometers of varied landscape. It goes through suburbs, countryside, aboriginal reservations, primeval forests, river valleys and farmlands. You can experience subtropical, temperate and frigid climates along the way.
南横公路连接台南与海端，全长212公里，风景多变。沿途经过郊区、乡村、原住民保留地、原始森林、河谷与农田，可体验亚热带、温带、寒带三种气候。
三、表示「否定/反对」的字首
counter- (against)
counter [ˈkaʊntə(r)]
counter- → against
v. 抵制，对抗
The campaign will counter the trend of conspicuous consumption.
该宣传活动将制衡炫耀性消费趋势。
counteract [ˌkaʊntərˈækt]
counter + act → against + act
v. 抵消，抵抗，中和
Carbon reduction may counteract global warming.
减碳行动有助于抵消全球变暖。
encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)]
en + counter → make + against
v./n. 遭遇，遇到
Water encounters an obstacle and takes the easiest route.
流水遇障碍便走阻力最小的路。
dis- / dif- (apart, not)
diffuse [dɪˈfjuːz]
dif + fuse → apart + pour
v. 扩散，散布；adj. 扩散的
Ink diffused in a glass of water.
一滴墨水在一杯水中散开。
dispersed [dɪˈspɜːst]
dis + pers + ed → apart + scatter + 形容词字尾
adj. 分散的，四散的
Seeds were dispersed far and wide by wind.
种子被风吹得到处都是。
diverge [daɪˈvɜːdʒ]
dis + verge → apart + turn
v. 分离，分叉；分歧
One species diverged into monkeys and humans.
一个古老物种基因分化为猴与人。
in- / im- / il- / ir- (not)
immeasurably [ɪˈmeʒərəbli]
im + measur + ab + ly → not + measure + able + 副词字尾
adv. 无法估量地，极大地
He immeasurably changed the political atmosphere.
他极大地改变了国家政治氛围。
inactive [ɪnˈæktɪv]
in + act + ive → not + act + 形容词字尾
adj. 不活跃的，休眠的
Seeds may lie inactive for years.
种子可多年不活动但保持活性。
inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl]
in + e + vad + able → not + out + go + able
adj. 不可避免的
Bankruptcy is inevitable without help.
若无资助，破产将无法避免。
un- (not)
undoubtedly [ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli]
un + doubt + edly → not + doubt + 副词字尾
adv. 毫无疑问地
Early farmers undoubtedly used primitive tools.
早期农民无疑使用原始工具。
uninhabited [ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd]
un + in + habit + ed → not + in + live + 形容词字尾
adj. 无人居住的
He was cast on an uninhabited island.
他漂流到一座无人岛。
四、表示「方位/趋向」的字首
pre- / pro- (before, forward)
prior [ˈpraɪə(r)]
pre + or → before + 形容词字尾
adj. 先前的，优先的
The house was messy prior to renovation.
老屋翻修前一团糟。
profound [prəˈfaʊnd]
pro + found → forward + bottom
adj. 深远的，深刻的
Global warming has profound consequences.
全球变暖影响深远。
ad- (to, toward)
account for
ad + count → to + count
解释，说明
Perseverance and luck account for his success.
毅力与运气造就了他的成功。
accurate [ˈækjərət]
ad + cur + ate → to + care + 形容词字尾
adj. 精确的，准确的
The painting is an accurate representation of the battle.
这幅画精准再现了滑铁卢战役。
adapt [əˈdæpt]
ad + apt → to + fit
v. 适应，调整
Some animals cannot adapt to climate change.
有些动物无法适应气候变化。
adept [əˈdept]
ad + ept → to + skill
adj. 熟练的，擅长的
Many aborigines are adept sculptors.
许多原住民是熟练的雕刻师。
re- (back, again)
rebound [rɪˈbaʊnd]
re + bound → back + bound
v. 反弹，恢复
The economy rebounded quickly after the earthquake.
地震后当地经济迅速反弹。
refine [rɪˈfaɪn]
re + fine → again + fine
v. 精炼，改善，完善
We need time to refine the plan.
我们需要时间完善计划。
restrict [rɪˈstrɪkt]
re + strict → back + tighten
v. 限制，约束
The patient must restrict salt intake.
病人必须限制食盐摄入。
一、表示「方位/趋向」的字首
resurgence [rɪˈsɜːdʒəns]
re + surg + ence → again + rise + 名词字尾
n. 复苏，再度兴起
Astrology seems to be enjoying a resurgence these days.
最近占星术似乎又开始流行了。
postpone [pəˈspəʊn]
post + pone → after + place
v. 延后，使延期
The wedding was postponed because of the flu pandemic.
婚礼因为大流感而延期。
preposterous [prɪˈpɒstərəs]
pre + post + erous → before + after + 形容词字尾
adj. 荒谬的，荒唐的
Most Taiwanese find it preposterous that Confucius was Korean.
大多数台湾人觉得孔子是韩国人的说法很荒谬。
superfluous [suːˈpɜːfluəs]
super + flu + ous → over + flow + 形容词字尾
adj. 多余的，过剩的
Internet searches often bring superfluous information.
网络搜索常会产生多余信息需要筛选。
surpass [səˈpɑːs]
sur + pass → over + pass
v. 超越，胜过
Donation results surpassed the original goal.
募捐结果超越了原定目标。
surplus [ˈsɜːpləs]
sur + plus → over + plus
n. 过剩，剩余物
Farmers sent their surpluses down the Mississippi.
美国中西部农民把剩余农产品沿密西西比河运出。
suppress [səˈpres]
sup + press → under + press
v. 镇压，压制
All dissent was brutally suppressed.
独裁政权残酷镇压一切异议。
sustain [səˈsteɪn]
sub + tain → under + hold
v. 维持，支撑
His health can’t sustain heavy workload.
他身体越来越差，无法再支撑繁重工作。
elaboration [ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃn]
e + labor + ation → intensifier + work + 名词字尾
n. 详细阐述，发展
The concept needs more elaboration.
这个概念需要更详细的阐述。
emergence [ɪˈmɜːdʒəns]
e + merg + ence → out + dip + 名词字尾
n. 出现，兴起
Internet facilitated the emergence of new media.
互联网促进了新媒体形式的出现。
eroded [ɪˈrəʊdɪd]
e + rod + ed → out + bite + 形容词字尾
adj. 被侵蚀的
Stone steps were eroded by wind and rain.
石阶被风雨侵蚀得不成样子。
evolve [iˈvɒlv]
e + volve → out + roll
v. 进化，演化
The country is evolving into a true democracy.
这个国家正逐渐演变为真正的民主国家。
excavate [ˈekskəveɪt]
ex + cav + ate → out + cave + 动词字尾
v. 挖掘，发掘
Many fossils were excavated at this site.
这里出土了许多化石。
exhibit [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt]
ex + hibit → out + hold
v. 展现，表现
He exhibited no fear while defusing the bomb.
他拆弹时面无惧色。
expand [ɪkˈspænd]
ex + pand → out + stretch
v. 扩大，扩张
Legislators voted to expand education budget.
议员投票扩大教育预算。
exploit [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]
ex + ploit → out + fold
v. 利用，剥削
He tried to exploit his rival’s weaknesses.
候选人试图利用对手的弱点。
abhor [əbˈhɔː(r)]
ab + hor → away + horror
v. 痛恨，厌恶
I abhor people who litter at picnic sites.
我痛恨在野餐区乱扔垃圾的人。
abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ]
ab + olish → away + 动词字尾
v. 废除，废止
Americans abolished slavery in the 19th century.
美国在19世纪废除了奴隶制度。
seduce [sɪˈdjuːs]
se + duce → apart + lead
v. 引诱，诱惑
They seduced our best player with a high salary.
对方用高薪挖走我们最好的球员。
sever [ˈsevə(r)]
se + ver → apart + prepare
v. 切断，割断
The gardener severed the lowest branches.
园丁剪掉了最低的树枝。
declining [dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ]
de + clin + ing → down + lean + 形容词字尾
adj. 衰退的，走下坡的
The Roman Empire was declining and disintegrating.
罗马帝国晚年不断受袭并逐渐瓦解。
deliberation [dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn]
de + libra + tion → intensifier + scales + 名词字尾
n. 商议，深思熟虑
After months of deliberation, the council passed the law.
经过数月商议，市议会终于通过新法。
demanding [dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ]
de + mand + ing → intensifier + order + 形容词字尾
adj. 要求严苛的
The gourmet is demanding about wines.
这位美食家对葡萄酒要求极高。
derive [dɪˈraɪv]
de + rive → away + river
v. 取得，源自
The charity derives money from private donors.
这家慈善机构资金全部来自私人捐款。
desolate [ˈdesələt]
de + sol + ate → intensifier + one + 形容词字尾
adj. 荒凉的，孤寂的
The house felt desolate when children left.
孩子们离家后，房子显得很荒凉。
despondent [dɪˈspɒndənt]
de + spond + ent → away + pay + 形容词字尾
adj. 沮丧的，失望的
Her face shows if she’s happy or despondent.
看表情就知道她快乐还是沮丧。
deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]
de + teriorate → down + 动词字尾
v. 恶化，品质下降
The patient’s health deteriorated quickly.
末期病人的健康状况快速恶化。
detrimental [ˌdetrɪˈmentl]
de + trib + mental → away + rub + 形容词字尾
adj. 有害的
Moving the victim now may be detrimental.
现在移动伤者可能对她造成伤害。
devour [dɪˈvaʊə(r)]
de + vour → down + swallow
v. 吞食，狼吞虎咽
The boy devoured the burger in two bites.
饥饿的男孩两口就吃掉了汉堡。
collaborate [kəˈlæbəreɪt]
col + labor + ate → together + work + 动词字尾
v. 合作，协作
Two museums collaborated on a big exhibit.
两家博物馆合作举办大型展览。
combine [kəmˈbaɪn]
com + bi + ne → together + two + 动词字尾
v. 合并，结合
The two roads combine into one here.
两条路在这里合而为一。
compact [kəmˈpækt]
com + pact → together + fasten
adj. 紧凑的，简洁的
The mountaineer carried compact food.
登山者带了很多压缩食品。
comparative [kəmˈpærətɪv]
com + par + ative → together + equal + 形容词字尾
adj. 比较的，相对的
The test compares two remedies’ effectiveness.
实验旨在比较两种疗法的相对效果。
competing [kəmˈpiːtɪŋ]
com + pet + ing → together + seek + 形容词字尾
adj. 竞争的
Two competing brands fight for market share.
两大竞争品牌争夺市场占有率。
comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv]
com + pre + hens + ive → together + take + hold + 形容词字尾
adj. 综合的，全面的
The paper has a comprehensive source list.
研究论文附有完整的资料来源清单。
compression [kəmˈpreʃn]
com + press + ion → intensifier + press + 名词字尾
n. 压缩，压碎
Cows’ molars compress plant material.
牛的臼齿用来磨碎植物。
configuration [kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃn]
con + figur + ation → together + figure + 名词字尾
n. 配置，布局，造型
Furniture was arranged in different configurations.
家具试摆了多种样式才确定。
conflict [ˈkɒnflɪkt]
con + flict → together + strike
n. 冲突，矛盾
Conflicts between settlers and natives were common.
移民与原住民之间的冲突难以避免。
contaminate [kənˈtæmɪneɪt]
con + tam + inate → together + touch + 动词字尾
v. 污染，弄脏
Sewage contaminated the groundwater.
工厂污水污染了地下水。
context [ˈkɒntekst]
con + text → together + weave
n. 上下文，背景环境
Study the historical context of an event.
研究历史事件必须同时考察时代背景。
converge [kənˈvɜːdʒ]
con + verg + e → together + turn + 动词字尾
v. 汇聚，集中
Two cultures converged when settlers arrived.
移民到来使两种文化汇聚。
similarly [ˈsɪmələli]
sim + ilar + ly → same + 形容词字尾 + 副词字尾
adv. 相似地，类似地
I was treated similarly at that restaurant.
我在那家餐厅也受到类似对待。
simulate [ˈsɪmjuleɪt]
sim + ulate → same + 动词字尾
v. 模拟，假装
They used catsup to simulate blood.
导演用番茄酱模拟血腥场景的血液。
symmetry [ˈsɪmətri]
sym + metr + y → same + measure + 名词字尾
n. 对称，均衡
The cathedral’s beauty lies in its symmetry.
这座大教堂的美在于各元素的对称。
perpetual [pəˈpetʃuəl]
per + pet + ual → through + seek + 形容词字尾
adj. 永久的，永恒的
The cave depths are in perpetual darkness.
这些洞穴深处永远黑暗。
persist [pəˈsɪst]
per + sist → through + be
v. 持续，存留
Superstitions persist in the 21st century.
各种迷信在21世纪依然存在。
transcend [trænˈsend]
trans + scend → across + climb
v. 超越，超出
National defense transcends party politics.
国防大事超越党派政治。
transform [trænsˈfɔːm]
trans + form → across + form
v. 改变，改造
Lasers transformed cardiac surgery.
激光的使用彻底改变了心脏手术。
interlocked [ˌɪntəˈlɒkt]
inter + lock + ed → between + lock + 形容词字尾
adj. 互锁的，紧密相连的
Nations’ destinies are interlocked.
参与国的命运在多边峰会中紧密相连。
interplay [ˈɪntəpleɪ]
inter + play → between + play
n. 相互作用，互动
The interplay between couple is fascinating.
这一幕里夫妻间的互动很吸引人。
interpret [ɪnˈtɜːprɪt]
inter + pret → between + think
v. 解释，理解
It’s easier to interpret statistics with context.
知道数据来源更容易解读。
二、表示「好坏/错误」的字首
mishap [ˈmɪshæp]
mis + hap → wrong + happen
n. 不幸，意外事故
After several mishaps, he returned to Europe.
经历几次小意外后，他终于回到欧洲。
misleading [ˌmɪsˈliːdɪŋ]
mis + lead + ing → wrong + lead + 形容词字尾
adj. 误导的，骗人的
The ad has misleading information.
这篇宣传含有多条误导信息。
三、表示「数字」的字首
uniform [ˈjuːnɪfɔːm]
uni + form → one + form
adj. 一致的，统一的
Sound travels uniformly in the same medium.
声音在同一介质中速度一致。
unique [juˈniːk]
uni + que → one + 形容词字尾
adj. 独一无二的，独特的
Their fishing method is unique in Amazon.
这个部落的捕鱼法在亚马逊原住民中独一无二。
四、表示「方位」的字根
locate [ləʊˈkeɪt]
loc + ate → place + 动词字尾
v. 定位，找出
It’s hard to locate the main cause of the revolution.
很难精准找出法国大革命的单一主因。
location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn]
loc + ation → place + 名词字尾
n. 位置，地点
The house has great view and good location.
这房子风景美、位置好。
concentrate [ˈkɒnsntreɪt]
con + centr + ate → together + center + 动词字尾
v. 集中，专心
He can’t concentrate on the movie.
美女坐旁边，年轻人很难专心看电影。
eccentric [ɪkˈsentrɪk]
ex + centr + ic → out + center + 形容词字尾
adj. 古怪的，怪异的
His eccentric behavior shocked people.
他在公园的怪异行为令人侧目。
circumspect [ˈsɜːkəmspekt]
circum + spect → around + look
adj. 谨慎的，小心的
Be circumspect when dealing with press.
和媒体打交道一定要谨慎。
circumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns]
circum + sta + nce → around + be + 名词字尾
n. 环境，情况
Given the circumstances, I can’t blame you.
情况如此，我不能怪你。
subterranean [ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən]
sub + terra + nean → under + earth + 形容词字尾
adj. 地下的
A subterranean river flows through this area.
有一条地下河流经此地。
terrestrial [təˈrestriəl]
ter + restrial → earth + 形容词字尾
adj. 陆地的，地球的
Most terrestrial life breathes air.
大多数陆地生物直接从空气中获取氧气。
五、表示「大小」的字根
magnificent [mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt]
magn + fic + ent → great + make + 形容词字尾
adj. 壮丽的，宏伟的
The view of Everest is magnificent.
这里可以看到珠峰壮丽景色。
magnitude [ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd]
magn + itude → great + 名词字尾
n. 大小，规模，重要性
The task’s magnitude is daunting.
这项任务规模极大，令人望而生畏。
major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)]
maj + or → great + 形容词字尾
adj. 主要的，重大的
The major goal is to harass the enemy.
游击队突袭的主要目的是骚扰敌人。
immediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli]
im + medi + ately → not + middle + 副词字尾
adv. 立即，马上
He immediately asked for gas money.
答应载女士一程后，男子立刻要求油钱。
median [ˈmiːdiən]
medi + an → middle + 形容词字尾
adj. 中等的，中间的
The suspect was of median height.
目击者称嫌犯是中等身高。
diminish [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ]
de + mini + ish → down + small + 动词字尾
v. 减少，降低，贬低
The pain will gradually diminish.
服药后疼痛会逐渐减轻。
miniature [ˈmɪnətʃə(r)]
mini + ature → small + 名词字尾
adj. 微型的，小型的
The boy is a miniature of his father.
小男孩是他爸爸的迷你版。
minuscule [ˈmɪnəskjuːl]
minus + cule → small + 形容词字尾
adj. 微小的，极小的
Infection risk is minuscule for this surgery.
这种手术感染风险极小。
一、表示「多寡/满缺」的字根
completely [kəmˈpliːtli]
com + plet + e + ly → together + full + 形容词 + 副词字尾
adv. 完全地，彻底地
What he said is not completely true.
他说的话不完全是真的。
deplete [dɪˈpliːt]
de + plete → not + full
v. 耗尽，用光，使枯竭
The company depleted the forest of usable trees.
伐木公司把森林里可用树木砍光后就离开了。
plentiful [ˈplentɪfl]
plent + iful → full + 形容词字尾
adj. 大量的，丰富的，充裕的
Fish are plentiful in offshore waters.
沿岸海域鱼类资源丰富。
devoid of [dɪˈvɔɪd ɒv]
de + void → intensifier + empty
adj. 毫无，缺乏，没有
The desert is devoid of any large expanse of water.
沙漠里完全没有大片水域。
vanish [ˈvænɪʃ]
van + ish → empty + 动词字尾
v. 消失，灭绝，不复存在
Many endangered species will soon vanish.
若不妥善保护，许多濒危物种很快就会消失。
negative [ˈneɡətɪv]
neg + ative → no + 形容词字尾
adj. 负面的，消极的，否定的
You mustn’t be too negative about the future.
对未来你不能太消极。
neglect [nɪˈɡlekt]
neg + lect → no + choose
v./n. 忽略，疏忽，忽视
The engineer neglected to check the gauge.
意外发生是因为工程师忘了检查压力表。
二、表示「力量/价值」的字根
evaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt]
e + valu + ate → out + worth + 动词字尾
v. 评估，评价，估值
They hired an expert to evaluate the system.
公司聘请效率专家评估新生产系统。
valiant [ˈvæliənt]
val(i) + ant → strong + 形容词字尾
adj. 勇敢的，英勇的
Their valiant efforts may be in vain.
他们的英勇努力很可能白费。
valuable [ˈvæljuəbl]
valu + able → worth + able
adj. 有价值的，宝贵的
The ores in these mountains are quite valuable.
这片山区蕴藏的矿石价值很高。
effort [ˈefət]
ex + fort → out + strong
n. 努力，尽力
She made an effort not to spank the child.
妈妈努力克制不打调皮小孩。
reinforce [ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs]
re + in + force → again + in + strong
v. 加强，增援，强化
We need to reinforce the troops on the ground.
若不增援前线部队，我们可能会战败。
duration [djuˈreɪʃn]
dur + ation → last + 名词字尾
n. 持续时间，期间
I plan to stay for two weeks’ duration.
我告诉海关人员我计划在美国停留两周。
endure [ɪnˈdjʊə(r)]
en + dure → make + last
v. 持续，忍受，持久
Written Chinese has endured for thousands of years.
汉字已经延续数千年。
potent [ˈpəʊtnt]
potent → power
adj. 强效的，有力的
This is a potent medicine for headaches.
这是缓解头痛的强效药。
potential [pəˈtenʃl]
potent(i) + al → power + 形容词字尾
adj. 潜在的，有潜力的；n. 潜力
Rainforest plants are potential medication sources.
热带雨林植物可能成为药物来源。
三、表示「光明」的字根
illuminate [ɪˈluːmɪneɪt]
in + lumin + ate → in + light + 动词字尾
v. 照明，照亮，阐明
Lightning illuminated the house for a second.
一道闪电瞬间照亮了房子。
lucid [ˈluːsɪd]
luc + id → light + 形容词字尾
adj. 清晰的，易懂的，明了的
The reporter writes in a lucid style.
这位记者文笔清晰易懂。
luminous [ˈluːmɪnəs]
lumin + ous → light + 形容词字尾
adj. 发光的，明亮的，光泽的
The North Star is very luminous.
北极星是夜空中最亮的星星之一。
四、表示「记号/信号」的字根
signal [ˈsɪɡnl]
sign + al → mark + 名词字尾
n. 信号，暗号；v. 发信号
Visual signals are used for courtship.
许多动物用视觉信号作为主要求偶方式。
signature [ˈsɪɡnətʃə(r)]
sign + ature → mark + 名词字尾
n. 签名，标志，特色
Balance of reality and fantasy is his signature.
写实与幻想的平衡是这位艺术家的特色。
五、表示「发生/结束」的字根
accidental [ˌæksɪˈdentl]
ad + cid + ental → to + befall + 形容词字尾
adj. 意外的，偶然的
Any resemblance is purely accidental.
本故事纯属虚构，如有雷同纯属巧合。
occasionally [əˈkeɪʒnəli]
oc + cas + ionally → toward + befall + 副词字尾
adv. 偶尔，有时候
We meet occasionally for a drink.
我和那位老朋友偶尔会碰面喝一杯。
confine [kənˈfaɪn]
con + fine → together + limit
v. 限制，局限，禁闭
Dengue fever is confined to tropical regions.
登革热只发生在热带与亚热带地区。
infinite [ˈɪnfɪnət]
in + fin + ite → not + limit + 形容词字尾
adj. 无限的，无穷的
The infinite stars are beyond comprehension.
宇宙中无数星辰令人难以想象。
exterminate [ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt]
ex + termin + ate → out + end + 动词字尾
v. 消灭，根除，灭绝
It’s hard to exterminate viral diseases.
要消灭任何病毒性疾病都很困难。
disclose [dɪsˈkləʊz]
dis + close → not + close
v. 透露，泄露，公开
You may not disclose the contract contents.
根据保密协议，你不得向任何人透露合同内容。
exclude [ɪkˈskluːd]
ex + clude → out + close
v. 排除，排斥，不包括
The press was excluded from the conference.
记者被排除在会议之外。
include [ɪnˈkluːd]
in + clude → in + close
v. 包含，包括
The theories include all climate data.
这些理论包含了气候变化的所有最新数据。
六、表示「流动」的字根
affluent [ˈæfluənt]
ad + flu + ent → to + flow + 形容词字尾
adj. 富裕的，富足的
Western societies are affluent.
富裕的西方社会吸引了无数移民。
fluctuate [ˈflʌktʃueɪt]
fluct + uate → flow + 动词字尾
v. 波动，起伏，变动
Body temperatures fluctuate when you are ill.
生病时体温可能会上下波动。
concur [kənˈkɜː(r)]
con + cur → together + run
v. 同意，一致，赞同
Scientists concur that a comet killed dinosaurs.
多数科学家一致认为是小行星或彗星灭绝了恐龙。
current [ˈkʌrənt]
cur + rent → run + 形容词字尾
adj. 当前的，现行的；n. 趋势，水流
I started my current job three years ago.
我目前的工作是三年前开始的。
occur [əˈkɜː(r)]
oc + cur → toward + run
v. 发生，出现
The accident occurred just before landing.
意外发生在快要降落时。
七、表示「动作/移动」的字根
gather momentum
mob + mentum → move + 名词字尾
逐渐壮大，加速发展，蓄势
Green energy has gathered momentum.
能源危机后，绿色能源的使用越来越普及。
immobile [ɪˈməʊbaɪl]
im + mob + ile → not + move + 形容词字尾
adj. 不动的，静止的，固定的
Insects remain immobile when sensing danger.
许多昆虫感受到危险时会本能地静止不动。
motivation [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn]
mot + ivation → move + 名词字尾
n. 动机，动力，积极性
Revenge was the motivation for the murder.
调查人员认定复仇是这起谋杀案的动机。
promote [prəˈməʊt]
pro + mote → forward + move
v. 促进，推动，提升
Hard shells promote fossilization.
坚硬的骨骼或外壳能促进化石形成过程。
agitate [ˈædʒɪteɪt]
ag + itate → act + 动词字尾
v. 搅动，摇动，使不安
Dancers agitate the cloth to look like waves.
舞者在蓝布下用肢体抖动，让布面看起来像海浪起伏。
八、表示「变化/相同」的字根
controversial [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl]
contro + vers(i) + al → against + turn + 形容词字尾
adj. 有争议的，引起争论的
He implemented a controversial free lunch policy.
市长推行了一项有争议的政策：全民学童免费午餐。
diversification [daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]
dis + vers(i) + fic + ation → apart + change + make + 名词字尾
n. 多样化，多元化
Heterogeneous environment encourages diversification.
异质性高的环境有利于物种多样化。
inadvertently [ˌɪnədˈvɜːtntli]
in + ad + vert + ently → not + toward + turn + 副词字尾
adv. 无意地，不小心地，疏忽地
The teacher inadvertently gave out the answer.
老师回答考生问题时不小心泄露了答案。
equilibrium [ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbriəm]
equi + libri + um → equal + scales + 名词字尾
n. 平衡，均衡，均势
We need equilibrium between development and conservation.
我们必须在商业开发与自然保育之间找到平衡。
九、表示「成长/增减」的字根
creation [kriˈeɪʃn]
cre + ation → grow + 名词字尾
n. 创造，创作，发明物
Gunpowder was a Chinese creation.
火药是中国人的发明。
increase [ɪnˈkriːs]
in + cre + ase → in + grow + 动词字尾
v./n. 增加，增长，提高
His presence increases our chance of winning.
他加入大大提升了我们获胜的机会。
十、表示「弯曲/折叠」的字根
applicable [əˈplɪkəbl]
ad + plic + able → to + fold + able
adj. 适用的，合适的，可应用的
A standard for one family is not applicable for another.
对一个家庭合理的标准不一定适用于另一个家庭。
complex [ˈkɒmpleks]
com + plex → intensifier + fold
adj. 复杂的；n. 综合体，建筑群
The safe needs a complex procedure to open.
保险柜需要一套复杂程序才能打开。
一、表示「弯曲/折叠」的字根
duplicate [ˈdjuːplɪkeɪt]
du + plic + ate → two + fold + 动词字尾
v. 复制，重复；adj. 复制的
The company tries to duplicate its success overseas.
这家公司试图在海外复制国内的成功模式。
perplex [pəˈpleks]
per + plex → 加强 + fold
v. 使困惑，使茫然
The scientist is perplexed by the conflicting results.
两组实验结果矛盾，让科学家感到困惑。
supple [ˈsʌpl]
sup + ple → under + bend
adj. 柔软的，灵活的
The secretary has supple fingers and types fast.
秘书手指灵活，打字速度很快。
distort [dɪˈstɔːt]
dis + tort → apart + twist
v. 扭曲，歪曲，曲解
Media often distorts famous people’s words.
媒体经常歪曲名人的言行。
tortuous [ˈtɔːtjuəs]
tort + uous → twist + 形容词字尾
adj. 曲折的，拐弯抹角的
I can’t follow the tortuous argument.
我看不懂这篇论文里曲折的论证逻辑。
be inclined to
in + clin + ed → in + lean + 形容词字尾
倾向于，有…的趋势
The manager is inclined to approve the deal.
经理表示倾向于批准这笔交易。
二、表示「工作/做」的字根
affair [əˈfeə(r)]
ad + fair → to + do
n. 事情，事务，事件
The G20 summit is an important international affair.
20国集团峰会是一件重要国际大事。
affect [əˈfekt]
ad + fect → to + do
v. 影响，使改变
Don’t let failure affect you too much.
不要让这次失败过分影响你。
artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]
art(i) + fic(i) + al → skill + make + 形容词字尾
adj. 人造的，人工的，假的
Artificial flowers look like real ones.
人造花看起来越来越像真花，有些还有香味。
beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl]
bene + fic(i) + al → good + do + 形容词字尾
adj. 有益的，有利的
Exercise is beneficial to health.
运动公认有益健康。
defect [ˈdiːfekt]
de + fect → not + do
n. 缺点，缺陷，毛病
The new product was launched with minor defects.
尽管有些小瑕疵，新产品还是匆匆上市。
deficient [dɪˈfɪʃnt]
de + fic(i) + ent → not + do + 形容词字尾
adj. 不足的，缺乏的，有缺陷的
A diet deficient in vitamin C causes scurvy.
饮食中缺乏维生素C会导致坏血病。
facilitate [fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]
fac + ilitate → do + 动词字尾
v. 促进，使便利，帮助
Small classes facilitate math learning.
教育专家认为小班制有助于数学学习。
feasible [ˈfiːzəbl]
feas + ible → do + able
adj. 可行的，行得通的
The plan is feasible but lacks funding.
计划理论上可行，但我们没有那么多资金。
significant [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]
sign(i) + fic + ant → mark + make + 形容词字尾
adj. 重要的，显著的，大量的
His contributions to cancer research are significant.
这位医生对癌症研究贡献重大。
sufficient [səˈfɪʃnt]
sub + fic(i) + ent → under + do + 形容词字尾
adj. 足够的，充足的
The funds are sufficient for a 7-day trip.
这些资金足够七天旅行之用。
三、表示「站立/稳定」的字根
assist [əˈsɪst]
ad + sist → to + stand
v. 帮助，协助，援助
Lawyers were hired to assist in the case.
公司外聘两名律师帮忙打这场官司。
constant [ˈkɒnstənt]
con + sta + nt → 加强 + stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 持续的，恒定的，不变的
The company kept prices fairly constant.
这家公司价格一直保持稳定。
obstinate [ˈɒbstɪnət]
ob + stin + ate → against + stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 固执的，顽固的，倔强的
The manager is too obstinate to listen.
经理太固执，不肯听我的建议。
prestigious [preˈstɪdʒəs]
pre + sti + gious → before + stand + 形容词字尾
adj. 有声望的，受尊敬的
Harvard is the most prestigious university in the US.
哈佛是美国历史最悠久、声望最高的大学。
substantial [səbˈstænʃl]
sub + stant(i) + al → under + be + 形容词字尾
adj. 大量的，实质的，重大的
His contribution to research is substantial.
此人对癌症研究的贡献很大。
reside [rɪˈzaɪd]
re + side → back + sit
v. 居住，定居，存在于
This fish resides in shallow water.
这种鱼栖息在浅水区。
accumulate [əˈkjuːmjəleɪt]
ad + cum + ulate → to + lie + 动词字尾
v. 积累，积聚，堆积
Books accumulate in his study.
书在书房里越堆越多，直到没地方放。
四、表示「心/情感」的字根
cordial [ˈkɔːdiəl]
cord(i) + al → heart + 形容词字尾
adj. 热忱的，诚恳的，亲切的
Her cordial smile showed she was glad.
从她真诚的笑容能看出她真的很高兴见到我。
encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ]
en + courage → in + heart
v. 鼓励，激励，促进
Good infrastructure encourages foreign investment.
良好的基础设施能提振信心、吸引外资。
五、表示「人/品德」的字根
virtue [ˈvɜːtjuː]
vir + tue → man + 名词字尾
n. 美德，优点，长处
Bricks are cheap, which is their great virtue.
砖块作为建材有一大优点：便宜。
by virtue of
vir + tue → man + 名词字尾
prep. 由于，凭借，因为
Plants survive by virtue of little water.
这些植物凭借只需少量水分得以存活。
六、表示「知道/相信」的字根
ignore [ɪɡˈnɔː(r)]
in + gno + re → not + know + 动词字尾
v. 忽视，不理，无视
Headaches should not be ignored.
头痛可能是疾病征兆，不可忽视。
recognize [ˈrekəɡnaɪz]
re + cogn + ize → again + know + 动词字尾
v. 认出，识别，承认
You can recognize him by his goatee.
你可以通过他花白的山羊胡轻易认出他。
credible [ˈkredəbl]
cred + ible → believe + able
adj. 可信的，可靠的，合理的
You need a credible excuse for not going.
你不去得找个合理的借口。
七、表示「拿取/接受」的字根
anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
ante + cip + ate → before + take + 动词字尾
v. 预期，预料，期望
I don’t anticipate our team will win easily.
我不预期我们队这次能轻松获胜。
concept [ˈkɒnsept]
con + cept → together + take
n. 概念，观念，想法
Some concepts in this book are original.
这本书里有些概念相当新颖。
consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn]
con + sumpt + ion → together + take + 名词字尾
n. 消耗，消费，耗尽
Produce is shipped to the city for consumption.
村子出产的农产品大多运往附近城市消费。
resume [rɪˈzjuːm]
re + sume → again + take
v. 重新开始，恢复，继续
Everybody resumed work after the fire drill.
消防演练结束后，大家重新开始工作。
attain [əˈteɪn]
ad + tain → to + hold
v. 达到，获得，实现
Don’t set goals too lofty to attain.
目标不要定得太高而难以实现。
retain [rɪˈteɪn]
re + tain → back + hold
v. 保持，保留，记住
It’s easier to retain words by knowing their structure.
了解单词构成更容易记住单词。
sustain [səˈsteɪn]
sub + tain → under + hold
v. 维持，支撑，承受
My income can’t sustain my family.
我的收入不足以养家。
compose [kəmˈpəʊz]
com + pose → together + place
v. 组成，构成，创作
The machine is composed of six parts.
这台机器由六个可替换零件组成。
propose [prəˈpəʊz]
pro + pose → forward + place
v. 提议，建议，打算
The philosopher proposed a new morality.
这位哲学家提出了一套以利己为基础的道德观。
一、表示「携带/承载」的字根
offer [ˈɒfə(r)]
of + fer → toward + carry
v. 提供，给予
The rooftop terrace offers beautiful views.
屋顶露台提供优美的视野。
proliferate [prəˈlɪfəreɪt]
prol(i) + fer + ate → forward + bear + 动词字尾
v. 繁殖，激增，扩散
Rabbits proliferated quickly in Australia.
兔子在澳洲没有天敌，因此快速繁殖。
transfer [trænsˈfɜː(r)]
trans + fer → across + carry
v. 转移，移交，调任
The case was transferred to the district attorney.
案件调查由警方移交给地方检察官。
important [ɪmˈpɔːtnt]
im + port + ant → in + carry + 形容词字尾
adj. 重要的，重大的
Timing is important in pottery firing.
时间掌控是烧陶最重要的因素。
portable [ˈpɔːtəbl]
port + able → carry + able
adj. 便携的，手提式的
Fixed devices are replaced by portable ones.
固定设备逐渐被可携带甚至穿戴式装置取代。
二、表示「给予/归属」的字根
attribute [əˈtrɪbjuːt]
ad + tribute → to + give
v. 把…归因于；n. 属性，特征
He attributes his success to good timing.
诺贝尔奖得主将成功归因于天时地利。
distribute [dɪˈstrɪbjuːt]
dis + tribute → apart + give
v. 分发，分布，散布
Animals are distributed unevenly in the Arctic.
北极地区动物分布很不均匀。
三、表示「推/拉/强迫」的字根
compel [kəmˈpel]
com + pel → 加强 + push
v. 强迫，迫使
Honor compelled me to admit my mistake.
荣誉感迫使我承认错误。
compelling [kəmˈpelɪŋ]
com + pel + ling → 加强 + push + 形容词字尾
adj. 令人信服的，强有力的
There is compelling evidence for smoking and cancer.
有强有力证据显示吸烟可能导致肺癌。
distract [dɪˈstrækt]
dis + tract → apart + pull
v. 使分心，转移注意力
His competitiveness distracts from his other qualities.
他好胜的本性让人忽略他其他优点。
extract [ɪkˈstrækt]
ex + tract → out + pull
v. 提取，抽出，摘录
Oils are extracted from herbal plants.
精油从草本植物中提炼，加入香水与洗发精。
四、表示「引导/跟随」的字根
induce [ɪnˈdjuːs]
in + duce → in + lead
v. 诱导，引起，劝说
Strikers induced others to stay away from work.
罢工者诱导更多人加入停工。
reduce [rɪˈdjuːs]
re + duce → back + lead
v. 减少，降低，简化
Vitamin E may reduce cholesterol.
研究显示维生素E可能降低胆固醇。
consequent [ˈkɒnsɪkwənt]
con + sequ + ent → together + follow + 形容词字尾
adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的
Free transport reduces cars and pollution.
免费公共交通使私家车减少，有助于降低空气污染。
sequence [ˈsiːkwəns]
sequ + ence → follow + 名词字尾
n. 顺序，序列，一连串
The ornithologist studies migration sequence.
鸟类学家试图建立候鸟抵达湖泊的顺序。
五、表示「来/去/行走」的字根
conventional [kənˈvenʃənl]
con + vent + ional → together + come + 形容词字尾
adj. 传统的，惯例的，常规的
He is conservative with conventional opinions.
他为人保守，观念传统。
eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli]
e + vent + ually → out + come + 副词字尾
adv. 最终，终于
You will achieve your goal eventually.
走对路，最后一定能达成目标。
initial [ɪˈnɪʃl]
in + it(i) + al → in + go + 形容词字尾
adj. 最初的，开始的
Mountains caused initial isolation.
山脉是造成人口最初孤立的屏障。
transition [trænˈzɪʃn]
trans + it + ion → across + go + 名词字尾
n. 过渡，转变，变迁
The nation transitioned to democracy smoothly.
该国从独裁平稳转型为多党民主。
succeed [səkˈsiːd]
suc + ceed → after + go
v. 成功，继承，继续
Sparrows succeed worldwide.
麻雀在世界各地都能生存繁衍。
aggressive [əˈɡresɪv]
ad + gress + ive → toward + step + 形容词字尾
adj. 侵略性的，好斗的，积极的
Animals act aggressively when deprived of sleep.
动物被剥夺睡眠会表现出攻击行为。
六、表示「切断/连接」的字根
decisive [dɪˈsaɪsɪv]
de + cis + ive → away + cut + 形容词字尾
adj. 决定性的，果断的
Opposable thumb was decisive in evolution.
对生拇指在人类演化中扮演决定性角色。
precise [prɪˈsaɪs]
pre + cise → before + cut
adj. 精确的，准确的，严谨的
The newspaper gave a precise account.
报纸对事件做了精确报道。
adjoining [əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ]
ad + join + ing → to + join + 形容词字尾
adj. 相邻的，毗邻的
Adjoining seats may be empty during exams.
考试时邻座可能会空着。
七、表示「选择/判断」的字根
opt [ɒpt]
opt → choose
v. 选择，挑选
Consumers opt for low-priced goods.
消费者大多会选择低价商品。
allegedly [əˈledʒɪdli]
ad + leg + edly → to + speak + 副词字尾
adv. 据称，据说
Mammals allegedly ate dinosaur eggs.
有学者称恐龙灭绝是因为哺乳动物吃光了蛋。
critically [ˈkrɪtɪkli]
crit + ically → sift + 副词字尾
adv. 关键地，严重地，批判性地
Success depends critically on preparation.
成功关键取决于准备程度。
八、表示「投掷/投射」的字根
adjacent [əˈdʒeɪsnt]
ad + jac + ent → to + throw + 形容词字尾
adj. 邻近的，毗邻的
The victim was sent to the adjacent hospital.
车祸伤者被送往附近医院。
objective [əbˈdʒektɪv]
ob + ject + ive → toward + throw + 形容词字尾
n. 目标；adj. 客观的
Historians try to be objective.
历史学家力求客观公正。
reject [rɪˈdʒekt]
re + ject → back + throw
v. 拒绝，排斥，驳回
Demonstrators rejected vote-buying.
示威者大量出动抵制贿选。
transmit [trænsˈmɪt]
trans + mit → across + send
v. 传输，传播，传递
Knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student.
教室里知识由老师传递给学生。
九、表示「询问/寻求」的字根
inquisitive [ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv]
in + quis + itive → in + ask + 形容词字尾
adj. 好奇的，爱打听的
Don’t be too inquisitive.
“好奇害死猫”意即不要太过八卦。
prerequisite [ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt]
pre + re + quis + ite → before + again + seek + 形容词字尾
n. 先决条件，前提
Calculus is a prerequisite for this course.
微积分基础是修这门课的先决条件。
十、表示「伸展/拉紧」的字根
extend [ɪkˈstend]
ex + tend → out + stretch
v. 延长，延伸，扩大
Farmers asked to extend subsidies.
农民要求政府延长补助期限。
extensive [ɪkˈstensɪv]
ex + tens + ive → out + stretch + 形容词字尾
adj. 广泛的，大量的，广阔的
Antibiotics are extensively used in poultry farms.
抗生素在家禽养殖场被广泛使用。
一、表示「拉紧/强度」的字根
intense [ɪnˈtens]
in + tense → in + stretch
adj. 强烈的，极度的
Intense light reveals counterfeit bills.
用强烈紫外线照钞票可看出伪造痕迹。
intensify [ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ]
in + tens + ify → in + stretch + make
v. 增强，加剧，激化
The conflict quickly intensified.
冲突迅速扩大并卷入多国。
tendency [ˈtendənsi]
tend + ency → stretch + 名词字尾
n. 倾向，趋势，偏好
Students tend to socialize in the evenings.
学生有晚上外出社交的倾向。
tension [ˈtenʃn]
tens + ion → stretch + 名词字尾
n. 张力，压力，紧张局势
Tension builds up and causes earthquakes.
板块边缘累积巨大应力，偶尔引发强震。
二、表示「破坏/建造」的字根
fracture [ˈfræktʃə(r)]
fract + ure → break + 动词字尾
v. 使破裂，断裂；n. 裂缝
Freezing water may fracture rocks.
水反复冻融可能造成岩石崩裂。
fragile [ˈfrædʒaɪl]
frag + ile → break + 形容词字尾
adj. 易碎的，脆弱的，易损的
Earth is sturdy but fragile.
地球看似坚固，其实相当脆弱。
abruptly [əˈbrʌptli]
ab + rupt + ly → away + break + 副词字尾
adv. 突然地，意外地
He stopped so abruptly.
最前面的人突然停下，后面的人来不及煞车。
disrupt [dɪsˈrʌpt]
dis + rupt → apart + break
v. 扰乱，使中断，破坏
Warming disrupts bird migration.
全球暖化可能扰乱某些鸟类迁徙。
destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ]
de + struct + y → not + build + 动词字尾
v. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭
The fire destroyed a dozen houses.
大火烧毁了十几栋房屋。
obstruct [əbˈstrʌkt]
ob + struct → against + build
v. 妨碍，阻碍，阻挡
Furniture obstructs the hallway.
走廊堆放家具会妨碍进出。
三、表示「统治/规则」的字根
irregular [ɪˈreɡjələ(r)]
ir + reg + ular → not + rule + 形容词字尾
adj. 不规则的，不稳定的
Business is too irregular for income.
最近生意不稳定，无法提供固定收入。
regulate [ˈreɡjuleɪt]
reg + ulate → rule + 动词字尾
v. 管理，控制，调节
Traffic lights regulate traffic.
红绿灯设在繁忙路口疏导交通。
domain [dəˈmeɪn]
dom + ain → house + 名词字尾
n. 领域，范围，领地
Nuclear safety belongs to science domain.
核安属于科学领域，但大众都爱发表意见。
dominant [ˈdɒmɪnənt]
domin + ant → lord + 形容词字尾
adj. 占优势的，主导的，主要的
The heart is the dominant organ.
心脏是循环系统的主要器官。
四、表示「书写/文字」的字根
engrave [ɪnˈɡreɪv]
en + grave → make + write
v. 雕刻，铭记，镌刻
The tombstone was engraved with words.
墓碑上刻着墓志铭。
describe [dɪˈskraɪb]
de + scribe → down + write
v. 描述，形容，描绘
The witness described the kidnapper.
目击者极详细地描述了绑匪样貌。
五、表示「说话/断言」的字根
contradiction [ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃn]
contra + dict + ion → against + speak + 名词字尾
n. 矛盾，否认，反驳
They see no contradiction in violence.
激进分子用暴力建宗教国，却不觉得矛盾。
predict [prɪˈdɪkt]
pre + dict → before + speak
v. 预言，预测，预告
Analysts predict the bull market.
股票分析师预测牛市还会持续一季。
analogous [əˈnæləɡəs]
ana + log + ous → again + word + 形容词字尾
adj. 相似的，类似的，可比拟的
The nation is like a bankrupt company.
小国经济与濒临破产公司状况相似。
provoke [prəˈvəʊk]
pro + voke → forward + call
v. 激起，引起，挑衅
Cooperation provoked communal steps.
经济合作需求促成共同体的第一步。
六、表示「看/观察」的字根
aspect [ˈæspekt]
ad + spect → toward + look
n. 方面，层面，外观
The event has economic and social aspects.
这一历史事件可从经济、政治、社会三方面看。
conspicuous [kənˈspɪkjuəs]
con + spic + uous → 加强 + look + 形容词字尾
adj. 显著的，显眼的，突出的
A red apple is conspicuous in green ones.
一颗红苹果在青苹果中格外显眼。
perspective [pəˈspektɪv]
per + spect + ive → through + look + 名词字尾
n. 观点，视角，看法
Criticism is from personal perspective.
这篇评论出自作者个人视角，不够客观。
respectively [rɪˈspektɪvli]
re + spect + ively → back + look + 副词字尾
adv. 分别地，各自地
Mary and Jane are 23 and 27, respectively.
玛丽和简分别是23岁与27岁。
evidence [ˈevɪdəns]
e + vid + ence → out + look + 名词字尾
n. 证据，证明，迹象
No evidence of human error was found.
调查未发现人为疏失证据。
revise [rɪˈvaɪz]
re + vise → back + see
v. 修订，修改，修正
The author revised many poems.
作者在最新版中修改了许多诗选。
七、表示「触碰/感觉」的字根
contagious [kənˈteɪdʒəs]
con + tag + ious → together + touch + 形容词字尾
adj. 传染的，有感染力的
Ebola is a contagious disease.
埃博拉是死亡率达五成的传染病。
intact [ɪnˈtækt]
in + tact → not + touch
adj. 完整无缺的，未受损伤的
Everything else remained intact.
窃贼只偷走大钻石，其他物品完好如初。
integral [ˈɪntɪɡrəl]
in + tegr + al → not + touch + 形容词字尾
adj. 完整的，不可或缺的
Filial piety is integral to ethics.
孝道是中国传统伦理不可或缺的部分。
consensus [kənˈsensəs]
con + sens + us → together + feel + 名词字尾
n. 共识，一致意见，舆论
Investigators reached a consensus.
调查人员就灾害最可能原因达成共识。
compassion [kəmˈpæʃn]
com + pass + ion → together + feel + 名词字尾
n. 同情，怜悯，慈悲
Doctors with compassion are rare now.
有温度、有同情心的医生越来越少。
八、表示「生/生命」的字根
viable [ˈvaɪəbl]
viv + able → live + able
adj. 可行的，能存活的
Ancient seeds remain viable.
从永冻层取出的古种子仍可发芽。
vital [ˈvaɪtl]
vit + al → live + 形容词字尾
adj. 至关重要的，生死攸关的
Secrecy is vital to security.
国家安全事务中保密至关重要。
naive [nɑːˈiːv]
nat + ive → born + 形容词字尾
adj. 天真的，幼稚的，无知的
Children are naive to ads.
小孩太天真，电视广告说什么都信。
九、表示「社会/联结」的字根
associated [əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd]
ad + soci + ated → to + group + 形容词字尾
adj. 关联的，相关的
High cholesterol is a health risk.
高胆固醇及其相关疾病是健康大敌。
十、表示「司法/正义」的字根
judge [dʒʌdʒ]
jud + ge → right + 动词字尾
v. 判断，评价，裁判
Critics judge the book as excellent.
评论家给这本书极高评价。
justified [ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd]
just + ified → right + make + 形容词字尾
adj. 合理的，有正当理由的
His claim was justified by tests.
实验证明他声称找到疗法是有根据的。
legitimately [lɪˈdʒɪtɪmətli]
leg + itimately → law + 副词字尾
adv. 正当地，合法地，合理地
He could not be called king legitimately.
加冕礼还有一周，乔治三世尚不能合法称国王。
表示「正直」與「規能」的字根
MP3 489
rect (rig): straight
direct [dəˈrekt]
dis + rect → away + straight
引導
Air ducts in the roof of the car direct cold air to rear-seat passengers.
車頂內的導風管將冷氣引到後座乘客。
erect [ɪˈrekt]
e + rect → intensifier + straight
adj. 直立的；v. 建造
Homo erectus walked with an erect posture.
「直立人」以直立姿態行走。
Settlers erected farms wherever there was good soil and available water.
只要有肥沃土壤、充足水源，移民就蓋起農場。
norm: standard
enormous [ɪˈnɔːrməs]
e + norm + ous → out + standard + 形容詞字尾
巨大的
The student is under enormous pressure to pass an important exam.
學生為了通過一項重要的考試，面臨巨大壓力。
norm [nɔːrm]
norm → standard
常規，慣例
For business lunches, it is the norm that whoever is invited does not pay.
商務午餐的常規是受邀者不用付錢。
多意義字根
MP3 491
gen: born, produce, kind
generate [ˈdʒenəreɪt]
gen + erate → produce + 動詞字尾
造成，引起
These changes are likely to generate controversy.
這些改變可能會引起爭議。
genuineness [ˈdʒenjuɪnnəs]
gen + uineness → kind + 名詞字尾
真實性
An expert verified the genuineness of the document.
專家驗證了這份文件的真實性。
heterogeneous [ˌhetərəˈdʒiːniəs]
hetero + gen(e) + ous → different + kind + 形容詞字尾
異質的，雜種的
With so many foreign students, this university has a very heterogeneous student body.
這所大學的外籍學生甚多，學生組成相當多元。
ingenious [ɪnˈdʒiːniəs]
in + gen(i) + ous → in + born + 形容詞字尾
聰明的，靈巧的
Plants and animals adapt to their environments in ingenious ways.
動植物各有妙招來適應環境。
ingenuity [ˌɪndʒəˈnuːəti]
in + gen(u) + ity → in + born + 名詞字尾
聰明，創意
Thanks largely to the ingenuity of the CEO, the company has been able to double its market share.
公司的市占率翻了一倍，主要歸功於執行長的創意。
compensate for [ˈkɒmpənseɪt]
com + pens + ate → together + pay + 動詞字尾
彌補
We need to hurry up, to compensate for our late start.
我們起步太晚，得加快才能彌補。
independent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]
in + de + pend + ent → not + down + hang + 形容詞字尾
獨立的，自主的
The U.S. became an independent nation in 1776.
美國在1776年成為獨立國家。
indispensable [ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl]
in + dis + pens + able → not + apart + pay + able
不可或缺的
To be a good teacher, patience is indispensable.
要成為好老師，耐心是不可或缺的。
sponsor [ˈspɒnsə]
spons + or → pay + 動詞字尾
贊助，支持
Early writers and painters had workshops that were sponsored by princes and nobles.
早期的作家與畫家的工作室，是由王公貴族出資贊助的。
suspend [səˈspend]
sus + pend → under + hang
懸掛，懸浮
The light is suspended from a long cord.
這盞燈由一條長繩懸掛著。
Part 5 托福TPO字彙：其他
MP3 494
albeit [ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt]
al + be + it → all + be + it
雖然
The nation is moving, albeit slowly, toward a true democracy.
這個國家正邁向真正的民主制度，雖然速度緩慢。
amount to [əˈmaʊnt]
總計達…
My traffic expenses last month amounted to 2,000 dollars.
我上個月的交通費總計是2000元。
apart from
除了…之外
The trip was a disaster: apart from a flat tire, we also ran out of gas.
這次旅行糟透了：除了爆胎，我們還沒油了。
at random [ˈrændəm]
隨機地
The winning digits are chosen at random.
得獎數字是隨機選出來的。
bombard [bɒmˈbɑːd]
bomb + ard → bomb + 動詞字尾
轟炸
Nazi aircraft bombarded England almost every day.
納粹飛機幾乎每天轟炸英格蘭。
bulk [bʌlk]
體積；大量
At shopping malls you have to buy certain goods in bulk.
在購物商場，有些商品必須大量購買。
bustling [ˈbʌslɪŋ]
忙碌的
New Orleans was a bustling port in the 19th century.
紐奧良在19世紀時是個繁忙的港口。
cease [siːs]
cess → 停止，結束
停止
All hostilities ceased once the peace treaty went into effect.
和平條約生效後，敵對行動全部停止。
cluster [ˈklʌstə]
一群，一簇
There are clusters of white flowers amid the green.
一片綠葉中有一簇簇的白花。
coating [ˈkəʊtɪŋ]
一層
Under a coating of gold, the statue is made of wood.
雕像是木製的，外層鍍著一層黃金。
crude [kruːd]
粗糙的；粗陋的
At present I can only give you a crude estimate of the cost.
目前我只能給你粗陋的成本估計。
culminate in [ˈkʌlmɪneɪt]
達到頂點；以…告終
Changes in human social structures culminated in the rise of great empires.
人類社會結構的改變，最終促成大帝國的興起。
MP3 496
desirable [dɪˈzaɪərəbl]
良好的；有益的
One desirable quality of the willow tree is the medicinal value of its bark.
柳樹有一項有益的特點是樹皮具藥用價值。
document [ˈdɒkjəmənt]
記錄
The ancient Chinese documented their important activities on bamboo.
古代中國人用竹簡記錄重大事件。
dramatic [drəˈmætɪk]
戲劇化的；引人注目的
The dramatic coloration in a peacock’s tail is chiefly used for courtship.
孔雀尾巴上引人注目的配色主要用於求偶。
dramatically [drəˈmætɪkli]
戲劇化地，大幅地
The new procedure has dramatically lowered costs.
新程序大幅降低了成本。
drastically [ˈdræstɪkli]
劇烈地，激烈地
To control your weight properly, you have to drastically cut down your calorie intake.
要好好控制體重，你得大量減少熱量攝取。
drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk]
draw + back
缺點
The drawback of pollination by wind is that wind does not blow constantly.
風力授粉的缺點是：風不是一直都有。
embellish [ɪmˈbelɪʃ]
en + bell + ish → make + beauty + 動詞字尾
美化，裝飾
The garden was embellished with a Greek statue.
花園裡有座希臘雕像作為裝飾。
empirical [ɪmˈpɪrɪkl]
經驗主義的，基於觀察的
The approach in this research paper is strictly empirical.
這篇研究論文完全採用實證的方式。
encroachment [ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt]
侵入
Sometimes birds sing to defend their territories from encroachment by other birds.
鳥兒有時鳴唱是為了防止其他鳥的入侵以捍衛領域。
engage [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]
雇用，聘用
The dancer was engaged by the biggest dance troupe in the nation.
全國最大舞團聘僱了這位舞蹈家。
enhance [ɪnˈhɑːns]
提高；提升
Farmers soon learned that fertilizing the soil could enhance the productivity of the land.
農民很快了解到，土壤施肥可以增加土地的生產力。
MP3 498
enigmatic [ˌenɪɡˈmætɪk]
e + nig + matic → intensifier + black + 形容詞字尾
謎一般的
No one understands these enigmatic symbols in the ancient scroll.
無人看得懂古老手卷上謎一般的符號。
enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ]
en + joy → make + joy
享受；經歷
Miniskirts are enjoying a comeback.
迷你裙再度流行起來。
enlist [ɪnˈlɪst]
en + list → make + list
尋求（協助）
The magician cast a spell, as if enlisting the aid of spirits.
魔法師念咒，彷彿在召喚幽靈協助。
entitled to [ɪnˈtaɪtld]
en + titled → make + titled
有權可以…的
Anyone holding the ticket is entitled to enter freely.
持有票券者可以免費入場。
ethic [ˈeθɪk]
（某行業的）倫理，道德
“Always tell the truth” is the journalist’s ethic.
「永遠說真話」是新聞記者的職業道德。
flee [fliː]
逃離
Fleeing the famine at home, many refugees come to the West.
許多難民逃離家鄉的饑荒，來到西方國家。
MP3 499
fringe [frɪndʒ]
邊緣
Huge shopping malls are often located on the fringes of the city.
大型購物商場常設置在城市邊緣。
further [ˈfɜːðə]
更進一步的
When the water boils, cook for a further five minutes.
水滾了之後再煮五分鐘。
gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd]
有才華的
The gifted young man is destined for a great career.
這位有才華的青年注定幹一番大事業。
gratify [ˈɡrætɪfaɪ]
grat(i) + fact + y → pleasing + make + 動詞字尾
使滿足
No parents can gratify all the wishes of their children immediately.
沒有任何父母能立刻滿足小孩的所有願望。
halt [hɔːlt]
停止
When the debris of the asteroid cut off sunlight, photosynthesis halted.
小行星碎片阻隔了陽光，光合作用於是停止。
hazard [ˈhæzəd]
危險
Swimmers in these shallows must protect themselves against sharks and other hazards.
泳客在這些淺水要注意鯊魚及其他危險。
highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt]
high + light
強調，突顯
The report highlights the importance of preventive measures.
這份報告強調預防措施的重要性。
hint [hɪnt]
暗示，提示
The writer of the mystery has provided several vague hints about the identity of the killer.
關於兇手的身分，推理小說作家提供了幾個模糊的暗示。
inflate [ɪnˈfleɪt]
in + flate → in + blow
充氣，膨脹
A frog inflates the sac under its chin to make loud croaks.
青蛙鼓起下巴下方的氣囊，以發出響亮的叫聲。
insights into
對…的洞見，深入理解
The experiment will give scientists insights into the origin of life on Earth.
這項實驗將讓科學家深入了解地球生命的起源。
instigate [ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt]
激起；煽動
It is feared that drastic tax hikes might instigate widespread revolt.
大幅增稅，恐怕會激起廣泛的叛亂。
intrinsically [ɪnˈtrɪnzɪkli]
本質上
A cyclone is intrinsically unstable.
氣旋本質上就不穩定。
lavishly [ˈlævɪʃli]
豐富地，大量地
The mansion was lavishly decorated with antiques and works of art.
這棟豪宅有大量古董與藝術品裝飾。
make it
成功抵達
Many refugees never make it to Europe: they are drowned in the Mediterranean.
許多難民都未能成功抵達歐洲，而是在地中海溺斃。
manage to [ˈmænɪdʒ]
manu + age → hand + 動詞字尾
能，成功做到
The prisoners managed to break out of prison without getting hurt.
這些囚犯在沒有受傷的情況下成功越獄。
meager [ˈmiːɡə]
微薄的
During the drought, these hunter-gatherers can only find meager amounts of food.
旱災期間，這些狩獵採集者只能找到少量食物。
MP3 502
mechanism for [ˈmekənɪzəm]
由…的機制，…的方法
Photosynthesis by green plants is an important mechanism for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
綠色植物的光合作用是移除大氣層中二氧化碳的重要機制。
meticulously [məˈtɪkjələsli]
一絲不苟地
Flowers in this vase have been meticulously arranged.
花瓶裡的花被精心地擺放。
modify [ˈmɒdɪfaɪ]
mod(i) + fact + y → measure + make + 動詞字尾
修改
The company plans to modify its employment policies so as to recruit highly qualified candidates only.
公司打算修改聘僱政策，只招聘資歷卓越的求職者。
most pronounced [prəˈnaʊnst]
最明顯的，最顯著的
The distortion effect of air is most pronounced in the desert, where one often sees mirages.
空氣的扭曲現象在沙漠中最明顯，常常可以看到幻象。
mundane [mʌnˈdeɪn]
平凡的，普通的
Picasso turned such mundane objects as newspapers and tennis balls into works of art.
畢卡索把報紙、網球這些平凡的東西變成藝術品。
notably [ˈnəʊtəbli]
尤其
Colorful vegetables, notably pumpkins, are highly nutritious.
色彩鮮豔的蔬菜營養豐富，尤其是南瓜。
out of sight
看不到，在視線之外
The 17-year cicada stays out of sight for most of its exceptionally long life.
壽命17年的蟬，在特別長的生命中，大部分時間都居於人看不到的地方。
outdated [aʊtˈdeɪtɪd]
out + dat + ed → out + date + 形容詞字尾
過時的
The ideas in this article are outdated and no longer applicable.
文章裡的觀念已過時，不再適用。
outermost [ˈaʊtəməʊst]
outer + most
最外圍的，最遠的
The outermost ring of the city is inhabited by the commuters.
通勤族住在城市的最外圍。
overall [ˌəʊvərˈɔːl]
over + all
整體而言
There are many more species overall in the Amazon jungle than anywhere else.
整體而言，亞馬遜叢林裡的物種是世界各地最多的。
MP3 504
overlie [ˌəʊvəˈlaɪ]
over + lie
覆蓋
After the eruption of the nearby volcano, the whole town was overlain by volcanic ash.
附近那座火山爆發之後，整個城鎮被火山灰覆蓋。
overwhelming [ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ]
壓倒性的
Goaded by an overwhelming sense of guilt, the criminal turned himself in.
在強烈的罪惡感驅使下，罪犯自首投案。
particular [pəˈtɪkjələ]
特定的，明確的
I’d like to visit a museum in Venice, but I don’t have a particular one in mind yet.
我到威尼斯想參觀博物館，但還沒想到要去哪一間。
peak [piːk]
高峰，頂點
In the fifth century BCE, Athens was at the peak of its power.
西元前第五世紀，雅典正處於權力高峰。
penetrate [ˈpenətreɪt]
穿透
An arrow is equipped with a hard tip with which to penetrate its target.
箭上裝上堅硬的箭頭，用以射穿目標。
pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈnɪə]
先鋒，先驅
Sigmund Freud was a pioneer in the study of the subconscious.
西格蒙德·佛洛伊德是研究潛意識的先驅。
plug [plʌɡ]
塞住
Trucks arrived loaded with gravel to plug the holes in the road before paving it over.
卡車載著碎石來，要先填滿坑洞，然後重鋪路面。
practical [ˈpræktɪkl]
實際的
The researcher came up with a practical way to harness the power of the waves.
研究者提出一個實際可行的方法來利用波浪產生的動能。
prime [praɪm]
prime → first
高品質的，優良的
Prime agricultural land had all been taken up, so the new immigrants had to settle for land that is more rocky and barren.
肥沃的農地都被占領了，所以新移民只得接受岩石多、較貧瘠的土地。
promptly [ˈprɒmptli]
快速地
When one person disembarked, the seat he left behind was promptly taken by another.
每當有人下車，空出的座位很快就被別人佔走。
quantifiable [ˈkwɒntɪfaɪəbl]
可以量化的
The degree of enthusiasm is not a quantifiable thing.
熱情的程度是無法量化的。
MP3 506
readily [ˈredɪli]
容易地
Books in the public domain are readily available online.
公版書在網路上很容易取得。
retard [rɪˈtɑːd]
re + tard → back + slow
減緩
The presence of tall buildings tends to retard the dissipation of heat.
高樓大廈林立，會減緩熱量的散發。
rigidly [ˈrɪdʒɪdli]
rig + idly → hard + 副詞字尾
嚴格地；僵硬地
The Indian social system was rigidly hierarchical, while that in ancient China was much more fluid and mobile.
印度的社會有嚴格的階級制度，中國的古代社會則有比較大的流動性。
ritual [ˈrɪtʃuəl]
儀式性的
The anthropologist has captured 10 minutes of ritual dancing on film.
人類學家拍到了10分鐘的儀式舞蹈。
rudimentary [ˌruːdɪˈmentəri]
rudi + mentary → root + 形容詞字尾
根本的，基本的
My grandfather only received a rudimentary education.
我祖父只受過最基本的教育。
sacred [ˈseɪkrɪd]
sacr + ed → sacred + 形容詞字尾
神聖的
There is a sacred spring beside the temple.
寺廟旁有座神泉。
scarcity [ˈskeəsəti]
稀少，缺乏
The scarcity of food in the ocean depths has triggered ingenious adaptations.
深海的食物匱乏，因而產生各種巧妙的適應方式。
scores [skɔːz]
數十個，許多
The expedition encountered scores of wild elephants.
探險隊碰到數十頭野象。
seek [siːk]
企圖
The king promised he would not seek to annex his smaller neighbor.
國王承諾他不會企圖併吞那個較小的鄰國。
seep [siːp]
滲透
Surface runoff often seeps underground.
表面流水常常滲透到地底下。
severe [sɪˈvɪə]
嚴重的；極端的
After a prolonged drought, the food shortage in these areas is severe.
長期的乾旱之後，這些地區出現嚴重的食物短缺。
shift [ʃɪft]
轉移
Part 5 托福TPO字彙：其他
MP3 508
shift [ʃɪft]
轉移
Having passed the great dune, the caravan shifted directions and headed east.
越過了大沙丘，商隊轉而向東前行。
skeptical [ˈskeptɪkl]
懷疑的
A skeptical scientist called for proof of the hypothesis.
一位存懷疑的科學家要求這項假說提出證據。
spearhead [ˈspɪəhɛd]
spear + head
帶領，當…的先鋒
The unionization movement was spearheaded by veteran steelworkers.
組工會的運動由資深的鋼鐵工人擔任先鋒。
sphere [sfɪər]
領域
“Might” often means “right” in the political sphere.
在政治領域，「力量」往往就是「真理」。
splendid [ˈsplendɪd]
極佳的
The machine was a splendid invention that saved a great amount of labor.
這種機器是極佳的發明，大幅節省人力。
squander [ˈskwɒndə]
虛擲，浪費
A lot of time was squandered in trying to find the right tools.
找適合的工具時浪費了許多時間。
stunning [ˈstʌnɪŋ]
驚人的
Athenian democracy was a stunning success.
雅典的民主是驚人的成就。
tempted [ˈtemptɪd]
受到誘惑的；有…傾向的
Since they look so much like us, people are always tempted to regard monkeys as smarter than other animals.
因為猴子看起來和人很像，所以人們總是會認為猴子比其他動物聰明。
tentatively identified [ˈtentətɪvli aɪˈdentɪfaɪd]
id + entified
暫時認定的
Two causes of the disaster have been tentatively identified.
這場災難有兩個暫時認定的原因。
therefore [ˈðeəfɔː]
因此
There’s nothing you can do here; therefore, you may leave.
你在這裡幫不上什麼忙，所以可以走了。
threaten [ˈθretn]
威脅
The active volcano threatens an area of approximately 500 square miles.
活火山威脅到大約500平方英里的區域。
tolerant of [ˈtɒlərənt]
tol + erant
能忍受的
This species of tomato is tolerant of drought and high temperatures.
這種番茄能忍受乾旱與高溫。
traditionally [trəˈdɪʃənəli]
trans + it + ionally
傳統上
Traditionally, scientists formulate theories first and design experiments to confirm or refute them later.
科學家一般都是先提出理論，然後設計實驗來證明或推翻它。
trapped [træpt]
陷入的，困住的
Petroleum and coal are organic materials trapped underground.
石油與煤是有機物質，被埋在地底下。
trappings [ˈtræpɪŋz]
裝飾
The general arrived in uniform, with all the trappings.
將軍身著盛裝的制服前來。
traumatic [trɔːˈmætɪk]
造成心理創傷的
Being robbed at gunpoint is a traumatic experience.
遭人用槍指著搶劫是一個會造成心理創傷的經驗。
turbulent [ˈtɜːbjələnt]
turb + ulent
動盪的；湍急的
Heavy rains resulted in turbulent waters that muddied the river.
大雨造成洪流，使得河水混濁。
MP3 511
undergo [ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ]
under + go
經歷
The newly discovered primitive society is undergoing rapid change, and may be assimilated very quickly.
這個新發現的原始社會正在經歷快速轉變，可能很快就會被同化。
understandable [ˌʌndəˈstændəbl]
可以理解的
Since he just lost his job, it is understandable that he is worried and depressed.
因為他剛丟掉工作，他會擔憂沮喪是可以理解的。
urbane [ɜːˈbeɪn]
有禮貌的，有教養的
Her new boyfriend is a charming and urbane man.
她新交的男朋友，魅力十足又十分有教養。
vast [vɑːst]
廣大的
There is a vast expanse of wasteland beyond the river.
河對岸有一片廣大的荒地。
vastly [ˈvɑːstli]
極大地
These two dialects are vastly different from each other.
這兩種方言有極大的差異。
vigorous [ˈvɪɡərəs]
vig + orous
活力旺盛的
The transplanted tree remains vigorous.
移植過來的樹仍然生命力旺盛。
vulnerable [ˈvʌlnərəbl]
vulner + able
易受傷害的
Small fish are vulnerable to predators.
小魚容易遭到掠食者的攻擊。
whereas [ˌweərˈæz]
然而
A lama is a Tibetan monk whereas a llama is a South American animal.
喇嘛是西藏僧侶，駱馬則是一種南美動物。