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Chapter 1 基本句型

重要观念

1. 五种基本句型：(S + V)、(S+V+O)、(S+V+O+O)、(S+V+C)、(S+V+O+C)

2. 补语就是「是什么」的叙述。判断主词补语：把动词换成 be 动词，意思差不多就是补语。判断受词补语：在受词与补语之间加一个 be 动词，意思差不多就是补语。

3. 主词与受词必须是名词类；主词补语与受词补语最常见的词类是形容词。补语若是名词类，表示「主词补语等于主词、受词补语等于受词」。

4. 时间副词、地方副词、介副词，这三种副词也可以当补语。

一、题目＋解析

1. On the evening of the poll, all candidates tried their best to (B) address the public (C) concerning their political views and future prospects with a view to (D) winning a (E) landslide victory.

答案：(B)

中文翻译：在投票前夕，所有候选人都尽力向民众发表演讲，阐述他们的政治观点和未来前景，以期获得压倒性胜利。

解析：address 当「向……演讲」时是及物动词，必须直接加受词，不可加介系词，因此改为 address the public（向民众演讲）。

2. This effort to (A) deny women of their biological identity, their individuality, their (B) humaneness, is such an important aspect of obscene language that one can only (C) marvel at how seldom this fact (D) is brought to our attention.

答案：(A)

中文翻译：这种否定女性生物身份、个性与仁爱的行为，是脏话中如此重要的一个方面，以至于人们只能对这一事实很少被我们所关注感到惊讶。

解析：deny 是授予动词，用法为 deny sb. sth.，中间不可加 of，应改为 deny women their identity。

3. The sun shines my window, so I have my plants in the window box.

答案：shines on

中文翻译：阳光照在我的窗户上，所以我把植物放在窗台上的花箱里。

解析：shine 表「照耀」是不及物动词，后面必须加介系词才能接受词，正确为 shines on my window。

4. ______ of readers and playgoers, many of them “cultural others,” have experienced the powerful and pleasurable perception that in Shakespeare they are indeed represented. (A) Thinking (B) Because (C) Despite (D) Generations

答案：(D)

中文翻译：一代又一代的读者和戏迷，其中许多是“文化他者”，都曾有过一种强烈而愉悦的感受，即在莎士比亚的作品中，他们确实得到了展现。

解析：句子缺主词，动词 have experienced 是复数，故选复数名词 Generations。

5. ______ of the total number of innocent civilian casualties in the captured city range from 50,000 to 150,000. (A) The estimates of how many (B) As the estimates (C) Estimates (D) Of the estimates

答案：(C)

中文翻译：关于这座被占领城市无辜平民伤亡总数的估计，范围在5万到15万之间。

解析：动词 range 是复数，前面需要复数主词，故选 Estimates。

6. ______ interactions among friends and acquaintances, play a major role in the social development of adolescents. (A) What are called peer group relations are (B) Peer group relations are (C) Peer group relations, the (D) By peer group relations

答案：(C)

中文翻译：同伴群体关系，即朋友与熟人之间的互动，在青少年的社会发展中起着重要作用。

解析：主词 Peer group relations + 逗号同位格 + 动词 play，结构完整。

7. ______ has been used as a perfume for centuries. (A) To use lavender (C) Lavender (B) That the lavender (D) For the lavender

答案：(C)

中文翻译：薰衣草几个世纪以来一直被用作香水。

解析：句子缺主词，必须用名词，故选 Lavender。

8. ______ found in New Zealand were brought there by homesick immigrants. (A) The hedgehogs which (B) The hedgehogs (C) Where the hedgehogs (D) The hedgehogs are

答案：(B)

中文翻译：在新西兰发现的刺猬是由思乡的移民带到那里的。

解析：found in New Zealand 是分词片语修饰主词，主词用 The hedgehogs。

9. Those people ______ a general understanding of the present situation. (A) lack of (C) lack (B) are lacking of (D) are in lack

答案：(C)

中文翻译：那些人对当前的形势缺乏全面的理解。

解析：缺及物动词，lack 可直接加受词，即 lack a general understanding。

10. This machine ______ removing pits from cherries. (A) for (C) is for (B) is by (D) is to

答案：(C)

中文翻译：这台机器是用来去除樱桃核的。

解析：缺动词，be for doing 表「用途是……」，故选 is for。

11. Joey Alexander, whose parents are Christians, ______ his unique talent as being “a gift from God.” (A) distributes (D) committing (B) attributing (E) attributes (C) commits

答案：(E)

中文翻译：父母都是基督徒的乔伊·亚历山大将他独特的天赋归因于“上帝的礼物”。

解析：句子缺动词，attribute A as B 表示「把A归因于B」，故选 attributes。

12. Keeping meat in cold temperature ______ the spread of bacteria. (A) retards (C) to retard (B) retarding (D) is retarded

答案：(A)

中文翻译：在低温下保存肉类会阻碍细菌的传播。

解析：动名词片语当主词，缺动词，后面有受词，用主动及物动词 retards。

13. The city of Montreal ______ over 70 square miles. (A) covers (C) covering (B) that covers (D) is covered

答案：(A)

中文翻译：蒙特利尔市占地超过70平方英里。

解析：缺动词，主语是单数，及物动词 covers 表示「覆盖」。

14. The good time we spent together in college ______ a deep impression on my mind. (A) has remained (B) has stayed (C) has left (D) has done

答案：(C)

中文翻译：我们在大学一起度过的美好时光在我的脑海中留下了深刻的印象。

解析：固定搭配 leave an impression（留下印象），故选 has left。

15. The recent discovery of a novel by Harriet Wilson, published in 1859, ______ a landmark in Black American literature. (A) has brought to light (D) has light to brought (E) to have brought light

答案：(A)

中文翻译：最近发现的这本由哈丽特·威尔逊于1859年出版的小说，揭示了美国黑人文学中的一个里程碑。

解析：片语 bring sth. to light 表示「使……公诸于世」，正确为 has brought to light。

16. The new promotion campaign under development at the marketing department ______ radio and TV commercials, newspaper and magazine ads, and website keywords. (A) cover (C) covering (B) covers (D) having covered

答案：(B)

中文翻译：市场营销部正在制定的新促销活动涵盖了广播电视广告、报刊杂志广告以及网站关键词。

解析：主词 campaign 是单数，缺动词，故选 covers。

17. Human life ______ a succession of small events, each of which is comparatively unimportant. (A) composes (C) consists of (B) composes of (D) makes up

答案：(C)

中文翻译：人类生活由一连串小事件组成，每一件事相对而言都不重要。

解析：consist of = 由……组成（主动），符合句型 S + V + 介系词片语。

18. Not every pearl that is found ______. (A) of value (C) to be valued (B) is valuable (D) valuable

答案：(B)

中文翻译：并非每一颗被发现的珍珠都有价值。

解析：缺动词，句型 S + be + 形容词，故选 is valuable。

19. Not only knowledge and skills, but also attitudes and habits ______ in school for students’ future adjustment to society. (A) when cultivated (C) which need to be cultivated (B) cultivated (D) need to be cultivated

答案：(D)

中文翻译：不仅是知识和技能，态度和习惯也需要在学校中培养，以使学生未来适应社会。

解析：缺动词，need to be cultivated 表示「需要被培养」。

20. The Department of Health ______ its influenza prevention measures by expanding the government’s distribution of antiviral medications. (A) is upgrading (C) trying to add (B) is added to (D) bargaining

答案：(A)

中文翻译：卫生部门正在通过扩大政府抗病毒药物的分发来升级其流感预防措施。

解析：缺动词，upgrade measures 表示“升级措施”，故选 is upgrading。

21. Taking notes while you are studying ______ a good way to organize what you read. (A) is (C) to be (B) are (D) being

答案：(A)

中文翻译：学习时做笔记是整理你所读内容的好方法。

解析：动名词当主词，视为单数，故选 is。

22. Underlying concerns for an authentic Islam ______ in public debates over contending notions of “moderate” and “extreme” Islam. (A) remains (C) appears (B) appear (D) remaining

答案：(B)

中文翻译：在关于“温和”与“极端”伊斯兰教相互对立观点的公开辩论中，人们对于真正伊斯兰教的潜在关切显现了出来。

解析：主词 concerns 是复数，故选复数动词 appear。

23. Eco-tourism, one of the newest sources of the revenue for the city, ______ for one-third of this small Caribbean island’s total economy. (A) had accounted (C) accounts (B) is accounted (D) has been accounted

答案：(C)

中文翻译：生态旅游是这座城市最新的收入来源之一，占这个加勒比小岛经济总量的三分之一。

解析：account for 表示“占……比例”，主动语态，故选 accounts。

24. ______ agreement among scientists as to whether there is life on other planets such as Mars. (A) Generally speaking, no (C) Although we see (B) No general (D) There is no general

答案：(D)

中文翻译：对于像火星这样的其他行星上是否存在生命，科学家们并没有达成共识。

解析：句型 There is no agreement（没有共识），句子结构完整。

25. The timid mother ______ that they are never safe. (A) causes her children feel (D) feels her children cause (B) causes her children feeling (E) felt the children (C) causes her children to feel

答案：(C)

中文翻译：胆小的母亲让孩子们觉得他们永远不安全。

解析：固定用法 cause sb. to do sth.，故选 causes her children to feel。

26. Linen’s great tensile strength ______ sailcloth and the most delicate handmade laces. (A) make desirable for (D) for making it desirable (B) making desirable (E) makes it desirable to (C) makes it desirable for

答案：(C)

中文翻译：亚麻极佳的抗拉强度使其适用于制作帆布和最精致的手工蕾丝。

解析：make it desirable for… 表示“使它适合用于……”，for 表用途。

27. ______ up to eight pounds. (A) Weighing a sea otter (C) The weight of a sea otter (B) A sea otter can weigh (D) Because a sea otter can weigh

答案：(B)

中文翻译：海獭的体重可达八磅。

解析：缺主词+动词，只有 A sea otter can weigh 构成完整句子。

28. With excellent nutrition, a generous supply of vitamins, a lot of rest, and plenty of exercise, ________________________.

答案：the patient will soon grow strong

中文翻译：有了良好的营养、充足的维生素供应、充分的休息和大量的运动，病人很快就会变得强壮。

解析：前面是介系词片语，后面必须补上完整主句（主词+动词）。

29. However, since no ammonia fumes are detected, this theory does not seem ______. (E) credibly

答案：credible

中文翻译：然而，由于没有检测到氨气，这个理论似乎并不可靠。

解析：seem 是连缀动词，后面必须用形容词当补语，故用 credible。

30. Whether I go to university or not is ______ on what exam grades I get. (A) depended (C) dependence (B) dependent (D) dependable

答案：(B)

中文翻译：我是否上大学取决于我取得的考试成绩。

解析：be dependent on 表示“取决于……”，形容词作补语。

31. Anxiety is ______ about future uncertainties. (A) when one is uneasy or distressed (B) when one being uneasy or distressed (C) a state of uneasy or distressed (D) a state of uneasiness or distress

答案：(D)

中文翻译：焦虑是一种对未来不确定性感到不安或苦恼的状态。

解析：主词补语必须等于 anxiety（一种状态），故选 a state of uneasiness or distress。

32. This coffee is awful. It tastes ______ water. (A) good (B) like (D) for (C) not

答案：(B)

中文翻译：这咖啡难喝极了，尝起来像水一样。

解析：taste like … 表示“尝起来像……”。

33. In Shadowbahn, the twin towers reappear ______ in the Dakota badlands 20 years after their fall. (A) intactly (B) intacted (C) intacting (D) intact

答案：(D)

中文翻译：在《暗影列车》中，双子塔在倒塌20年后，完好无损地重新出现在达科他荒地之中。

解析：intact 是形容词，作主词补语，修饰 towers，表示“完好无损”。

34. A “refugee” is ______ definition, desperate: he has been rendered ______. (A) on I stateless (B) by I stateless (C) with I statelessly (D) upon I statelessly

答案：(B)

中文翻译：根据定义，“难民”是绝望的：他们已变得无家可归、失去国籍。

解析：by definition（根据定义）；render + 受词 + 形容词，被动为 be rendered stateless。

35. Niagara Falls actually comprises ______ split by Goat Island. (A) two waterfalls are natural (B) they are two natural waterfalls (C) that two waterfalls are natural (D) two natural waterfalls

答案：(D)

中文翻译：尼亚加拉瀑布实际上由两座天然瀑布组成，被山羊岛分隔开。

解析：comprise 是及物动词，后面直接加名词片语当受词，故选 two natural waterfalls。

36. ______ to select certain features as relevant and ignore others. (A) Mapmaking is defined as (B) To make a map is, by definition, (C) By definition, making a map is (D) The mapmaking process involves, by definition, (E) In making a map, the definition is

答案：(B)

中文翻译：根据定义，绘制地图就是选择某些相关特征并忽略其他特征。

解析：S + V + C 对称结构：To make a map = to select…，主词与补语对等，最符合句型。

Chapter 2 名词短语

重要观念

1. 名词短语由三部分构成：〈限定词 + 形容词 + 名词〉

2. 不定冠词(a/an)是one的弱化，不具指示性。定冠词(the)是this/that/these/those的弱化，具有指示性。

3. 零冠词就是限定词位置放空，表示“不限、不在指”。

4. 复数名词、不可数名词可以配零冠词，单数可数名词则必须有限定词才行。

1. William was astonished to find such ______ in his grandmother’s house after she died. (A) an incredibly artifact beautiful (B) a beautiful incredibly artifact (C) a beautiful artifact incredibly (D) an incredibly beautiful artifact

答案：(D)

翻译：祖母去世后，威廉惊讶地在她家中发现一件如此精美的工艺品。

解析：名词短语顺序：限定词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词 → an incredibly beautiful artifact。

2. Part of the Great Plains, Iowa is famous for ______ fields of corn. (A) its seemingly endless (B) endless seemingly

答案：(A)

翻译：爱荷华州属于大平原区域，以一望无际的玉米田闻名。

解析：its seemingly endless fields 副词seemingly修饰形容词endless。

3. Don’t bargain with me any more! This is ______ I can quote you. (A) the lowest possible price (B) the possible most price (C) the possible lowest price (D) the price most possible

答案：(A)

翻译：别再砍价了！这是我能给你的最低价格。

解析：形容词顺序：the lowest possible price（可能的最低价）。

4. Nearly every aspect of economic life is affected by ______. (A) they are seasonal variations (B) variations are seasonal (C) that seasonal variations (D) seasonal variations

答案：(D)

翻译：经济生活的几乎每一个层面都受到季节变化的影响。

解析：by 后面接名词短语，seasonal variations 正确。

5. The cosmopolitan flavor of San Francisco is enhanced by ______ shops and restaurants. (A) an ethnic (B) its many ethnic (C) ethnicity (D) its ethnicity

答案：(B)

翻译：旧金山的国际氛围因众多民族特色商店与餐厅而更加浓厚。

解析：its many ethnic shops and restaurants 复数名词配复数限定词。

6. I don’t enjoy their extremely dubious jokes.

答案：(D)

翻译：我不喜欢他们那些极其可疑的玩笑。

解析：副词 extremely 修饰形容词 dubious → extremely dubious jokes。

7. With adequate nutrition, young cockroaches grow at a ______. (A) rate quickly remarkable (B) quickly remarkable rate (C) remarkably quickly rate (D) remarkably quick rate

答案：(D)

翻译：营养充足时，小蟑螂会以极快的速度成长。

解析：a remarkably quick rate 副词修饰形容词。

8. As the passengers filed past, an attendant asked each of them to present ______ boarding pass. (A) a (B) their (C) all the (D) whose

答案：(A)

翻译：乘客依次通过时，服务员请每个人出示一张登机证。

解析：each 搭配单数 → a boarding pass。

9. The company has sold about $3 billion ______ merchandise to the U.S. (A) worth (B) worthy (C) worthy of (D) worth of

答案：(D)

翻译：这家公司已卖出价值约30亿美元的商品到美国。

解析：固定搭配：$3 billion worth of…。

10. Children learn primarily by ______ the world around them. (A) experiencing directly of (B) experience direct (C) directly physical experience (D) direct physical experience of

答案：(D)

翻译：儿童主要通过直接亲身体验周围世界来学习。

解析：by 后接名词短语：direct physical experience of…。

11. A ______ characterized the world of American art and architecture from 1880 to 1939. (A) varying styles proliferation (B) proliferation of varying styles (C) style of proliferation (D) proliferation and varying of styles

答案：(B)

翻译：1880到1939年间，美国艺术与建筑界呈现风格多元蓬勃发展的特色。

解析：a proliferation of varying styles 正确名词短语。

12. Because of the Eskimos’ constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized ______. (A) the body’s need for fat (B) and body’s need for fat

答案：(A)

翻译：因长期处于寒冷环境，爱斯基摩人早就知道身体需要脂肪。

解析：the body’s need for fat 完整名词短语。

13. A large part of the population in Taiwan is over (B) an age of 65, and this elderly segment of society does not like to just sit at home.

答案：(B) the age

翻译：台湾很大一部分人口超过65岁，而这群老年人不喜欢整天待在家。

解析：of 65 表特指，必须用定冠词 the age。

14. Most accidents in the home can be prevented by ______ elimination of hazards. (A) that (B) that the (C) there is a (D) the

答案：(D)

翻译：大部分居家意外都可通过排除危险来预防。

解析：elimination of hazards 表特指，用 the。

15. When the North and South Korea decided to hold a summit meeting, the entire world was wondering what was behind the incredibly huge progress toward peace for the two traditional enemies.

答案：(A) North and South Korea

翻译：当南北韩决定举行峰会时，全世界都好奇这对世敌为何能在和平上取得巨大进展。

解析：North/South Korea 是专有名词，不加 the。

16. Nowadays only very few students go to school ______. (A) on feet (B) on foot (C) with foot (D) with feet

答案：(B)

翻译：现在步行上学的学生非常少。

解析：固定短语：on foot（步行）。

17. The latest scientific research emphasizes the differences between ______. (A) boy’s and girl’s brains (B) boys and girls brains (C) boys’ and girls’ brains

答案：(C)

翻译：最新科学研究强调男孩与女孩大脑的差异。

解析：复数所有格：boys’ and girls’ brains。

18. When we got home yesterday there were millions mosquitoes in the apartment. We had to spray the entire place but we still could not sleep because of the smell.

答案：(B) millions of mosquitoes

翻译：昨天回家时，公寓里有数百万只蚊子。

解析：millions of + 复数名词。

19. “How often have you seen cases like this?” one surgeon asked another. “Oh, ______ times, I guess.” (A) hundred of (B) hundreds (C) hundreds of (D) hundred

答案：(C)

翻译：“喔，我想有好几百次吧。”

解析：hundreds of times（数百次）。

20. Jonathan Edwards was one of the most prominent literary figures in eighteen-century colonial America and a prolific writer of numerous sermons, notes, religious tracts and books.

答案：(C) eighteenth-century

翻译：乔纳森·爱德华兹是18世纪美洲殖民地最著名的文学家之一。

解析：序数词：eighteenth-century（18世纪的）。

21. It’s hard to believe that ______ of Americans are categorized as the poor. (A) two-sevens (B) two-sevenths (C) second-sevens (D) second-sevenths

答案：(B)

翻译：很难相信七分之二的美国人被归类为贫困人口。

解析：分数表达：分子基数、分母序数，分子>1分母加s → two-sevenths。

22. A recent study about the dieting habits of America’s youth found that ______ of boys and the majority of girls aged 6 to 8 wish their bodies were thinner. (A) one-third (B) one-thirds (C) one-thirth (D) one-three

答案：(A)

翻译：研究发现，6到8岁有三分之一的男孩和大多数女孩希望自己更瘦。

解析：one-third（三分之一）。

23. It’s a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there’s ______ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. (A) nothing (B) little (C) another (D) much

答案：(D)

翻译：我们不愿与人交流是可悲的，因为和身边陌生人交谈能收获很多。

解析：much 作不定代词，表示“许多益处”。

24. It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint.

答案：(C) few

翻译：从前人们相信超重有益健康，但现在很少人认同这种观点。

解析：few + 复数名词，表否定“很少”。

25. Jane has ______ homework today. (A) too much (B) several (C) a number of (D) too many

答案：(A)

翻译：简今天的作业太多了。

解析：homework 不可数，用 too much。

26. Steven had ______ time for other things. (A) very little (B) few (C) many (D) a lot

答案：(A)

翻译：史蒂文几乎没有时间做别的事。

解析：time 不可数，very little 表否定。

27. Let’s leave and have a meal. We have ______ time before the train leaves. (A) a little (B) less (C) plenty (D) lots

答案：(A)

翻译：我们出发去吃饭吧，火车开前还有一点时间。

解析：a little + 不可数名词，表肯定“一点”。

28. I don’t know whom Peter can talk to. Everybody knows that he has ______ friends on campus. (A) a few (B) a little (C) few (D) little

答案：(C)

翻译：大家都知道他在校园里没什么朋友。

解析：friends 可数，few 表否定“没几个”。

29. In those cities in which public transportation is adequate, little traffic problems occur and pedestrians are rarely involved in accidents.

答案：(B) few

翻译：公共交通完善的城市里，交通问题很少发生。

解析：problems 可数，用 few。

30. He is not very rich. He has very ______ belongings. (A) few (B) a few (C) little (D) a little

答案：(A)

翻译：他不算富有，财物很少。

解析：belongings 可数，用 few。

31. People traveling abroad should consider taking precautions, for typhoid fever is very common in the most developing countries of the world.

答案：(D) most

翻译：出国旅行的人应注意预防，伤寒在大多数发展中国家很常见。

解析：most developing countries（大多数发展中国家）。

32. ______ the island population lives on the spice trade with the continent. (A) Majority of (B) Most of (C) Most (D) The most of

答案：(B)

翻译：岛上大部分人口靠与大陆的香料贸易维生。

解析：most of the + 名词。

33. The book contained a large ______ of information. (A) deal (B) amount (C) number (D) sum

答案：(B)

翻译：这本书包含大量信息。

解析：information 不可数 → a large amount of。

34. My family gives ______ money to charity every year. (A) a large number of (B) a couple of (C) a great deal of (D) a good many

答案：(C)

翻译：我家每年都会捐很多钱给慈善机构。

解析：money 不可数 → a great deal of。

35. There can be ______ scarier experience than to be chased by wild animals. (A) no (B) such (C) any (D) not

答案：(A)

翻译：没有什么比被野生动物追赶更可怕的经历了。

解析：no 是限定词，直接修饰名词。

36. Unless you travel late at night, or in the wee early hours of the morning, there are ______ of avoiding a traffic jam. (A) not means (B) not mean (C) no meaning (D) no means

答案：(D)

翻译：除非深夜或凌晨出行，否则没有办法避开堵车。

解析：no means（没有办法），means 单复同形。

37. The two cars for sale were in poor condition, so I didn’t buy ______. (A) either of them (B) both of them (C) neither of them (D) any of them

答案：(A)

翻译：这两台待售车车况都很差，所以我一辆都没买。

解析：两者否定用 not … either。

38. According to the World Health Organization, outbreaks of any ______ can be cause for quarantine. (A) of six diseases (B) these six diseases (C) six diseases which (D) those which six diseases

答案：(A)

翻译：根据世卫组织，六种疾病中任何一种爆发都可采取隔离。

解析：any of six diseases（六种中的任意一种）。

39. Certain pollens are more likely to cause an allergic reaction than another.

答案：(D) others

翻译：某些花粉比其他花粉更容易引发过敏。

解析：比较对象为复数，用 others。

40. Difference may arise from a different set of values. One may value autonomy in the classroom while ______ may value cooperation. (A) others (B) some (C) the other (D) they (E) another

答案：(E)

翻译：有人重视课堂自主，有人则重视合作。

解析：one … another（一个……另一个）。

41. In our country people can move easily from one place to ______. (A) the other (B) the others (C) others (D) another

答案：(D)

翻译：在我国，人们可以自由从一地搬到另一地。

解析：one … another（泛指另一地）。

42. People who are incredibly successful understand the importance of the body in relation to the mind. The health of the one simply cannot be maintained without upkeeping ______. (A) the other (B) the others (C) another (D) others

答案：(A)

翻译：身心健康息息相关，无法顾此失彼。

解析：两者之间：the one … the other。

43. All the students joined the graduation trip. Some of them had a good time; ______ considered it boring. (A) other (B) others (C) the other (D) the others

答案：(D)

翻译：所有学生都参加毕业旅行，有些人玩得开心，其他人觉得无聊。

解析：全部范围里的另一部分，用 the others。

44. Eight colleagues went to their boss’ home to celebrate her promotion; two were men and ______ were women. (A) the others (B) others (C) the other (D) rest

答案：(A)

翻译：八位同事去给老板庆祝升职，两位男士，其余都是女士。

解析：特定总数内的剩余，用 the others。

45. There is not enough room in zoos to house ______ subspecies that need preserving. (A) all the others (B) all another (C) all others (D) all the other

答案：(D)

翻译：动物园没有足够空间收容所有其他需要保护的亚种。

解析：all the other + 复数名词。

46. Once you lose your passport, you should immediately ______. (A) apply to another one (B) apply to the other one (C) apply for the other (D) apply for another one

答案：(D)

翻译：一旦弄丢护照，应立即申请补办另一本。

解析：apply for（申请）；another one（另一本）。

47. Today, ______ people who enjoy winter sports is much greater than that of twenty years ago. (A) a number of (B) a great deal of (C) many (D) the number of

答案：(D)

翻译：现在喜欢冬季运动的人数比二十年前多很多。

解析：the number of（……的数量），单数动词。

48. ______ people I work with are not very kind. (A) Some of (B) None (C) Most of (D) Some of those

答案：(D)

翻译：和我一起工作的有些人并不友善。

解析：some of those people（那些人里的一些）。

49. Dogs that are trained to lead ______ must be loyal, intelligent, and calm. (A) a blind (B) the blind (C) blinds (D) blind

答案：(B)

翻译：训练作为导盲犬的狗必须忠诚、聪明、冷静。

解析：the blind = blind people（盲人）。

50. Thousands of athletes from different countries will take part in ______. (A) Olympics (B) the Olympics (C) the Olympic (D) the Olympic Game

答案：(B)

翻译：成千上万来自各国的运动员将参加奥运会。

解析：the Olympics（奥运会）。

51. When John entered the kitchen, he saw ______ on the table. (A) two loafs of bread (B) much glasses (C) sharp knifes (D) a few dishes

答案：(D)

翻译：约翰走进厨房时看到桌上有几个盘子。

解析：dishes 正确复数；loaves、knives 才对。

52. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has drawn up a list of the ten most dangerous jobs, based on the number of persons killed in various type of work.

答案：(E) types

翻译：劳工统计局根据各行业死亡人数列出十大危险工作。

解析：various types of work（各种类型的工作）。

53. A majority of Irish immigrants to the United States during the decades immediately before and after the American Revolution were Protestants from Ulster, Ireland’s north provinces.

答案：(E) north province

翻译：美国革命前后移民美国的爱尔兰人大多是来自北爱尔兰的新教徒。

解析：Ulster 是一个省，用单数 province。

54. Harrison’s two ______ had been identified by the Lockerbie investigators and neither showed any sign of explosives. (A) luggages (B) pieces of luggage (C) luggage (D) baggages

答案：(B)

翻译：哈里森的两件行李都被洛克比调查人员确认过。

解析：luggage 不可数 → two pieces of luggage。

55. The rich humuses on forest ground provides an ideal environment for this fern.

答案：(A) humus

翻译：森林地面肥沃的腐殖质为这种蕨类提供理想环境。

解析：humus（腐殖质）不可数，无复数。

56. I hope I can get ______ as soon as possible. (A) a good work (B) good works (C) a good job (D) a piece of good job

答案：(C)

翻译：我希望能尽快找到一份好工作。

解析：job 可数 → a good job；work 表“工作”不可数。

57. The design of the telescope trades fine resolution for ______. (A) large fields of a view (B) large field of views (C) a large fields of view (D) large field of view

答案：(D)

翻译：这种望远镜设计牺牲分辨率换取大视野。

解析：field of view（视野）固定短语。

58. The project will never succeed without ______ from all the departments involved. (A) cooperative (B) cooperate (C) cooperated (D) cooperation

答案：(D)

翻译：没有各部门的合作，项目绝不可能成功。

解析：without 后接名词 cooperation。

59. The manager of that mutual fund has over a billion dollars at his ______. (A) dispose (B) disposes (C) disposing (D) disposal

答案：(D)

翻译：这位共同基金经理手上有十多亿美元可支配。

解析：at one’s disposal（由某人支配）固定短语。

60. These ______ storms have reminded people of nature’s awesome power. (A) killer (B) killing (C) kill (D) kills (E) killers

答案：(A)

翻译：这些超强风暴让人们见识到大自然的可怕力量。

解析：killer storms（杀手级风暴）复合名词。

61. Studying the science of logic is one way to cultivate one’s reason skills.

答案：(D) reasoning skills

翻译：学习逻辑学是培养推理能力的一种方法。

解析：reasoning skills（推理技巧）。

62. He stayed there for ______ last summer. (A) sometimes (B) sometime (C) some time (D) some times (E) some other time

答案：(C)

翻译：去年夏天他在那里待了一段时间。

解析：some time（一段时间）；for 后接名词短语。

63. Since its ______ in 1932, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been one of the most stable countries in the world. (A) found (B) founder (C) founding (D) founded

答案：(C)

翻译：自1932年建国以来，沙特阿拉伯一直是中东最稳定的国家之一。

解析：founding（建立、建国）。

64. Substituting monounsaturated fats may help prevent heart disease, and ______ shows that certain polyunsaturated fats may be beneficial as well. (A) researches (B) research (C) study (D) studies

答案：(B)

翻译：研究显示，某些多元不饱和脂肪也可能有益健康。

解析：research 泛指“研究”时为不可数名词。

65. ______ four hundred thousand Salvadorans entered the United States illegally between 1912 and 1917. (A) An estimate (B) An estimated (C) An estimation (D) An estimation of

答案：(B)

翻译：据估计，1912至1917年间有40万萨尔瓦多人非法进入美国。

解析：an estimated + 数字 + 名词。

66. On reflection, it was probably the easiest ______ dollars I’ll ever make. (A) hundred of (B) five hundreds (C) five hundred (D) several hundreds

答案：(C)

翻译：回想起来，这可能是我赚过最轻松的五百美元。

解析：five hundred 前有数字，不加 s。

67. The largest city in the state, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was founded by William Penn in late 17 century.

答案：(E) in the late 17th century

翻译：宾州最大城市费城由威廉·佩恩在17世纪末建立。

解析：in the late 17th century（17世纪末期）。

68. Jean usually goes to the dentist ______ six months. (A) all (B) each (C) every (D) any

答案：(C)

翻译：琼通常每六个月看一次牙医。

解析：every six months（每六个月）。

Chapter 3 代名词

重要观念

1. 代名词用来代替前面出现过的先行词。

2. 代名词与先行词必须人称、单复数一致。

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

1. (A) Even when having a dream, you must have a basic (B) understanding of reality if (C) one hopes to survive (D) successfully. (E) No Error

答案：(C) you hope

翻译：即使是在追梦时，你若想要成功存活，也必须对现实有基本的了解。

解析：主句主词是 you，if 子句必须人称一致，one 改为 you。

2. A person who is not an expert should never eat mushrooms gathered in the woods, ______. (A) for you may be seriously poisoned if you do (B) for he may be seriously poisoned if you do (C) for they will be certainly poisoned if they do (D) for he may be seriously poisoned if he does (E) for he be hit by suddenly poison

答案：(D)

翻译：若非专家，就绝不要吃森林里采的蘑菇，否则可能会严重中毒。

解析：主词 a person 为第三人称单数，后面必须全部用 he 保持一致。

3. Readers either love or hate Stephen King’s unique writing style; few have no opinion of ______. (A) him (B) them (C) it (D) her (E) it

答案：(E) it

翻译：读者对史蒂芬·金独特的写作风格不是爱就是恨，很少人对它没有意见。

解析：先行词是 writing style（事物、单数），必须用 it 代替。

4. The Internet is allowing anyone anywhere with online access to summon the world’s greatest teachers to their homes and learn from ______ directly. (A) him (B) whom (C) those (D) them

答案：(D)

翻译：互联网让任何能上网的人都可以把世界上最棒的老师请到家里，直接向他们学习。

解析：teachers 是复数，from 是介词，后面用受格 them。

5. Once researchers have obtained information about the chaotic system, they can begin to use chaos to ______ advantage. (A) for its (B) for the (C) to its (D) to their

答案：(D)

翻译：研究人员一旦取得混乱系统的信息，就能利用混乱为自己谋利。

解析：固定搭配 to one’s advantage；主词是 researchers，故用 their。

6. Fossil evidence confirms that the ancient cuttlefish has existed in ______ for more than 20 million years. (A) their present form (B) its present form (C) their form present (D) its form present

答案：(B)

翻译：化石证据证实，远古墨鱼以目前形态存在已超过两千万年。

解析：the cuttlefish 是单数，用 its；名词短语顺序：its present form。

7. The gangsters never admitted his guilty.

答案：their guilt

翻译：这些歹徒从不承认自己有罪。

解析：the gangsters 是复数，his 改为 their；guilty 是形容词，改为名词 guilt。

8. Foreigners who intend to spend more than three months in that country must (A) undergo mandatory (B) testing to prove (C) he or she is not (D) infected with HIV.

答案：(C) they are

翻译：打算在该国停留超过三个月的外国人必须接受强制检测，以证明未感染艾滋病毒。

解析：先行词是复数 foreigners，he or she is 改为 they are。

9. The dialect spoken in Olimbos is so old that many of ______ words date back to the time of Homer. (A) its (B) his (C) hers (D) theirs

答案：(A)

翻译：奥林波斯地区的方言非常古老，许多词汇可追溯到荷马时代。

解析：先行词是 dialect（单数、非生命），用 its。

10. Although our manager has more experience than anyone else, he does not consider ______ a suitable person for heading the project. (A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself

答案：(D)

翻译：虽然我们经理经验最丰富，但他并不认为自己适合负责这个项目。

解析：主词与受词为同一人，必须用反身代名词 himself。

11. Marie is one of those persons who enjoy ______ from first to last at the party. (A) herself (B) themselves (C) himself (D) itself

答案：(B)

翻译：玛丽是那些在派对上从头到尾都玩得很开心的人之一。

解析：who 代替复数的 those persons，必须用反身代名词 themselves。

12. Immigration, particularly the (A) arrival of asylum seekers (B) paying people smugglers to ferry (C) themselves to Australia, is now once again an election issue.

答案：(C) them

翻译：移民问题再度成为选举议题，尤其是那些付钱给人口贩子、让他们把自己送到澳洲的寻求庇护者。

解析：受词是寻求庇护者，主词是人口贩子，不是同一人，不能用 themselves，改为 them。

13. Instead of responding to externally generated discomfort, under siege the brain begins to generate the pain by ______. (A) itself (B) oneself (C) himself (D) herself

答案：(A)

翻译：当大脑受到攻击时，它不会对外来不适做出反应，而是自己开始产生疼痛。

解析：主词是 the brain（单数、非生命），用 itself。

14. In the training session, the instructor mentioned that ______ who were unsure of what to do could always ask the department head. (A) these (B) those (C) them (D) they

答案：(B)

翻译：在训练课程中，讲师提到那些不确定该做什么的人可以随时问部门主管。

解析：主格位置必须用 those（those who……的人），不能用受格 them。

15. Because the new proposals show such promise, ______ adoption by the committee seems a sure thing. (A) they (B) them (C) their (D) theirs

答案：(C)

翻译：由于新提案潜力巨大，委员会通过它们几乎是板上钉钉。

解析：adoption 是名词，前面需要所有格限定词；先行词是复数 proposals，用 their。

16. Fresh fruits and vegetables are healthier foods than canned ______. (A) ones (B) one (C) those (D) these

答案：(A)

翻译：新鲜蔬果比罐装的更健康。

解析：比较句中代替复数可数名词，前面有形容词 canned 修饰，用 ones。

Chapter 4 形容词

重要观念

1. 形容词放在名词前面。

2. 形容词的位置有两个：名词短语中、补语位置。

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

1. Throughout her (A) length career, Maria Marcey (B) has been known for her (C) ability to capture the (D) distinct rhythms of Boston (E) speech in her poems.

答案：(A) long

翻译：在她漫长的职业生涯中，玛丽亚·马西一直以能在诗歌中捕捉波士顿口音独特节奏的能力而闻名。

解析：名词前必须用形容词，length 是名词，改为形容词 long。

2. An ______ training period will be instituted in September. (A) extended (B) extent (C) extension (D) expand

答案：(A)

翻译：九月份将实施延长的培训期。

解析：空格在名词前，必须用形容词，只有 extended 是形容词。

3. The opera house in Sydney is an example of (C) outstanding ______ achievement.

答案：(D) artistic

翻译：悉尼歌剧院是杰出艺术成就的典范。

解析：outstanding 后接形容词修饰名词 achievement，artist 是名词，改为形容词 artistic。

4. The ______ essays of Montaigne offer an unparalleled view into a single Renaissance mind exploring its own workings. (A) thematically varied (B) themes are varied (C) varied themes (D) theme varied

答案：(A)

翻译：蒙田那些主题多样的散文，为我们提供了独一无二的视角，一窥文艺复兴时期个体思想的自我探索。

解析：名词 essays 前需要形容词，thematically varied（主题多样的）符合。

5. (A) Each academic discipline has its own practices, or (B) conventions, that people (C) writing in the discipline follow when engaged in a (D) scholar dialogue. (E) No Error

答案：(D) scholarly dialogue

翻译：每个学科都有自己的惯例，从事该领域写作的人在进行学术对话时都必须遵循。

解析：名词 dialogue 前需要形容词，scholar 是名词，改为形容词 scholarly。

6. The (A) economic system of (B) countries such as Japan, Canada, Germany, and the United States is the free enterprise system—the (E) privately enterprise system.

答案：(E) private

翻译：日本、加拿大、德国、美国等国家的经济体制是自由企业制度，也就是私有企业制度。

解析：名词 enterprise 前用形容词，privately 是副词，改为 private。

7. Without scholarships, (A) student athletes often (B) have to make (C) difficulty choice of athletics or academics, and many of them concentrate on the former; (D) as a result, their grades tend to suffer.

答案：(C) the difficult choice between

翻译：没有奖学金，学生运动员往往必须在体育与学业之间做出艰难选择，许多人专注于前者，结果成绩受到影响。

解析：名词 choice 前用形容词 difficult；两者选择用 between。

8. In New York City, there lives a man who (A) claims to be a certified leech therapist, and he believes these (C) water-dwelling creatures can help his clients (D) get rid of allergies, fix infertility, and cure other ailments.

答案：(B) terrifying

翻译：纽约住着一位自称持证水蛭治疗师的男子，他相信这些可怕的水生生物能帮客户消除过敏、解决不孕、治愈其他疾病。

解析：名词 creatures 前用形容词，terrify 是动词，改为形容词 terrifying。

9. Though the parties have all agreed to get together for a meeting, they haven’t decided on a ______ date yet. (A) specify (B) specific (C) specifying (D) specifications

答案：(B)

翻译：虽然各方都同意开会，但尚未确定具体日期。

解析：名词 date 前用形容词 specific（具体的）。

10. A trip to Paris that’s ______. (A) a too good opportunity to miss (B) too good an opportunity to miss (C) too good to be missed opportunity (D) an opportunity good to be missed too

答案：(B)

翻译：去巴黎的旅行，是个不容错过的好机会。

解析：too + 形容词 + a/an + 名词，固定结构：too good an opportunity to miss。

11. In the (A) fast-pace modern society, a person can learn to (B) manage stress by setting (C) realistic goals, enjoying a hobby and/or physical exercise, (D) and maintaining a good, warm relationship with family and friends.

答案：(A) fast-paced

翻译：在快节奏的现代社会，人们可以通过设定实际目标、培养爱好或运动、维持良好温暖的亲情友情来管理压力。

解析：复合形容词 fast-paced（快节奏的），fast-pace 错误。

12. China has become a ______ market for many electronic products. (A) fast-grow (B) fast-grew (C) fast-grown (D) fast-growing

答案：(D)

翻译：中国已成为许多电子产品的快速增长市场。

解析：主动含义用现在分词构成复合形容词 fast-growing。

13. The flatworm is a ______ parasitic animal that can be detrimental to the human body if not gotten rid of. (A) soft-body (B) soft-bodied (C) softly-body (D) softly-bodied

答案：(B)

翻译：涡虫是软体寄生动物，若不清除会对人体有害。

解析：复合形容词 soft-bodied（软体的）。

14. A ______ comet should become one of the brightest lights in the sky—even outshining the Moon, according to astronomers. (A) new-discovered (B) newly-discovered (C) new discovered (D) new discovery

答案：(B)

翻译：天文学家表示，一颗新发现的彗星将成为夜空中最亮的星体之一，亮度甚至超过月亮。

解析：副词修饰过去分词构成被动复合形容词 newly-discovered。

15. Today in our medical surgery class, we had a student teacher, ______ who was filling in for our usual professor. (A) an intern male young (B) an intern young male (C) a young male intern (D) a young intern male

答案：(C)

翻译：今天外科课由一位实习老师代课，他是位年轻的男实习医师。

解析：形容词顺序：观点 → 年龄 → 性别 → 名词，a young male intern。

16. Joe’s collection includes ______. (A) four antique silver small coins (B) small four antique silver coins (C) four small antique silver coins (D) four small silver antique coins

答案：(D)

翻译：乔的收藏品包括四枚小型古董银币。

解析：形容词顺序：数量 → 大小 → 年代 → 材质 → 名词，four small antique silver coins。

17. “You’ll discover that Jane is a generous person.” “That ______ is enough to make me like her.” (A) single (B) only (C) alone (D) lonely

答案：(C)

翻译：“你会发现简是个慷慨的人。”“光是这一点就足以让我喜欢她。”

解析：alone 作后置形容词，that alone 意为“光是那一点”。

18. When he (A) knew that he had been (B) accused of fraud, he (C) committed suicide. He knew that he would be (D) found guilt.

答案：(D) found guilty

翻译：当他知道自己被控欺诈时便自杀了，他知道自己一定会被判有罪。

解析：find + 宾语 + 形容词，被动为 be found guilty（被判有罪）。

19. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ______ lonely.

答案：(B) anything but

翻译：他独自一人在空屋里，却忙于研究工作，一点也不觉得寂寞。

解析：anything but 意为“绝不、根本不”。

20. I find it curiously that Greta and John always sits together in class.

答案：curious / sit

翻译：我觉得很奇怪，葛丽塔和约翰上课总是坐在一起。

解析：find it + 形容词，curiously 改为 curious；主语为复数，sits 改为 sit。

Chapter 5 副词

重要观念

1. 副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词。

2. 有些副词可作介副词、强调副词、程度副词。

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

1. People who received greater social support were less likely to come ______ with a cold. (A) across (B) along (C) down (D) out

答案：(C)

翻译：获得更多社会支持的人比较不容易感冒。

解析：come down with 是固定短语，意为“染上（疾病）”，down 为介副词。

2. Several schemes have been advanced for ______ packaging delicate glassware for shipment. (A) secure (B) securing (C) securely (D) security

答案：(C)

翻译：已经提出多种方案，以便安全地包装易碎玻璃器皿进行运输。

解析：修饰动名词 packaging 必须用副词 securely。

3. In another experiment, (A) results showed that certain people have a specific, (B) biological induced hunger for carbohydrates. When people eat carbohydrates, the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, rises.

答案：(B) biologically

翻译：另一项实验结果显示，有些人对碳水化合物有一种特定的、由生理因素引发的饥饿感。摄入碳水化合物时，大脑中的血清素水平会上升。

解析：修饰过去分词 induced 必须用副词 biologically。

4. The nature of black holes, which are thought to result from the gravitational collapse of giant stars, is ______ clearly understood. (A) neither (B) nor (C) none (D) not

答案：(D)

翻译：黑洞被认为是巨型恒星引力坍缩的产物，但其本质并未被清楚理解。

解析：not 是副词，修饰动词 is，构成否定。

5. (A) No matter how (B) cautious snowmobiles (C) are driven, they are capable (D) of damaging the land over which they travel.

答案：(B) cautiously

翻译：无论雪地摩托开得多小心，它们仍有可能损坏行驶过的地面。

解析：修饰动词 are driven 必须用副词 cautiously。

6. The identified factors are listed ______ in order of importance as ranked by the committee. (A) in the bellows (B) in the below (C) in the followings (D) below

答案：(D)

翻译：已识别的因素按委员会评定的重要性顺序列于下方。

解析：below 可直接作副词，修饰 listed。

7. The construction project ended up costing much more than ______ estimated. (A) initially (B) initial (C) initiation (D) initiated

答案：(A)

翻译：这项建筑工程最终花费远高于最初预估。

解析：修饰过去分词 estimated 用副词 initially。

8. A marketing consultant for our company ______ included incorrect data on the customer survey report. (A) mistakenly (B) mistake (C) to mistake (D) mistaken

答案：(A)

翻译：我们公司的一位营销顾问错误地在客户调查报告中加入了不正确的数据。

解析：修饰动词 included 用副词 mistakenly。

9. Cell phone industry reporters speculated that Apple Inc. would release its new product by year’s end, but the company decided to do ______. (A) accordingly (B) on the whole (C) otherwise (D) after all

答案：(C)

翻译：手机行业记者推测苹果公司会在年底前发布新产品，但该公司决定采取不同做法。

解析：otherwise 作副词，意为“以不同方式、另外”。

10. If nothing else, voters will question the integrity of the process and may question the results of the election ______. (A) regarded (B) regard of (C) regarding (D) regardless

答案：(D)

翻译：无论如何，选民都会质疑流程的公正性，也可能质疑选举结果。

解析：regardless 作副词，意为“无论如何”。

11. Although some people would ______ eat insects for food, most people never would. (A) voluntary (B) volunteer (C) voluntarily (D) vulnerable

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然有些人自愿吃昆虫，但大多数人绝不会这样做。

解析：修饰动词 eat 用副词 voluntarily。

12. She will not say what the item is, claiming that she won’t divulge the secret of a valuable or important item to people she does not know and can ______ be expected to trust. (A) hardly (B) merely (C) simply (D) almost (E) easily

答案：(A)

翻译：她不肯透露物品是什么，声称绝不会把贵重物品的秘密泄露给不认识、也几乎不可能信任的人。

解析：hardly 为否定副词，意为“几乎不”。

13. The man’s handwriting is so peculiar as to make what he writes ______ recognizable. (A) hardly (B) harder (C) hard (D) hardship

答案：(A)

翻译：此人字迹非常特别，以至于写的东西几乎无法辨认。

解析：修饰形容词 recognizable 用副词 hardly。

14. The mystery that people tend to be exquisitely (B) sensitive to the breath quality of their fellows and (C) notorious bad at (D) smelling their own still (E) remains.

答案：(C) notoriously

翻译：人们对别人的口气异常敏感，却极不擅长察觉自己的口臭，这个谜团依然未解。

解析：修饰形容词 bad 用副词 notoriously。

15. It was uncomfortably cold in the boardroom because someone had set the air conditioner ______ low. (A) far (B) such (C) too (D) much

答案：(C)

翻译：会议室冷得让人不舒服，因为有人把空调调得太低了。

解析：修饰副词 low 用程度副词 too。

16. Andrew, my father’s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, ______ to the family’s disappointment. (A) much (B) more (C) too much (D) much more

答案：(A)

翻译：我叔叔安德鲁不来野餐，让全家人非常失望。

解析：much 作副词，加强 to the family’s disappointment 的语气。

17. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be ______ near what’s needed. (A) everywhere (B) somewhere (C) nowhere (D) anywhere

答案：(C)

翻译：联合国将提供援助，但这些援助远远不够所需。

解析：nowhere near 是固定短语，意为“远非、远远不够”。

18. I’m ______ terribly sorry, Mr. Chen. I’ll ensure it doesn’t happen again. (A) much (B) most (C) more (D) many

答案：(B)

翻译：陈先生，我非常非常抱歉。我保证不会再发生。

解析：most 在此作加强语气副词，most terribly 意为“非常、极其”。

19. A: Did Charles vote in the last election? B: No, he wasn’t ______. (A) enough old then (B) then enough old (C) old then enough (D) old enough then

答案：(D)

翻译：A：查尔斯上次选举投票了吗？B：没有，他当时还不够大。

解析：enough 修饰形容词必须后置：old enough。

20. The truth is, Geraldine, (A) that in your case as an undergraduate student, you are not studying (C) adequate enough, and you may find yourself in an (D) awkward predicament sometime soon (E) in the near future.

答案：(C) adequately enough

翻译：杰拉尔丁，事实是，作为一名本科生，你学习不够努力，不久后可能会陷入困境。

解析：修饰动词 studying 用副词 adequately。

21. Pricing methods do not depend on quality alone, but reflect varying levels of spending patterns ______. (A) as good (B) as well (C) as well also (D) also as well

答案：(B)

翻译：定价方式不仅取决于质量，也反映不同层次的消费模式。

解析：as well 作副词，意为“也”，置于句末。

22. New York’s Statue of Liberty was designed to be a beacon for ships and a monument ______. (A) the two (B) in addition to (C) as well (D) together

答案：(C)

翻译：纽约的自由女神像既是船只的灯塔，也是一座纪念碑。

解析：as well 表示“也”，用于句末。

23. While cigarette packs in the United States are stamped with small-print notices mentioning the risks of emphysema and birth defects, ______ often use more direct language. (A) packs everywhere (B) packs nowhere (C) packs elsewhere (D) packs anywhere

答案：(C)

翻译：美国香烟包装上印有小字提示肺气肿与生育缺陷风险，而其他地方的包装则使用更直接的文字。

解析：elsewhere 是地方副词，修饰 packs，表示“其他地方的包装”。

24. I always eat breakfast before going to school. ______, I would get hungry during class. (A) If (B) Otherwise (C) Unless (D) Although

答案：(B)

翻译：我上学前总是吃早餐，否则上课会饿。

解析：otherwise 是连接副词，意为“否则”。

25. Higher standards of health care mean people are living longer. ______, birth rates in many countries are declining, so the world’s populations are aging. (A) Whereas (B) Meanwhile (C) While (D) Whenever (E) Regardless

答案：(B)

翻译：更高水平的医疗让人们寿命延长。与此同时，许多国家的出生率下降，因此全球人口正在老龄化。

解析：meanwhile 是连接副词，意为“与此同时”。

26. Every mutation or other rearrangement of our DNA that brought one of our ancestors closer to being human, when it first occurred, must necessarily have been unique, and, ______, abnormal. (A) therefore (B) despite (C) albeit (D) nevertheless

答案：(A)

翻译：每一种让人类祖先更接近现代人的DNA突变或重组，在首次出现时必定是独特的，因此也是“异常”的。

解析：therefore 是连接副词，表因果“因此”。

27. In Asia, many people still live with their parents even though they are making their own living. ______, young people in the United States move away from their family as early as they go to college. (A) For this reason (B) On the contrary (C) In addition (D) In the same way

答案：(B)

翻译：在亚洲，许多人即使经济独立仍和父母同住。相反，美国年轻人一上大学就搬出去住。

解析：on the contrary 是连接副词，意为“相反地”。

28. They spent a lazy afternoon sitting by the beach doing nothing. ______, they enjoyed a romantic lunch at a waterfront restaurant. (A) Meanwhile (B) Afterwards (C) Earlier (D) Subsequently

答案：(C)

翻译：他们在海边慵懒地坐了一下午，什么也没做。更早之前，他们在海滨餐厅享用了浪漫午餐。

解析：earlier 是时间副词，意为“早些时候”。

29. Some say everything happens for a reason; others say things happen by chance. ______, some people believe in fate, while others don’t. (A) Similarly (B) Owing to (C) For instance (D) In short

答案：(D)

翻译：有人说凡事皆有因，有人说事出偶然。简而言之，有人信命，有人不信。

解析：in short 是连接副词，意为“简而言之”。

30. I don’t want to go out because it is getting dark out there. ______, the forecast predicted rain. (A) Furthermore (B) Nevertheless (C) Needless to say (D) No doubt

答案：(A)

翻译：我不想出门，因为天黑了。此外，天气预报说会下雨。

解析：furthermore 是连接副词，意为“此外、而且”。

Chapter 6 比较句法

重要观念

1. 比较句法要求比较的双方平行对称。

2. 常见的比较句法相关词组：

大于：more … than

等于：as … as

小于：less … than / not so … as / not as … as

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

1. It is far better to teach a man a trade ______. (A) more than give him charity (B) instead of offering him money (C) without helping him by giving him charity (D) than to offer him charity

答案：(D)

翻译：教人一技之长，远比直接施舍给他要好得多。

解析：better 是比较级，必须搭配 than；前后结构平行：to teach… than to offer…。

2. The audience should be encouraged to enjoy rather than ______ the movie. (A) analyze (B) have analyzed (C) analyzing (D) analyzed

答案：(A)

翻译：应该鼓励观众好好欣赏电影，而不是去分析它。

解析：rather than 前后结构平行，前面是原形 enjoy，后面用原形 analyze。

3. Stephen ______ than do his homework. (A) would play instead of (B) would rather play (C) prefers playing to (D) prefers

答案：(B)

翻译：史蒂芬宁愿玩也不愿做功课。

解析：固定句型 would rather do than do。

4. Houses in this area are much larger than ______ in the other parts of the city. (A) this (B) those (C) that (D) these

答案：(B)

翻译：这个区域的房子比城市其他区域的房子大得多。

解析：比较对象为复数 houses，用 those 替代避免重复。

5. Today’s educational policies differ greatly from ______. (A) those are past (B) the past (C) those of the past (D) which are the past

答案：(C)

翻译：现在的教育政策与过去的大不相同。

解析：复数名词 policies 用 those 替代，those of the past = the policies of the past。

6. The Mona Lisa is a name which is perhaps more recognizable to people throughout the world ______ of da Vinci himself. (A) than (B) as (C) than that (D) to that

答案：(C)

翻译：蒙娜丽莎这个名字，可能比达芬奇本人的名字更被世人熟知。

解析：比较 name 与 name，用 that 替代后面的 name。

7. Many urban office buildings, in fact, have concentrations of carbon dioxide eight or more times ______ the atmosphere. (A) as high (B) as higher of (C) as high as that of (D) higher than that for

答案：(C)

翻译：事实上，许多都市办公楼的二氧化碳浓度是大气中的八倍以上。

解析：倍数 + as + 形容词 + as；that of 替代 the concentration of。

8. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ______. (A) of last year’s (B) those of last year’s (C) of those of last year (D) that of last year’s

答案：(D)

翻译：今年马拉松报名人数是去年的一半。

解析：the number 是单数，用 that 替代。

9. The historic worth of a single letter may be higher than ______. (A) entire a diary (B) it is of an entire diary (C) that of an entire diary (D) be of an entire diary

答案：(C)

翻译：一封信的历史价值可能高于整本日记。

解析：比较 worth 与 worth，用 that 替代后面的 worth。

10. A turkey’s neck is (A) a little longer (B) that than of a duck, (C) and not so (D) gracefully curved as a (E) swan’s.

答案：(B) than that

翻译：火鸡的脖子比鸭子的脖子长一点，却不像天鹅的脖子那样优雅弯曲。

解析：比较 neck 与 neck，用 that 替代鸭子的 neck。

11. The tuition of a public university is usually much lower than ______ a private university. (A) which of (B) theirs (C) that of (D) those of

答案：(C)

翻译：公立大学的学费通常比私立大学低很多。

解析：tuition 是不可数名词，用 that 替代。

12. He will take charge of a company that is significantly bigger and more powerful than ______ he left more than a decade ago. (A) that (B) that one (C) the one (D) which

答案：(C)

翻译：他将掌管一家规模比他十多年前离开的那家大得多、也更有实力的公司。

解析：a company 对应 the one，特指某一家公司。

13. The preparation and the cleanup afterward constitute the most difficult part of baking apple pies. It actually takes longer to prepare and bake apple pies than ______. (A) they being eaten (B) they do to be eaten (C) it does for them to be eaten (D) it does be eaten them

答案：(C)

翻译：准备与清理是烤苹果派最难的部分，准备和烘烤所花的时间其实比吃掉它们更长。

解析：平行结构 it takes… than it does…，does 替代 takes。

14. Microscopes make small things appear larger than ______. (A) really are (B) are really (C) are they really (D) they really are

答案：(D)

翻译：显微镜让小东西看起来比实际更大。

解析：比较从句用正常语序：they really are。

15. (A) That the Moon appears considerably (B) large at the horizon than it (C) does overhead is merely an optical illusion.

答案：(B) larger

翻译：月亮在地平线上看起来比在头顶上大得多，这只是一种视觉错觉。

解析：有 than 必须用比较级 larger。

16. Supposedly, digital voice discs, or DVDs as they are called, are ______ resistant to scratching ______ records. (A) much / than (B) so / as (C) such / that (D) far more / than

答案：(D)

翻译：据称，数字音频光盘（DVD）比黑胶唱片更耐刮。

解析：比较级 more… than…，far 加强语气。

17. ______ in Taipei than in any other city in Taiwan. (A) More people live (B) More people living (C) It has more people (D) More living people

答案：(A)

翻译：住在台北的人比台湾其他任何城市都多。

解析：句子需要完整主词 + 动词，More people live 符合。

18. ______ has occupied more human time and energy than the tasks related to finding, collecting, transporting, and preparing food. (A) Nothing (B) It (C) Anything (D) Whatever

答案：(A)

翻译：没有什么比寻找、收集、运输和准备食物更占用人类时间与精力了。

解析：nothing 表示最高级含义，搭配 more…than…。

19. The first performers in films are figures ______ than of life. (A) mostly legend (B) legendarily more (C) more of legend (D) more legendary

答案：(C)

翻译：电影中的早期表演者与其说是现实人物，不如说是传奇人物。

解析：more of A than of B 结构，表示“与其说是B，不如说是A”。

20. Setting up a corporation requires more paperwork and legal provision ______. (A) than to establish either a proprietorship or a partnership (B) than to either establish a proprietorship or a partnership (C) than establishing either a proprietorship or a partnership (D) than establishing proprietorships and partnerships

答案：(C)

翻译：成立公司所需的文书与法律程序比成立独资或合伙公司更多。

解析：平行结构：Setting up… than establishing…。

21. Please speak a little ______, or I am afraid I can’t follow you. (A) slowly (B) slowlier (C) more slow (D) more slowly (E) very slowly

答案：(D)

翻译：请说慢一点，否则我怕跟不上。

解析：副词 slowly 的比较级是 more slowly。

22. The Franklin stove, which became common in the 1790s, burned wood ______ an open fireplace. (A) efficiently much more than (B) much more efficiently than

答案：(B)

翻译：1790年代流行的富兰克林壁炉，燃烧木材的效率远高于开放式壁炉。

解析：副词比较级：much more efficiently than。

23. Once (A) their link to the Net is established, (B) viewers will be able to (C) navigate websites with their remotes as easily as they now (D) surfing TV channels.

答案：(D) surf

翻译：一旦连上网络，观众就能用遥控器浏览网站，就像他们现在切换电视频道一样轻松。

解析：as…as… 结构平行，前面是原形 navigate，后面用原形 surf。

24. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ______ or better than an actual performance. (A) as good as (B) as good (C) good (D) good as

答案：(A)

翻译：你喜欢听唱片吗？我发现唱片通常和现场表演一样好，甚至更好。

解析：as good as 表示同级比较。

25. The pedestrian has traffic rules to follow ______ the driver of a vehicle. (A) as many (B) so much (C) more (D) such

答案：(A) as many as

翻译：行人必须遵守的交通规则和驾驶人一样多。

解析：rules 是复数可数名词，用 as many as。

26. Sleep disorders ______ mood swings as well as be worsened by them. (A) can worsen (B) worsen (C) worsened (D) are worsening

答案：(A)

翻译：睡眠障碍会导致情绪波动，也会被情绪波动恶化。

解析：can 后面接原形，与后面 be worsened 平行。

27. Internationals are allowed to stay in the United States for as long as ______ as full-time students in an educational program and making normal progress toward completing their course of study. (A) they are enrolled (B) they enrolled (C) they have been enrolled (D) enrolling

答案：(A)

翻译：国际学生只要作为全日制学生注册入学，并正常完成学业，就可以留在美国。

解析：as long as 后面用被动语态 be enrolled。

28. I’ve never known anyone to enjoy a carnival ______. (A) as more as them (B) as much as they (C) as much as them (D) as more as they

答案：(B)

翻译：我从没见过有人像他们一样那么喜欢嘉年华。

解析：as much as 同级比较；they 是主格，与 anyone 平行。

29. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates ______ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. (A) and (B) as (C) but (D) or

答案：(B)

翻译：人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率上升，不如说是医疗改善带来的死亡率下降。

解析：固定句型 not so much A as B。

30. Owing to more advanced environmental protection measures, many toxic metals are now far ______ than they were. (A) as dangerous (B) the least dangerous (C) less dangerous (D) dangerous

答案：(C)

翻译：由于更先进的环保措施，许多有毒金属现在比过去危险程度低得多。

解析：less dangerous 表示“危险性更低”。

31. A recent study found that not only do men rate “emotional pictures” as less “emotionally stimulating” ______ women, but they also struggle to remember the images with the same clarity as women afterwards. (A) as (B) of (C) then (D) than

答案：(D)

翻译：最近研究发现，男性不仅觉得情感画面不如女性有情绪冲击力，事后也难以像女性一样清晰记住画面。

解析：less… 搭配 than。

32. Women today are having an average of ______ than did women 20 years ago. (A) one fewer child (B) fewer one child (C) one less child (D) less one child

答案：(A)

翻译：现在女性平均生育的孩子比20年前少一个。

解析：child 是可数名词，用 fewer。

33. Of all the different topics of controversy, from religion to the environment, nothing appears to get people ______ as the topic of politics. (A) so inflamed (B) with anger (C) being furious (D) more outrageous

答案：(A)

翻译：从宗教到环保，在所有争议话题中，没有什么比政治更能让人情绪激动。

解析：get people + 形容词；nothing… as… 表示最高级。

34. In winter months, northern Taiwan receives more rainfall than ______ southern Taiwan. (A) is (B) in (C) it will be (D) does

答案：(D)

翻译：冬季，台湾北部的降雨量比南部多。

解析：does 替代 receives，保持平行。

35. The train runs ______ than 120 km per hour. (A) no faster (B) not fast (C) not faster (D) no fast

答案：(A)

翻译：这列火车时速不超过120公里。

解析：no faster than = 不快于。

36. The house prices in urban areas are ______ higher than those in rural regions. (A) very (B) most (C) more (D) much

答案：(D)

翻译：城市房价远高于农村地区。

解析：much 可修饰比较级 higher。

37. (A) In the field of (B) classical music, Mozart has earned (C) a reputation that is (D) far greater than (E) any other composer.

答案：(E) that of any other composer

翻译：在古典音乐领域，莫扎特获得的声誉远高于其他任何作曲家。

解析：比较 reputation 与 reputation，用 that 替代。

38. This newly designed computer can store ten times ______ the old model. (A) as much information as (B) information as much as (C) as many information as (D) information as many as

答案：(A)

翻译：这台新设计的电脑能储存的信息是旧型号的十倍。

解析：information 不可数，用 as much information as。

39. Mary’s watch is as expensive as her husband’s. Her father’s watch costs ______ theirs. (A) as much as twice (B) twice more (C) twice as much as (D) as twice more

答案：(C)

翻译：玛丽的手表和她丈夫的一样贵，她父亲的手表价格是他们的两倍。

解析：倍数 + as + 形容词 + as。

40. You sang well last night. We hope you’ll sing ______. (A) more better (B) still better (C) nicely (D) best

答案：(B)

翻译：你昨晚唱得很好，我们希望你唱得更好。

解析：still better = even better。

41. The city is ______ as it used to be. (A) twice as populated (B) two time as populated (C) twice more populated than (D) two more times as populated

答案：(A)

翻译：这座城市的人口是过去的两倍。

解析：倍数 + as + 形容词 + as。

42. When finally allowed to sleep, volunteers who had been kept awake for as many as 48 hours dreamed ______ than usual. (A) more considerably (B) considerably more (C) most (D) most considerably

答案：(B)

翻译：被剥夺睡眠长达48小时的志愿者终于可以睡觉时，做梦时间比平时多得多。

解析：considerably 修饰比较级 more。

43. ______ human beings have relatively constant body temperature. (A) Alike all mammal (B) Alike all mammals (C) Like all mammals (D) Like all mammal

答案：(C)

翻译：和所有哺乳动物一样，人类体温相对恒定。

解析：like 是介词，后接名词；all mammals 复数。

44. (A) Unlike Christian art, which influences people (B) to have religious feelings, the goal of traditional art in many African countries (C) is to influence (D) spiritual powers (E) to enter people’s lives.

答案：(A) Unlike

翻译：与基督教艺术影响人们产生宗教情感不同，许多非洲传统艺术的目的是影响灵界力量进入人的生活。

解析：unlike 表示对比。

45. ______ the bacteria and protozoans, the virus cannot reproduce itself or digest food. (A) Be not like (B) Likewise (C) Unlike (D) Alike

答案：(C)

翻译：与细菌和原生动物不同，病毒无法自我繁殖或消化食物。

解析：unlike 表示对比。

46. (A) Unlike drugs or (B) alcohol, the television experience allows the participant (C) to blot out the real world and (D) enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state.

答案：(A) Unlike

翻译：与毒品或酒精不同，电视体验能让人暂时忘却现实世界，进入愉悦且被动的心理状态。

解析：unlike 表示对比。

47. Most of the inhabitants of this island had never seen a foreigner, ______ a foreign woman. (A) much less (B) not speaking of (C) more less (D) of course not

答案：(A)

翻译：这个岛上大多数居民从没见过外国人，更不用说外国女人了。

解析：much less = 更不用说。

48. Thousands of homeless families do not have enough money to buy food, not to mention ______ in a hotel. (A) stay (B) staying (C) have stayed (D) to stay

答案：(A)

翻译：成千上万无家可归的家庭连吃饭钱都没有，更不用说住旅馆了。

解析：not to mention 后接原形动词。

49. People have to keep the environment as clean and healthful ______. (A) as possible (B) as they are possible (C) as can possible (D) as can

答案：(A)

翻译：人们必须尽可能保持环境干净健康。

解析：as … as possible 固定搭配。

50. ______ one third of a car’s fuel consumption is spent in overcoming friction, and this friction loss has a direct impact on both fuel consumption and emissions. (A) Following (B) No less than

答案：(B)

翻译：汽车三分之一的燃料消耗用于克服摩擦，这种摩擦损耗直接影响油耗与排放。

解析：no less than = 多达、不少于。

51. Peter cannot afford a car, ______ a house. (A) still less (B) much more (C) even less (D) more or less

答案：(A)

翻译：彼得连车都买不起，更不用说房子了。

解析：still less = 更不用说。

52. We need your approval urgently. Please respond to our e-mail soon ______. (A) as possible (B) as soon as possible (C) as I as possibly (D) as possible I as

答案：(B)

翻译：我们急需你的批准，请尽快回复邮件。

解析：as soon as possible 固定搭配。

53. (A) As many art (B) connoisseurs (C) have remarked that Picasso was (D) more versatile than (E) any artist.

答案：(E) any other artist

翻译：正如许多艺术鉴赏家所说，毕加索比其他任何艺术家更多才多艺。

解析：比较级必须排除自己，用 any other artist。

54. The rougher ______, the less cargo a ship may carry. (A) the sea (B) is the sea (C) of the sea (D) to the sea

答案：(A)

翻译：海面越汹涌，船只可载的货物越少。

解析：the + 比较级 + 主词 + 动词，the sea is 省略 is。

55. The human body is like a complex machine. ______ you take care of it, ______ it will last. (A) The well / the long (B) The better / the longer (C) The more well / the more long (D) The more better / the more longer

答案：(B)

翻译：人体就像复杂的机器，你照顾得越好，它用得越久。

解析：the better… the longer…。

56. The ______ you work, the ______ chance you will have to win the promotion. (A) hardly / good (B) hardly / better (C) harder / better (D) harder / good

答案：(C)

翻译：你工作越努力，获得晋升的机会就越大。

解析：the harder… the better…。

57. The ______ the man tried to apologize, the more likely his wife would forgive him. (A) more hard (B) more harder (C) more hardly (D) harder

答案：(D)

翻译：这个男人越努力道歉，妻子越有可能原谅他。

解析：hard 的比较级是 harder。

58. The longer an athlete works at training, ______. (A) the athlete will be better (B) better the athlete will be (C) the better the athlete will be (D) better will be the athlete

答案：(C)

翻译：运动员训练时间越长，表现就越好。

解析：the longer… the better…。

59. The harder you practice, ______ you will become. (A) the best baseball player (B) the more likely baseball player (C) the better baseball player (D) the easy baseball player

答案：(C)

翻译：你练习越努力，就会成为越好的棒球选手。

解析：the harder… the better…。

60. The faster Tom walks, ______. (A) the more tired he gets (B) more tired

答案：(A)

翻译：汤姆走得越快，就越累。

解析：the faster… the more tired…。

61. The more we learn about the ambassador, the more we have ______. (A) increase of his status (B) accumulate his reverence (C) praise increasing (D) respect in him (E) admiration for him

答案：(E)

翻译：我们越了解这位大使，就越钦佩他。

解析：have admiration for sb. 钦佩某人。

62. ______ tilted toward the sun, the more heat it receives and the hotter it is. (A) The earth is most (B) The more the earth is (C) The earth is more than (D) As more as the earth is

答案：(B)

翻译：地球向太阳倾斜得越厉害，接收的热量就越多，温度就越高。

解析：the more… the more…。

63. He tried to control himself, but the more he ______, the more he laughed. (A) tried (B) had tried (C) trying (D) tries

答案：(A)

翻译：他努力控制自己，但越忍越想笑。

解析：the more… the more…，时态一致用 tried。

64. (A) We tested several scanners at the trade show in Taipei and the new Xerox 3500 (B) seemed to be the (C) better one (D) for our purposes.

答案：(C) best

翻译：我们在台北展场测试了几台扫描仪，新款施乐3500似乎最适合我们需求。

解析：several 表示三者以上，用最高级 best。

65. The cheetah is said to be ______ running mammal on earth, with a top sprinting speed of 70 miles per hour. (A) more fastest (B) faster (C) the most faster (D) the fastest

答案：(D)

翻译：猎豹据说是地球上跑得最快的哺乳动物，最高时速达70英里。

解析：on earth 表示范围，用最高级 the fastest。

66. Of Ernest Hemingway’s many novels, The Old Man and the Sea is perhaps ______ to many readers. (A) the most famous one (B) most famous one (C) more than famous one (D) the more famous than

答案：(A)

翻译：在海明威众多小说中，《老人与海》对许多读者而言或许是最著名的一部。

解析：many novels 表示范围，用最高级。

67. This movie, said to have cost at least $200 million to make, is well on its way to becoming ______ movie of all time. (A) the highest-grossing (B) the higher-grossing (C) a higher-grossing (D) a highest-grossing

答案：(A)

翻译：这部据说耗资至少2亿美元的电影，正成为影史票房最高的电影。

解析：of all time 表示范围，用最高级。

68. I cannot believe that Ted thinks Harry ______. (A) is the strongest of any other boy on the wrestling team (B) is the strongest than all the boys on the wrestling team (C) is the strongest of all the boys on the wrestling team (D) is strongest boy on the wrestling team

答案：(C)

翻译：我不敢相信泰德认为哈利是摔跤队里最强壮的男孩。

解析：最高级 the strongest of all the boys。

69. Of Claude Monet’s many great works, his early paintings about life and family are perhaps ______ to the public. (A) the most satisfying ones (B) most satisfying ones (C) more than satisfying ones (D) the more satisfying (E) more satisfied

答案：(A)

翻译：在莫奈众多杰作中，他早期关于生活与家庭的画作或许最受公众喜爱。

解析：many works 表示范围，用最高级。

70. Eva was (A) the less talented (B) native speaker of Chinese I (C) had ever (D) before (E) I became her advisor twelve years ago.

答案：(A) the least talented

翻译：伊娃是我十二年前成为她导师以来，见过最没有天赋的中文母语者。

解析：ever 表示最高级含义，用 the least talented。

Chapter 7 介系词

重要观念

介系词是表达词与词之间关系的重要词类，也是考试的重点。本章题目涵盖常用介系词、惯用法、固定搭配。

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

1. ______ the obvious need for warmth in cold climates, and for protection from the elements, dress, in all cultures, is essentially about three things: sex differentiation, status signals and affiliation signals. (A) Above all (B) Accordingly (C) Apart from

答案：(C)

翻译：除了在寒冷气候中保暖、抵御风雨的明显需求之外，服饰在所有文化中本质上关乎三件事：性别区分、地位象征与归属象征。

解析：apart from 表示「除了……之外」，符合句意。

2. To become finalists in the competition for scholarships, the students must perform well on a second examination. ______, they must earn their principals’ recommendation. (A) For example (B) As such (C) In fact (D) Although (E) In addition

答案：(E)

翻译：想要成为奖学金角逐的决赛者，学生必须在第二次考试中表现良好。此外，他们还必须获得校长的推荐。

解析：in addition 表示「此外、另外」，用于补充条件。

3. Elizabeth Taylor was very active with her charity work ______ those suffering with AIDS. (A) in exchange for (B) in spite of (C) on behalf of (D) Even if (E) Nonetheless

答案：(C)

翻译：伊丽莎白·泰勒积极投身慈善工作，代表艾滋病患者发声。

解析：on behalf of 表示「代表、为了……的利益」。

4. While most industries face cutbacks and layoffs ______ the current economic climate, there is one career that is projected to grow steadily in the future: Medical Assistants. (A) as a result of (C) in charge of (B) in the event of (D) notwithstanding

答案：(A)

翻译：由于当前经济形势，大多数行业都面临缩减与裁员，但医疗助理这一职业预计未来会稳步增长。

解析：as a result of 表示「由于、因为」。

5. ______ most climate experts, forest preservation must be part of the world’s response to global warming as well. (A) Above all (D) Until (B) Despite (E) According to (C) Other

答案：(E)

翻译：根据大多数气候专家的观点，森林保护也必须成为全球应对暖化的一部分。

解析：according to 表示「根据……所说」。

6. The official word from hotel operators concerning hotel etiquette is that they don’t condone inappropriate behavior ______. (A) on promises (D) on their premises (E) in their premises

答案：(D)

翻译：饭店业者关于礼仪的正式说法是，他们不容许在营业场所内出现不当行为。

解析：on one’s premises 固定搭配，表示「在某人的场所内」。

7. ______ my opponent, I believe that city funds should be used to build a new hospital. (A) In contrast to (D) Just as (B) Beside (E) On account of (C) Instead of

答案：(A)

翻译：与我的对手不同，我认为市政资金应该用来新建医院。

解析：in contrast to 表示「与……形成对比」。

8. ______ her parents, Chloe agreed to return to Houston and manage the family business, even though it meant giving up a highly paid job in New York. (A) By virtue of (D) On the verge of (B) In deference to (E) Look forward to (C) With the exception of

答案：(B)

翻译：出于对父母的尊重，克洛伊同意回到休斯顿打理家族生意，尽管这意味着放弃纽约的高薪工作。

解析：in deference to 表示「遵从、出于对……的尊重」。

9. (A) According the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth’s surface temperature (B) has risen (C) by one degree Fahrenheit (D) in the past century, with (E) accelerated warming during the past two decades.

答案：(A) According to

翻译：根据美国国家科学院的数据，地球表面温度在过去一个世纪上升了1华氏度，近二十年变暖速度加快。

解析：according 是形容词，必须搭配 to 形成介系词短语。

10. Which of the following would make the sentence ungrammatical? “I am looking forward to ______.” (A) your visit (B) hear from you (C) the day when we will meet again (D) seeing you again

答案：(B)

翻译：下列哪一项会让句子不合语法？「我很期待收到你的消息。」

解析：look forward to 中的 to 是介系词，后面必须接名词或动名词，不能接原形动词 hear。

11. I can eat any type of food ______ shrimps. Because of an allergy problem, I always avoid eating shrimps. (A) apart (C) except (B) in addition to (D) in addition

答案：(C)

翻译：除了虾子，我什么食物都能吃。因为过敏，我向来不吃虾。

解析：except 表示「除……之外（不包含）」。

12. Our visit to the university is ______ next Monday. (A) appointed on (C) scheduled for (B) appointed for (D) scheduled on

答案：(C)

翻译：我们参观大学的行程安排在下周一。

解析：be scheduled for + 日期，表示「安排在某日」。

13. In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different—perhaps different enough to throw myself ______ a hobby or a passion project with great intensity. (A) off (C) behind (B) against (D) into

答案：(D)

翻译：如果我不必工作，我的感受可能大不相同——或许会全心投入一项爱好或充满热情的计划。

解析：throw oneself into 表示「全身心投入」。

14. Some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction ______ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. (A) under (C) alongside (B) beyond (D) among

答案：(D)

翻译：一些研究表明，受教育程度低的中年人死亡率、心理问题与成瘾率上升的原因是缺乏高薪工作。

解析：among 表示「在……（三者以上）之中」。

15. Hugging is a marker of intimacy and helps generate the feeling that others are there to help ______ difficulty. (A) in the face of (C) in the way of (B) in the form of (D) in the name of

答案：(A)

翻译：拥抱是亲密的象征，也让人感受到面对困难时有人相助。

解析：in the face of 表示「面对……」。

16. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ______ the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being exposed to the virus. (A) of (C) at (B) in (D) on

答案：(D)

翻译：美国卡内基梅隆大学的研究者检验了感知到的社会支持与拥抱对参与者接触病毒后感冒机率的影响。

解析：effects on … 固定搭配，表示「对……的影响」。

17. ______ helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a host of health benefits to your body and mind. (A) Unlike (C) Despite (B) Besides (D) Throughout

答案：(B)

翻译：除了让你与在乎的人感觉亲密相连，拥抱还能为身心带来诸多健康益处。

解析：besides 表示「除了……之外（还有）」。

18. What is it that makes us feel we need to hide ______ our screens? (A) under (C) behind (B) beyond (D) from

答案：(C)

翻译：是什么让我们觉得需要躲在屏幕背后？

解析：hide behind 表示「躲在……后面」。

19. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted ______ 1,932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. (A) for (C) by (B) with (D) on

答案：(D)

翻译：这项研究是针对1932名受试者进行的全基因组分析，比较了无血缘朋友与无血缘陌生人。

解析：conducted on … 表示「在……身上进行」。

20. The observed similarity draws us to similar environments but there is more ______ it. (A) about (C) from (B) to (D) like

答案：(B)

翻译：观察到的相似性让我们趋向相似环境，但背后还有更深层的原因。

解析：there is more to it 固定句型，表示「没那么简单、另有原因」。

21. ______ the Internet, a single talk in a single theater can end up being seen by millions of people. (A) Thanks to (C) But for (B) Despite (D) Without

答案：(A)

翻译：多亏了互联网，一场剧院里的演讲最终能被数百万人观看。

解析：thanks to 表示「多亏、由于」。

22. From this shared backdrop, it is a short step to the desire to act together, to decide to embark together ______ a journey, a battle, a building, a celebration. (A) in (C) to (B) on (D) with

答案：(B)

翻译：有了这样的共同背景，人们很容易产生一起行动的愿望，决定一同开启一段旅程、一场战斗、一项建设、一场庆典。

解析：embark on 表示「开始、着手」。

23. The observable Universe extends tens of billions of light years, our visceral understanding of it is limited, but the only way to really comprehend this, as humans, is to break matters down into a series of steps, starting ______ the size of the Earth. (A) for I of (C) through I at (B) from I on (D) for I with

答案：(B)

翻译：可观测宇宙绵延数百亿光年，我们的直观理解有限，但人类真正理解它的唯一方法是拆解步骤，从地球大小开始。

解析：start from 表示「从……开始」。

24. Today, people are less confident that history moves ______ a series of set events. (A) through (B) out (C) up (D) underneath

答案：(A)

翻译：如今人们不再那么确信历史是沿着一连串既定事件发展的。

解析：move through 表示「经历、穿过」。

25. ______ trying to sweep away the mystery of mind by attributing it to the mechanisms of matter, we must grapple with the intertwined nature of the two. (A) With regard to (C) Due to (B) Rather than (D) In spite of

答案：(B)

翻译：我们不该试图把心灵的奥秘归于物质机制来抹去它，而必须理解两者交织的本质。

解析：rather than 表示「而不是」。

26. Fortunately, the outcome of the experiment corresponded ______ their expectation. (A) for (C) from (B) on (D) to

答案：(D)

翻译：幸运的是，实验结果与他们的预期相符。

解析：correspond to 表示「与……相符」。

27. ______ much consideration, Jonathan finally decided to move to Taipei to pursue his dream as a hair stylist. (A) Since (B) After

答案：(B)

翻译：深思熟虑之后，乔纳森最终决定搬到台北追求发型师的梦想。

解析：after + 名词，表示「在……之后」。

28. He wasn’t conscious ______ on his friend’s toes. (A) for having stepped (C) of having stepped (B) with stepping (D) at being stepped

答案：(C)

翻译：他没意识到自己踩到了朋友的脚。

解析：be conscious of 表示「意识到……」。

29. High cholesterol puts a person ______ a heart attack or stroke caused by a blood clot, so balanced diet is essential. (A) on risk at (C) in risk on (B) in risk at (D) at risk of

答案：(D)

翻译：高胆固醇会让人面临血栓引发心脏病或中风的风险，因此均衡饮食至关重要。

解析：at risk of 表示「有……的风险」。

30. ______ his lack of military background, Lincoln made several strategic decisions that led the Union to the victory in the Civil War. (A) Although (C) Even (B) Despite (D) Owing to

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管林肯缺乏军事背景，他仍做出多项战略决策，带领联邦在内战中获胜。

解析：despite + 名词，表示「尽管」。

31. John gets along with Peter ______ their different views on politics. (A) for fear of (C) instead of (B) in spite of (D) so as to

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管约翰和彼得政治观点不同，他们仍相处融洽。

解析：in spite of 表示「尽管」。

32. He decided to go for a sailing holiday ______ the fact that he was usually seasick. (A) because of (C) in case of (B) in spite of (D) as a result of

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管他平常会晕船，他还是决定去航海度假。

解析：in spite of the fact that 表示「尽管事实是……」。

33. ______ the promise of the field, and the brilliant people who work in it, biomimetics has led to surprisingly very few business successes. (A) Because of (C) Because (B) Despite (D) Although

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管这一领域前景光明、人才济济，仿生学在商业上的成功却出奇地少。

解析：despite + 名词，表示「尽管」。

34. ______ the language barrier, we are confident that we will be able to communicate. (A) As (C) Despite (D) Even though

答案：(C)

翻译：尽管有语言障碍，我们仍有信心能够沟通。

解析：despite + 名词，表示「尽管」。

35. ______ the vastness of their technology, the aliens perished because they failed to notice a defect in their plans. (A) In addition (D) Since (B) Therefore (E) Despite (C) While

答案：(E)

翻译：尽管外星人科技发达，他们却因没注意到计划中的缺陷而灭亡。

解析：despite + 名词，表示「尽管」。

36. ______ the limited budget, the event organizer still hosted an impressive dinner party to entertain the clients. (A) Although (C) Despite (B) Owing to (D) According to

答案：(C)

翻译：尽管预算有限，活动主办方仍举办了一场令人印象深刻的晚宴招待客户。

解析：despite + 名词，表示「尽管」。

37. Major Australian car-manufacturers will continue to produce their flagship large sedans ______ the recent increases in fuel costs. (A) for (C) although (B) except (D) despite

答案：(D)

翻译：尽管近期燃油价格上涨，澳大利亚主要车厂仍将继续生产旗舰大型轿车。

解析：despite + 名词，表示「尽管」。

38. (A) Despite of his (B) physical disadvantages, his (C) determination made him win the race.

答案：(A) Despite

翻译：尽管他身体有缺陷，他的决心让他赢得了比赛。

解析：despite 是介系词，后面直接加名词，不能加 of。

39. ______ his illness, Jack continued to work. (A) In spite of (C) Despite the fact that (B) Despite of (D) Inasmuch as

答案：(A)

翻译：尽管生病，杰克仍继续工作。

解析：in spite of + 名词，表示「尽管」。

40. Some people have a habit ______ their teeth while they are asleep. (A) of grounding (C) to ground (B) of grinding (D) grounding

答案：(B)

翻译：有些人睡觉时会磨牙。

解析：have a habit of doing 表示「有做……的习惯」；grind 磨，ground 是地面/搁浅。

41. Some business analysts argue that (A) although American automobile industry (B) is suffering because Congress (C) will not impose heavier import duties, but (D) others say that the cars themselves (E) are inferior than foreign competition.

答案：(E) inferior to

翻译：一些商业分析师认为，美国汽车业困境源于国会不加重进口税，但另一些人则认为汽车本身不如外国竞品。

解析：inferior 本身含比较意义，后面接 to，不接 than。

42. The fact is that still we do not know (A) why some people become addicts and others do not although there are many theories (B) that reason that some people simply have an “addictive personality type”, being far more (C) susceptible to the reward mechanism that produces addiction while others still believe that it is the addicts’ (D) lack of will power to refrain (E) without taking drugs or alcohol.

答案：(E) from

翻译：事实是，尽管有许多理论，我们仍不知道为何有些人成瘾而其他人不会。有人认为是成瘾人格，对奖赏机制更敏感；也有人认为是缺乏拒绝毒品酒精的意志力。

解析：refrain from 固定搭配，表示「避免、戒除」。

43. ______ recent adjustments in income tax rates, workers will find themselves pleasantly surprised by an increase in the size of their paychecks. (A) Due to (B) While (C) In fact (D) Whether

答案：(A)

翻译：由于最近所得税税率调整，员工会惊喜地发现薪水变多了。

解析：due to 表示「由于」。

44. This powerful earthquake has ______ hundreds of houses being damaged. (A) result (B) to result (C) resulted from (D) resulted in

答案：(D)

翻译：这次强震导致数百间房屋受损。

解析：result in 表示「导致」；result from 表示「起因于」。

45. This course will familiarize students ______ the psychology of children. After taking this course, students are expected to know a lot about what children tend to do in certain circumstances. (A) with (B) to (C) up (D) down

答案：(A)

翻译：这门课会让学生熟悉儿童心理学。修课后，学生应能充分了解儿童在特定情境下的行为。

解析：familiarize sb. with sth. 表示「让某人熟悉某事」。

46. If you wish to apply for this job, you need to send all the required documents to our company ______ next Tuesday. If we do not receive your documents before or on that day, we cannot accept your application. (A) by (B) of (C) over (D) for

答案：(A)

翻译：如果你想申请这份工作，必须在下周二前把所有文件寄到公司。当天或之前未收到将不予受理。

解析：by + 时间，表示「不晚于、在……之前」。

47. Sherron Watkins, one of the world’s best-known whistleblowers, told her boss, Ken Lay, that Enron was mired ______ accounting fraud. (A) in (B) on (C) with (D) for

答案：(A)

翻译：全球知名吹哨人之一雪伦·沃特金斯告诉老板肯·雷，安然公司深陷会计造假丑闻。

解析：be mired in 表示「深陷于」。

48. Day by day we watched the gradual metamorphosis of the tadpoles ______ frogs. (A) into (C) by (B) from (D) as

答案：(A)

翻译：我们日复一日看着蝌蚪逐渐变成青蛙。

解析：metamorphosis … into 表示「变成」。

49. At first, planners assumed that everyone who pre-registered would show up, and last-minute registrants were discouraged from attending. But now, aware of the ratio of pre-registrants ______ no-shows, the planning team responds with an enthusiastic yes to those who, at the last minute, wish to attend. (A) to (C) from (B) for (D) and

答案：(A)

翻译：起初规划者以为预注册者都会出席，不鼓励临时报名。但现在知道预注册者与未出席者的比例后，团队热情欢迎临时想参加的人。

解析：ratio of A to B 表示「A与B的比例」。

50. ______ all our available resources, everyone has the same number of hours in a day. Some, however, manage to get more done. (A) To (C) In (B) Of (D) About

答案：(B)

翻译：在我们所有可用资源中，每个人一天的时间都一样多。但有些人就是能完成更多事。

解析：of all … 表示「在所有……之中」。

51. Don’t walk ______ the street! Walk here ______ the sidewalk. (A) in I on (C) at I on (B) on I at (D) at I to

答案：(A)

翻译：别走到马路中间！要走在人行道上。

解析：in the street 在街上；on the sidewalk 在人行道上。

52. The campaign vowed to align federal policies ______ the needs of women and families-from pledging to fight for equal pay for equal work, to guaranteeing six weeks of paid maternity leave and tax credits for child care expenses. (A) at (C) upon (B) through (D) with

答案：(D)

翻译：该竞选承诺让联邦政策符合妇女与家庭需求，从争取同工同酬，到保证六周带薪产假与育儿减税。

解析：align … with 表示「使……符合、对齐」。

53. Mrs. Jameson insisted ______ me a new cup of coffee. (A) to brew (C) being brewed (B) by being brewed (D) on brewing

答案：(D)

翻译：詹姆森太太坚持要再为我煮一杯咖啡。

解析：insist on doing 表示「坚持做某事」。

54. The Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia is currently ______ construction and is working ______ the title of world’s tallest building. (A) in I on (C) on I by (B) under I towards (D) within I under

答案：(B)

翻译：沙特阿拉伯的吉达塔目前正在兴建中，力争成为世界第一高楼。

解析：under construction 在建造中；work towards 致力于、力争。

55. ______ comparison to research into vowel-like primate calls, the study of consonants in the evolution of language has been more difficult. (A) On (C) In (B) For (D) By

答案：(C)

翻译：相较于灵长类元音叫声的研究，语言演化中辅音的研究更为困难。

解析：in comparison to 表示「与……相比」。

56. Donald Trump says he is defending the United States ______ terrorism—but a “so-called judge” is “making the job very difficult.” (A) from (C) on (B) to (D) by

答案：(A)

翻译：特朗普称他在保护美国免受恐怖主义威胁，但所谓的法官却让任务变得困难。

解析：defend … from 表示「保护……免受」。

57. Ben plans to publish children’s books ______ the lines of Harry Potter. (A) in (C) along (B) about (D) on

答案：(C)

翻译：本计划出版类似《哈利波特》风格的儿童书籍。

解析：along the lines of 表示「类似、按照……的方式」。

58. The decision that (A) has just been (B) agreed with by the committee members should serve as a basis (C) for their work in the (D) years to come.

答案：(B) agreed to

翻译：委员会成员刚刚同意的决定应作为未来工作的基础。

解析：agree to 表示「同意（决定、计划）」；agree with 表示「同意某人观点」。

59. The Norwegian Nobel Committee officially announced that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2014 was awarded to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai for their struggle ______ the suppression of children and the right of all children to education. (A) off I with (C) with I on (B) above I upon (D) against I for

答案：(D)

翻译：挪威诺贝尔委员会宣布，2014年和平奖颁给萨蒂亚尔蒂与马拉拉，表彰他们对抗压制儿童、争取儿童教育权的奋斗。

解析：struggle against 对抗；struggle for 为……奋斗。

60. This CD player is not working properly. Could anyone please help to exchange it ______ a better one? (A) from (C) for (B) to (D) into

答案：(C)

翻译：这台CD播放器故障了，能帮我换一台好一点的吗？

解析：exchange A for B 表示「把A换成B」。

61. As one blogger commented, the economic situation is disadvantageous for the poorest and most vulnerable Americans, especially for the children who live in poverty-one of every three children ______ color. (A) to (C) in (B) of (D) by

答案：(B)

翻译：正如一位博主所说，经济形势对最贫困弱势的美国人不利，尤其贫困儿童——每三名儿童就有一名是有色人种。

解析：children of color 固定说法，表示「有色人种儿童」。

62. ______ the approach of the Xmas party, the students are getting excited. (A) As (C) When (B) With (D) Because

答案：(B)

翻译：随着圣诞派对临近，学生们越来越兴奋。

解析：with + 名词，表示「随着……」。

63. ______ the teacher’s surprise, the boy didn’t know the answer to such an easy question. (A) For (C) At (B) On (D) To

答案：(D)

翻译：令老师惊讶的是，这个男孩连这么简单的问题都不会。

解析：to one’s surprise 表示「令某人惊讶的是」。

64. During the winter break, Sam did nothing but hang ______ with his friends all day. (A) on (C) off (B) out (D) up

答案：(B)

翻译：寒假期间，山姆整天无所事事，只和朋友出去玩。

解析：hang out 表示「闲逛、出去玩」。

65. ______ a big baseball fan of Chen Wei-Yin, I never miss any of his games. (A) By (C) With (B) As (D) From

答案：(B)

翻译：作为陈伟殷的忠实棒球迷，我从不错过他的任何一场比赛。

解析：as 表示「作为」。

66. Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled ______ the decision made by our fellow countrymen. (A) for (C) to (B) on (D) in

答案：(C)

翻译：尽管我们对选举结果不满，但必须接受同胞做出的决定。

解析：reconciled to 表示「接受、顺从」。

67. Modern technological advances are being made, but ______. (A) with highly considerable expense (B) at a great expense (C) with great expense involved (D) by a lot of expenses

答案：(B)

翻译：现代科技不断进步，但代价巨大。

解析：at a great expense 表示「以巨大代价」。

68. I ______ a pilot someday. (A) dream to become (C) dream of becoming (B) dream to becoming (D) dream for becoming

答案：(C)

翻译：我梦想有一天成为飞行员。

解析：dream of doing 表示「梦想做某事」。

69. We should dress ourselves formally ______ such an important occasion. (A) at (C) on (B) in (D) by

答案：(C)

翻译：在如此重要的场合，我们应该正式着装。

解析：on … occasion 表示「在……场合」。

70. Every parent is aware of their infant’s tendencies to rapidly go between sleep and wakefulness ______. (A) in and out (C) back and forth (B) up and down (D) inside and outside

答案：(C)

翻译：每位父母都知道婴儿会在睡眠与清醒之间来回快速切换。

解析：back and forth 表示「来回、反复」。

71. Crowds of people lined up day and night to get ______ the roller-coaster ride. (A) in (C) of (B) with (D) on

答案：(D)

翻译：人群日夜排队等着坐上过山车。

解析：get on 表示「上车、搭乘」。

72. Popular music appeals ______ a majority of young people. (A) for (C) by (B) at (D) to

答案：(D)

翻译：流行音乐吸引大多数年轻人。

解析：appeal to 表示「吸引、对……有吸引力」。

73. Current liabilities are debts that must be paid ______ a year. (A) by (C) until (B) with (D) within

答案：(D)

翻译：流动负债是一年内必须偿还的债务。

解析：within a year 表示「一年内」。

74. ______ behalf of the staff and students, the principal warmly greeted the visitors to the school. (A) For (C) On (B) By (D) At

答案：(C)

翻译：校长代表全体师生热烈欢迎来访客人。

解析：on behalf of 表示「代表」。

75. The investigator promised that when he was ______, there would be no stone left unturned. (A) aside (C) out (B) against (D) on

答案：(D)

翻译：调查员承诺，只要他接手，就会彻底查清楚。

解析：on the case 表示「接手案件、处理此事」。

76. With so much ultraviolet in the sunshine, you shouldn’t be exposed ______ direct sunlight around noon. (A) from (C) to (B) against (D) without

答案：(C)

翻译：阳光中紫外线很强，你不应该在中午时分暴露在直射阳光下。

解析：be exposed to 表示「暴露于」。

77. New recruits to the company are expected to familiarize themselves with the environment ______ a one-week orientation period. (A) behind (B) beyond (C) among (D) over

答案：(D)

翻译：公司新员工应在一周入职培训期间熟悉环境。

解析：over a period 表示「在一段时间内」。

78. I (A) stay with two other roommates in an apartment near the university. (B) For the moment I cannot (C) afford to (D) live on my own.

答案：(A) live

翻译：我和另外两位室友住在大学附近的公寓。目前我还没办法负担独自生活。

解析：表示长期居住用 live，不用 stay。

79. I don’t want to send my kids to (A) boarding school. They are still young (B) and not ready (C) to be away of us (D) for an independent life.

答案：(C) away from

翻译：我不想送孩子去寄宿学校，他们还太小，没准备好离开我们独立生活。

解析：be away from 表示「离开……」。

80. Those who apply ______ resourcefulness and an inventive approach ______ their job (C) search may have a better chance of standing out in the minds of hiring managers.

答案：(B) with

翻译：求职时展现足智多谋与创新方法的人，更有可能在招聘经理心中脱颖而出。

解析：apply with 表示「以……方式申请/展现」。

81. The new real estate agent (A) tried to convince us that the townhouse has (C) a certain charm ______ fit.

答案：(D) in

翻译：新来的房产中介努力说服我们，这套联排别墅本身有种独特魅力。

解析：in fit 表示「本身、本质上」。

82. Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ______ to American audiences. (A) around (B) over (C) across (D) down

答案：(C)

翻译：迈克尔发现很难让美国观众理解他的英式笑话。

解析：get … across to 表示「让……理解」。

83. She refused to ______ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt. (A) hand in (B) hand out (C) hand down (D) hand over

答案：(D)

翻译：直到丈夫答应系安全带，她才肯把车钥匙交给他。

解析：hand over 表示「交出、移交」。

84. Grace ______ tears when she heard the sad news. (A) broke in (C) broke off (B) broke into (D) broke through

答案：(B)

翻译：格蕾丝听到噩耗后突然哭了出来。

解析：break into tears 表示「突然哭起来」。

85. Those two families have been quarrelling ______ each other for many years. (A) to (C) with (B) between (D) against

答案：(C)

翻译：这两个家族多年来一直互相争吵。

解析：quarrel with 表示「与……争吵」。

86. There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, but it is hard to think of anything that can be compared ______ tobacco products. (A) in (C) among (B) with (D) by

答案：(B)

翻译：许多东西滥用都很危险，但很难想到有什么能和烟草制品相比。

解析：be compared with 表示「与……相比」。

87. Ford, one of the biggest car manufacturers, went ______ the budget to offer further reductions on selected Fiestas and Escorts. (A) beyond (C) out of (B) after (D) within

答案：(A)

翻译：最大车厂之一的福特不惜超出预算，为特定车型提供更多降价优惠。

解析：go beyond 表示「超出、超越」。

88. ______, casualties among the women and children were light; most had been able to escape unharmed. (A) As a whole (C) On the whole (B) At the whole (D) Over the whole

答案：(C)

翻译：总的来说，妇女儿童伤亡轻微，大多数人都能安然逃脱。

解析：on the whole 表示「总的来说」。

89. The sight of his shaved head ______ the haircuts barbers in the military used to give. (A) is reminded of (C) remind of (B) is mindful of (D) is reminiscent of

答案：(D)

翻译：他的平头让人想起军队理发师以前理的发型。

解析：be reminiscent of 表示「使人想起、令人回忆」。

90. When Mrs. Robinson opened the door ______ knocking first, she blundered into a room of teenage boys looking at skin magazines.

答案：(A) without

翻译：罗宾森太太没敲门就开门，不小心撞见一群青少年在看色情杂志。

解析：without doing 表示「没有做……」。

91. Inside each of us is a mess of unruly primitive impulses, and ______ can sometimes, ______ the strenuous self-discipline and dedication of art, result in notable creativity. (A) without (B) within

答案：(D) through

翻译：我们内心都有难以驾驭的原始冲动，有时通过艺术的严格自律与投入，能转化为卓越的创造力。

解析：through 表示「通过、凭借」。

92. The hikers ______ stormy weather on the way to the top of the mountain. (A) ran into (C) ran up (B) ran off (D) ran around

答案：(A)

翻译：登山者在攻顶途中遭遇暴风雨。

解析：run into 表示「遭遇、碰上」。

93. She wears cotton blouses ______ 42% of the engagements she attends. (A) at (C) up (B) to (D) with

答案：(B)

翻译：她出席42%的场合都穿棉质衬衫。

解析：to … of the engagements 表示「在……比例的场合」。

94. She carried on, ______ what the press were questioning at the conference. (A) as a result of (C) in addition to (B) apart from (D) regardless of

答案：(D)

翻译：她不顾媒体在发布会上的质疑，继续说下去。

解析：regardless of 表示「不管、不顾」。

95. ______ World War II, (B) almost a third of a million people (D) were killed.

答案：(A) During

翻译：二战期间，近30万人丧生。

解析：during 表示「在……期间」。

96. After divorcing his wife, he decided to leave his hometown ______ good. (A) by (C) as (B) without (D) for

答案：(D)

翻译：与妻子离婚后，他决定永远离开家乡。

解析：for good 表示「永远、永久」。

97. The judge passed sentence ______ the stockbroker, who was found guilty of insider trading and stock manipulation. (A) to (C) for (B) on (D) from

答案：(B)

翻译：法官对这名因内幕交易与股价操纵被判有罪的股票经纪人宣判。

解析：pass sentence on 表示「对……宣判」。

98. Grammar-based language teaching was ______ in the 1960s and 70s, but it’s starting to come back into fashion now. (A) out of favor (C) off favor (B) out of flavor (D) off flavor

答案：(A)

翻译：语法教学法在六七十年代不再流行，现在又开始重新流行。

解析：out of favor 表示「不再流行、失宠」。

99. University deans, meeting in Taipei this week, said that college students should be put ______ the right career track as early as possible. (A) with (C) on (B) for (D) up

答案：(C)

翻译：本周在台北开会的大学校长表示，应尽早让大学生走上正确的职业道路。

解析：put … on the track 表示「让……走上轨道」。

100. (A) The English in the eighteenth century (B) thought of their society (C) as was made up of distinct ranks, with (D) the aristocracy at the top, and laborers and (E) the poor at the bottom.

答案：(C) as made up of

翻译：18世纪的英国人认为社会由不同阶层组成，贵族在顶层，劳工与穷人在底层。

解析：think of … as 后面接分词短语，不用动词。

101. Tom is diagnosed ______ skin cancer. (A) with (C) in (B) to (D) by

答案：(A)

翻译：汤姆被诊断出患有皮肤癌。

解析：be diagnosed with 表示「被诊断患有……」。

102. These researchers started to isolate variables of interest by matching participants in each of the groups on all relevant variables except for the one ______. (A) at will (D) at ease (B) in question (E) on balance (C) at length

答案：(B)

翻译：这些研究者开始分离感兴趣的变量，方法是让各组受试者在所有相关变量上都保持一致，唯独排除正在讨论的这个变量。

解析：in question 表示“正在讨论中的、被提及的”。

103. The meeting was scheduled ______ two hours, but it didn’t turn out that way. (A) for (B) with (C) at (D) in

答案：(A)

翻译：会议原定安排两小时，但结果并非如此。

解析：be scheduled for + 时间段，表示“安排持续多久”。

104. The government has promised to look ______ the matter thoroughly. (A) at (B) for (C) into (D) up

答案：(C)

翻译：政府承诺会彻底调查这件事。

解析：look into 表示“调查、研究”。

105. The police are looking ______ the disappearance of two children. (A) up (B) out (C) into (D) on

答案：(C)

翻译：警方正在调查两名儿童失踪案。

解析：look into 表示“调查”。

106. The police are looking ______ the case. (A) into (B) for (C) up (D) after

答案：(A)

翻译：警方正在调查这个案件。

解析：look into the case 固定搭配：调查案件。

107. The workers continued to carry ______ their task despite the rain. (A) out (B) on (C) forward (D) through

答案：(A)

翻译：尽管下雨，工人们仍继续执行任务。

解析：carry out 表示“执行、落实”。

108. The committee has agreed ______ our request. (A) on (B) to (C) for (D) at

答案：(B)

翻译：委员会已经同意了我们的请求。

解析：agree to + 要求/请求/计划。

Chapter 8 分词

重要观念

1. 分词可以当做形容词使用。

2. 现在分词（Ving）表主动与进行；过去分词（Ven）表被动与完成。

1. They got their van ______ at the garage before they went on the long journey. (A) qualify (B) to qualify (C) checked up (D) to check up

答案：(C)

翻译：他们在长途旅行前，把货车送到修车厂检修完毕。

解析：get + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示“让某物被……”，此处表被动“被检修”。

2. Tina’s honesty made her ______ by all her classmates. (A) is respected (B) respect (C) respected (D) to respect

答案：(C)

翻译：蒂娜的诚实让她受到所有同学的尊敬。

解析：make + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示“让某人被……”，此处表被动“被尊敬”。

3. Mary recommended Robert for the job, but he doesn’t seem ______. (A) qualification (B) qualified (C) qualifying (D) qualifies

答案：(B)

翻译：玛丽推荐罗伯特担任这份工作，但他似乎不够资格。

解析：seem 后接形容词，qualified 为分词形容词，表示“有资格的、胜任的”。

4. With an MA degree in accounting and two years of experience, she is highly ______ for the job. (A) qualification (B) qualified (C) qualifying (D) qualifies

答案：(B)

翻译：拥有会计硕士学位和两年经验，她非常胜任这份工作。

解析：be qualified for 固定搭配，表示“胜任……”。

5. On this you can ______: I will always love you till death do us part. (A) rest assured (B) rest assure (C) rest assume (D) rest apart

答案：(A)

翻译：这一点你尽管放心：我会永远爱你，至死不渝。

解析：rest assured 固定短语，表示“尽管放心”，assured 为分词形容词。

6. When the ______ lady walked into the ceremony, everyone stared at her in amazement. (A) beautiful dress (B) beautiful-dressed (C) beautifully-dress (D) beautifully-dressed

答案：(D)

翻译：当那位衣着优雅的女士走进会场时，所有人都惊讶地注视着她。

解析：复合形容词：副词 + 过去分词，beautifully-dressed 表示“衣着优雅的”。

7. He is an ______ writer whose work has been featured in many publications. (A) internationally celebrating (B) international celebrating (C) internationally celebrated (D) international celebrative

答案：(C)

翻译：他是一位国际知名作家，作品刊登在许多刊物上。

解析：复合形容词：internationally celebrated 表示“国际知名的”。

8. Hawkers beckon visitors to buy Kinmen’s famous ______ peanut brittle and mangoes. (A) dry (B) drying (C) dried (D) to-be-dried

答案：(C)

翻译：小贩招呼游客购买金门著名的干燥花生糖与芒果干。

解析：dried 表示“干燥处理过的”，为分词形容词。

9. The cost of vegetables declined further in the retail market on Sunday, mainly due to increased supply, particularly of onions and potatoes, to the wholesale market in the last week.

答案：(C) increased

翻译：上周日零售市场蔬菜价格进一步下跌，主因是供应量增加，尤其是洋葱与土豆。

解析：increased supply 表示“增加的供应量”，用过去分词表“已增加的”。

10. In this old house, there is a staircase ______ elevator which is whirring noisily and ______. (A) cramped / wound (B) cramped / winding (C) cramping / wound (D) cramping / winding

答案：(B)

翻译：这栋老房子里有一部狭窄又嘈杂的升降梯，嗡嗡作响且蜿蜒曲折。

解析：cramped 狭窄的；winding 蜿蜒的，均为分词形容词。

11. Albert Einstein, a ______ physicist, died in 1955. (A) renowned (B) celebrating (C) infamous (D) the one and only

答案：(A)

翻译：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，一位著名物理学家，于1955年去世。

解析：renowned 表示“著名的、享誉盛名的”。

12. The global supply chain of furniture can also contribute ______. (A) manufactured / for (B) manufacturing / for (C) manufacturing / to (D) manufactured / to

答案：(C)

翻译：全球家具供应链也会造成影响。

解析：contribute to 固定搭配，表示“对……造成影响”。

13. In dealing with each other, the Native American tribes of the Great Plains used an intricate sign language that consisted of a series of mutually understood gestures.

答案：(D) understood

翻译：大平原印第安部落彼此交往时，使用一套复杂手语，由一系列相互理解的手势构成。

解析：mutually understood 表示“被相互理解的”，用过去分词表被动。

14. “If not us, who is going to take care of the ______ Christians in Iraq, being one of the longest Christian communities ever in existence?” Jeb Bush said. (A) persecuting (B) persecuted (C) being persecuted (D) having persecuted

答案：(B)

翻译：杰布·布什说：“如果不是我们，谁来照顾伊拉克受迫害的基督徒？他们是史上最古老的基督徒群体之一。”

解析：persecuted 表示“受迫害的”，过去分词表被动。

15. A visitor to a factory sees only noisy chaos, whereas the superintendent sees a ______ flow of work. (A) perfectly synchronized (B) perfectly synchronizing (C) perfect synchronization (D) perfect synchronizing

答案：(A)

翻译：工厂访客只看到嘈杂混乱，主管却看见完美同步的作业流程。

解析：perfectly synchronized 表示“完美同步的”，副词+过去分词作形容词。

16. Barry looked ______ when he was told he had passed the test. (A) excited (B) exciting (C) to be exciting (D) excite

答案：(A)

翻译：当巴里被告知通过考试时，他看起来很兴奋。

解析：excited 修饰人，表示“感到兴奋的”；exciting 修饰物，表示“令人兴奋的”。

17. He watches ______ to see how his son is to emerge from the mess. (A) interestingly (B) amusing (C) amuse (D) interestedly

答案：(D)

翻译：他饶有兴致地看着，想知道儿子如何从困境中脱身。

解析：interestedly 副词，表示“饶有兴致地”，修饰动词 watches。

18. I ______ that this is absolutely the best bargain, ______ you travel with a partner and stay for at least three days. (A) am convincing / provided (B) am convinced / provided (C) am convincing / providing (D) am convinced / providing

答案：(B)

翻译：我确信这绝对是最划算的方案，前提是你结伴旅行且至少住三天。

解析：be convinced that 确信；provided (that) 假如、前提是。

19. When I saw my roommate with my girlfriend, I felt worried, angry, and ______. (A) embarrass (B) embarrassed (C) embarrassing (D) embarrassment

答案：(B)

翻译：当我看到室友和我女友在一起时，我感到焦虑、愤怒又尴尬。

解析：embarrassed 修饰人，表示“感到尴尬的”。

20. Dogs that are ______ and friendly can help their owners cope ______ stress. (A) relaxing / under (B) relaxing / with (C) relaxed / with (D) relaxed / under

答案：(C)

翻译：放松又友善的狗狗能帮助主人应对压力。

解析：relaxed 表示“放松的”；cope with stress 应对压力。

21. Having nothing meaningful to do, she feels very ______. (A) boring (B) bored (C) bore (D) to bore

答案：(B)

翻译：没有任何有意义的事可做，她感到非常无聊。

解析：bored 修饰人，表示“感到无聊的”。

22. John said that even though his job is boring, he is never ______. (A) depressed (B) depression (C) depressive (D) depress

答案：(A)

翻译：约翰说，尽管工作很无聊，他从不感到沮丧。

解析：depressed 修饰人，表示“感到沮丧的”。

23. Christmas is around the corner! Let’s have a Christmas tree ______. (A) decorate (B) decorating (C) decorated (D) to decorate

答案：(C)

翻译：圣诞节快到了！我们来把圣诞树装饰一下吧。

解析：have + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示“让某物被……”。

24. When we kept getting strange calls, I called the phone company and had my number ______. (A) change (B) changed (C) to change (D) changing

答案：(B)

翻译：我们不断接到奇怪电话，我打电话给电信公司把号码换掉了。

解析：have my number changed 表示“把号码换掉”，表被动。

25. Jill felt scared because she had to go to the dentist and have one tooth ______. (A) to pull (B) to be pulled (C) pulled (D) pulling

答案：(C)

翻译：吉尔很害怕，因为她得去牙医那里拔一颗牙。

解析：have a tooth pulled 表示“拔牙”，牙齿是“被拔”。

26. Mrs. Crane had her house ______ last week. (A) been overhauled (B) to overhaul (C) be overhauled (D) overhauled

答案：(D)

翻译：克兰夫人上周让人把房子翻修了。

解析：have + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示“让某事被做”。

27. It was King Louis XIV who had the magnificent Palace of Versailles ____; however, the cost was so great that the people of France were angered.

答案：(A) built

翻译：正是路易十四下令建造了宏伟的凡尔赛宫；然而代价太高，引发民怨。

解析：have sth. built 表示“让人建造某物”。

28. David told his amah ______. (A) to have his shoes shining (B) to have his shoes shone (C) to have his shoes shined (D) shining his shoes

答案：(C)

翻译：大卫叫女佣把他的鞋子擦亮。

解析：have one’s shoes shined 表示“把鞋子擦亮”。

29. I tried very hard, but I couldn’t make myself ______. (A) understanding (B) to understand (C) understand (D) understood

答案：(D)

翻译：我非常努力，却无法让别人理解我。

解析：make oneself understood 表示“让自己被理解”。

30. A dating website for married people who wish to cheat ______ spouse had the data of its customers ______ on the internet. (A) to / stealing (B) on / stolen (C) by / stolen (D) for / stealing

答案：(B)

翻译：一个为已婚人士提供外遇约会的网站，客户资料遭泄露上网。

解析：cheat on spouse 出轨；have data stolen 资料被盗。

31. But on this particular day I found myself ______ about writing but instead pouring out my feelings about the loss of my father.

答案：(B) talking

翻译：但就在这天，我发现自己并非在谈写作，而是在倾诉丧父之痛。

解析：find oneself doing 表示“发现自己正在做某事”。

32. When you pass through the underpass, sometimes you will see a man in rags ______ for a living. (A) to beg (B) begged (C) begging (D) are begging

答案：(C)

翻译：穿过地下道时，你有时会看到衣衫褴褛的男子以乞讨为生。

解析：see sb. doing 表示“看见某人正在做某事”。

33. The teacher caught Kevin ______ his cell phone out during class and took it away. (A) took (B) taken (C) taking (D) to take

答案：(C)

翻译：老师抓到凯文上课玩手机，当场没收。

解析：catch sb. doing 表示“抓到某人正在做某事”。

34. The first time a customer asked for “just a rusty nail,” I, a waiter, gave an obligatory laugh, thinking he ______ cute.

答案：(D) was being

翻译：第一次有客人说“只要一根生锈的钉子”，我身为服务员只好干笑，以为他在卖萌。

解析：was being cute 表示“当时在卖萌”，强调当时状态。

35. In ______ societies, especially in Europe and Japan, youth unemployment makes the burden of funding health care and pensions for retirees even heavier, ______ number of taxpaying workers is curtailed.

答案：(A) sick / the

翻译：在问题丛生的社会，尤其欧洲与日本，青年失业让退休人员的医保与养老金负担更重，纳税劳工人数减少。

解析：sick societies 问题社会；the number of …的数量。

36. ______ water is too hot to drink. You should wait for at least a few minutes. (A) Boil (B) Boiled (C) Boiling (D) Being boiled

答案：(C)

翻译：沸水太烫不能喝，你得等几分钟。

解析：boiling water 沸水；boiled water 白开水。

37. What is this flower called? It is ______. (A) sweet-smelling (B) sweet-smelled (C) sweet-smelt (D) sweetly-smelled

答案：(A)

翻译：这花叫什么？它很香。

解析：sweet-smelling 复合形容词，表示“芳香的”。

38. Although the accommodations are modern, the Cuba experience also offers a step back in time, to a land of ______ 1950s cars and peeling Spanish mansions. (A) slow-moving (B) slow-moved

答案：(A)

翻译：尽管住宿现代化，古巴之旅仍让人仿佛回到过去，一片行驶缓慢的1950年代车与斑驳西班牙式老宅的土地。

解析：slow-moving 表示“行驶缓慢的”。

39. In 1995, archeologist Johan Reinhard found the mummy of a young girl on a ______ peak in the Andes mountains in Peru. (A) freezing (B) frozen (C) freeze (D) to freeze

答案：(A)

翻译：1995年，考古学家约翰·莱因哈特在秘鲁安第斯山脉的冰冻山峰上发现一具少女木乃伊。

解析：freezing 表示“极冷的、冰冻的”。

40. In crowded India, strains of tuberculosis that are ______ to all known TB drugs have emerged. (A) resistant (B) resist (C) resistance (D) resisted

答案：(A)

翻译：在拥挤的印度，出现了对所有已知结核药都有抗药性的菌株。

解析：be resistant to 固定搭配，表示“对……有抗药性”。

41. Because we often have illusions that we can see ourselves in the biographies of famous people, screen biographies tend to be dramatically ______. (A) satisfy (B) satisfied (C) satisfying (D) to satisfy

答案：(C)

翻译：因为我们常幻想在名人传记里看到自己，所以传记电影往往格外令人满意。

解析：satisfying 修饰事物，表示“令人满意的”。

42. The reason we find celebrities becoming a peeping Tom is chiefly due to our craving for ______. (A) fascination (B) fascinate (C) fascinating (D) fascinated

答案：(A)

翻译：我们会发现名人变成偷窥狂，主要源于我们对猎奇的渴望。

解析：craving for fascination 表示“对猎奇的渴望”。

43. This restaurant is very famous because its employees are very friendly and willing to help customers, ______ a comfortable atmosphere. (A) having welcomed (B) to welcome (C) welcoming (D) welcome

答案：(C)

翻译：这家餐厅很有名，因为员工友善乐于助人，营造出舒适氛围。

解析：welcoming 形容词，表示“亲切友好的、热情的”。

Chapter 9 动词时态

重要观念

1. 简单式：动作发生在一段明确时间内，在时间轴上可用括弧表示。

例：I have a headache.（我头痛。）

2. 完成式：动作在截止时间之前已经完成，在时间轴上可用箭头表示到截止时间。

例：You can’t enter now because the concert has already begun.（你现在不能进入，因为演唱会已经开始了。）

1. John was fired because he ______ with customers. (A) had argued (B) has argued (C) argues (D) was arguing

答案：(A)

翻译：约翰因为和顾客争吵而被解雇了。

解析：被解雇是过去，争吵发生在“过去的过去”，用过去完成式 had argued。

2. John ______ the requirements and was told to report to work the next day. (A) will meet (B) meet (C) met (D) will have met

答案：(C)

翻译：约翰符合了要求，并且被告知第二天去报到上班。

解析：and 后为过去式 was told，前后时态一致用 met。

3. “My father will be here tomorrow.” “Oh, I thought that he ______ today.” (A) was coming (B) is coming (C) will come (D) comes

答案：(A)

翻译：“我爸爸明天会到这里。”“喔，我还以为他今天要来。”

解析：thought 是过去，后面用过去进行时表过去将来 was coming。

4. Because he (A) is absent when his rivals voted (B) against his proposal, David now (C) is worried (D) about missing future meetings.

答案：(A) was

翻译：因为对手投票反对他的提案时他不在场，大卫现在担心错过未来的会议。

解析：when 从句 voted 是过去，主句用 was absent。

5. Someone’s cell phone rang while the manager ______ the weekly sales report with the staff. (A) discussed (B) discusses (C) is discussing (D) was discussing

答案：(D)

翻译：经理正在和员工讨论每周销售报告时，有人手机响了。

解析：while 引导过去进行时，rang 是过去瞬间动作。

6. The house was very quiet when I got home last night. Everybody ______ to bed. (A) will be gone (B) has been gone (C) was gone (D) had gone

答案：(D)

翻译：我昨晚回到家时房子很安静，大家都已经上床睡觉了。

解析：got home 是过去，之前睡觉用过去完成式 had gone。

7. Mrs. Pennycook will be unable to show up tonight because ______. (A) of she will be on a plane (B) she will be on a plane (C) she was on a plane (D) she had been on a plane

答案：(B)

翻译：彭尼库克太太今晚无法出席，因为她将在飞往巴黎的飞机上。

解析：tonight 表将来，用 will be。

8. While the children ______ noisily, the teacher suddenly came in. (A) are talking (B) have talking (C) was talking (D) were talking

答案：(D)

翻译：孩子们正在吵闹时，老师突然进来了。

解析：while + 过去进行时，children 复数用 were talking。

9. I didn’t know what living in the dorm ______ be like. (A) to (B) will (C) would (D) shall

答案：(C)

翻译：我以前一直住家里，所以不知道住宿舍会是什么样子。

解析：didn’t know 是过去，后面用过去将来 would。

10. When I asked the driver to drive faster, he said ______. (A) he will drive faster (B) I will drive faster (C) he would drive faster (D) I would drive faster

答案：(C)

翻译：我叫司机开快一点，他说如果我多付钱他就开快一点。

解析：asked 是过去，间接引语时态后退，will→would。

11. After a horrible start ______ a comedy tour, I began to think my whole life ______ a tragic mistake ______ a humorist.

答案：(C) to / had been / as

翻译：喜剧巡演开局惨败，我开始觉得自己当谐星根本是场悲剧。

解析：began 是过去，更早用过去完成式 had been。

12. I ______ by when I noticed a stranger near your car. (A) am driving (B) was driven (C) was driving (D) had been driven

答案：(C)

翻译：我开车经过时，注意到你车旁有个可疑的陌生人。

解析：noticed 是过去，当时正在开车用 was driving。

13. The boys and girls ______ into the house when it began to rain. (A) had been run (B) wasn’t running (C) are running (D) were running

答案：(D)

翻译：孩子们正跑进屋时，天开始下雨了。

解析：when 从句过去式，主句过去进行时。

14. As it (A) got closer to New Year, employees wondered if the CEO (C) was go to hand out bonus.

答案：(C) was going to

翻译：新年越来越近，员工们好奇CEO会不会发年终奖金。

解析：过去将来用 was going to。

15. The technician said she ______ find out what went wrong before she knew how to fix it.

答案：must first

翻译：技术员说她必须先查出问题，才知道怎么修理。

解析：said 为过去，从句时态一致。

16. ______ he looked at the samples, he discovered that they ______ fossil imprints ______ gave silica a place to cling.

答案：When / were / that

翻译：当他用显微镜观察样本时，发现它们是细菌化石痕迹。

解析：discovered 是过去，从句用过去式。

17. Because his job (B) has been stressful, he applied for early retirement and got ______ he wanted.

答案：what

翻译：因为工作压力大，他申请提前退休并得到他想要的。

解析：got 后接 what 引导名词从句。

18. When the accident ______, he was at a meeting in Moscow. (A) happening (B) has happened (C) happened (D) was happened

答案：(C)

翻译：事故发生时，他正在莫斯科开会。

解析：过去发生用简单过去式 happened。

19. An unknown scientist ______ a way to harvest energy from waves. (A) has discovered (B) is going to discover (C) has been discovering (D) has just discovered

答案：(D)

翻译：一位澳洲科学家刚发现从海浪获取能量的方法。

解析：just 表刚刚完成，用现在完成式。

20. You ______ to me. It’s impossible to have a real conversation. (A) not listened (B) shall not listen (C) are not listening (D) will not be listening

答案：(C)

翻译：你根本没在听我说话，没法好好聊天。

解析：此刻正在进行用现在进行时。

21. When a young boy, Bizet (B) know to play piano well, and as he (D) ______ older, he wrote operas.

答案：(B) knew / (D) got

翻译：比才小时候就很会弹钢琴，长大后写了歌剧。

解析：过去时间用过去式。

22. Every Saturday, the couple take a stroll near the old tree where they first (E) fall in love.

答案：(E) fell

翻译：每周六，这对夫妇都会在他们初坠爱河的老树下散步。

解析：过去相爱用 fell in love。

23. When he saw the accident, he called his mother and ______ her not to wait.

答案：told

翻译：他看到车祸后，立刻打电话叫妈妈别等他吃晚餐。

解析：called 是过去，并列用 told。

24. The secretary opened the mail which ______ that morning. (A) had delivered (B) delivered (C) had been delivered (D) is delivered

答案：(C)

翻译：秘书拆开了当天早上送达的邮件。

解析：邮件“被送达”，用过去完成被动。

25. The manager ______ sixty employees. (A) just fired (B) has been firing (C) will have fired (D) has just been fired

答案：(A)

翻译：经理刚解雇了六十名员工。

解析：just 表刚刚，用过去式 fired。

26. He said that the French Revolution ______ in 1789. (A) breaks out (B) broke out (C) break out (D) had broken out

答案：(B)

翻译：他说法国大革命在1789年爆发。

解析：历史事实用简单过去式。

27. Helen called to say she ______ her uncle in Paris next week. (A) visited (B) have visited (C) will visit (D) had visited

答案：(C)

翻译：海伦打电话说她下周要去巴黎探望叔叔。

解析：next week 用将来时 will visit。

28. I myself taught calculus when I (D) had started my career in the 1970s.

答案：(D) started

翻译：70年代我刚当讲师时，就教过大学生微积分。

解析：过去时间用简单过去式。

29. The bubble (A) has lasted from mid-1990s to 2001.

答案：(A) lasted

翻译：网络泡沫从90年代中期持续到2001年。

解析：过去时间段用简单过去式。

30. After years of blogging, she (C) launch a digital newspaper.

答案：(C) launched

翻译：多年笔耕后，她推出了一份数字报纸。

解析：过去动作用 launched。

31. Harvard University ______ in 1636. (A) was being founded (B) was founded (C) has been founded (D) had been founded

答案：(B)

翻译：哈佛大学成立于1636年。

解析：过去被成立用 was founded。

32. Woodstock ______ the dream of a harmonious community in 1969. (A) embodies (B) was embodied (C) embodied (D) has been embodied

答案：(C)

翻译：1969年的伍德斯托克音乐节体现了和谐社群的梦想。

解析：过去时间用 embodied。

33. I ______ my uncle in New York next Saturday. (A) have visited (B) will have been visiting (C) am visiting (D) will be visited

答案：(C)

翻译：我下周六要去纽约探望叔叔。

解析：计划好的将来用现在进行时表将来。

34. I’ll go to the library if I ______ the time. (A) have (B) had (C) am having (D) will have

答案：(A)

翻译：如果有时间，我今天晚点会去图书馆。

解析：if 从句用现在时代替将来。

35. By the time the hurricane ______ the coast, people will have left. (A) hit (B) has hit (C) will hit (D) hits

答案：(D)

翻译：等飓风抵达海岸时，人们应该都已撤离。

解析：by the time 从句用现在时表将来。

36. If I ______ have to work tomorrow, I will drive you to the airport. (A) didn’t (B) don’t (C) wouldn’t (D) won’t

答案：(B)

翻译：如果我明天不用上班，就载你去机场。

解析：if 从句用现在时。

37. Michael will report as soon as he ______ the data. (A) will check (B) checked (C) had checked (D) has checked

答案：(D)

翻译：迈克尔一核对完数据就会交给老板。

解析：as soon as 从句用现在完成时表将来完成。

38. When you have ______ the form, leave it at Window Five. (A) completed (B) completing (C) completion (D) completely

答案：(A)

翻译：填完表格后，请放在五号窗口。

解析：have + 过去分词 completed。

39. When her cousin ______ next month, I will have had my exam. (A) would come (B) will come (C) comes (D) come

答案：(C)

翻译：等她表妹下个月来，我应该已经考完期中了。

解析：when 从句用现在时 comes。

40. The world must act fast if we ______ in stopping climate change. (A) succeed (B) will succeed (C) are to succeed (D) should succeed

答案：(C)

翻译：如果想要成功阻止气候变迁，全世界必须尽快行动。

解析：be to do 表计划、意图。

41. Boeing ______ over 1,000 aircraft this year. (A) will sell (B) will have sold (C) have sold (D) sales

答案：(B)

翻译：波音今年将售出超过1000架飞机。

解析：将来完成时 will have sold。

42. He ______ here 27 years by the end of this year. (A) has worked (B) has been working (C) would be working (D) will have been working

答案：(D)

翻译：到今年年底，他就在这里工作满27年了。

解析：by the end of 用将来完成进行时。

43. He said that he ______ since two o’clock. (A) has been writing (B) had been writing (C) was writing (D) wrote

答案：(B)

翻译：他说他从两点钟就一直在写。

解析：said 是过去，从更早持续用过去完成进行时。

44. F=MA ______ a basic law since 1687. (A) is (B) has been (C) being (D) having been

答案：(B)

翻译：从1687年至今，F=MA一直是物理学基本定律。

解析：since 用现在完成时。

45. By the end of the 1960s, Taiwan’s population ______ 14 million. (A) grow (B) had grown (C) has grown (D) will grow

答案：(B)

翻译：到1960年代末，台湾人口已突破1400万。

解析：by the end of + 过去时间，用过去完成式。

46. The twins ______ many changes since they were born. (A) experienced (B) has experienced (C) experiencing (D) have experienced

答案：(D)

翻译：这对双胞胎出生后经历了许多变化。

解析：since 用现在完成时，复数用 have。

47. Why ______ in town the last couple of days? (A) weren’t you (B) haven’t you been (C) aren’t you (D) hadn’t you been

答案：(B)

翻译：这几天你怎么都不在城里？

解析：the last couple of days 用现在完成时。

48. The dropout ______ for two months. (A) has been left home (B) has been away (C) left home (D) being leave

答案：(B)

翻译：这名辍学生已经离家两个月了。

解析：for two months 用持续性现在完成时。

49. Leo ______ many historical figures and looks forward to more. (A) met (B) has met (C) meets (D) was meeting

答案：(B)

翻译：利奥已经见过许多历史人物，并期待见到更多。

解析：经验累积用现在完成时。

50. Lead ______ as a sculpture material since ancient Greece. (A) has been used (B) being used (C) has used (D) used

答案：(A)

翻译：铅自古希腊以来就被用作雕塑材料。

解析：since + 被动，用 has been used。

51. After Hanna ______ for 20 minutes, she felt tired. (A) jogging (B) had been jogging (C) has been jogging (D) has jogged

答案：(B)

翻译：汉娜慢跑了20分钟后开始觉得累。

解析：felt 是过去，之前持续用过去完成进行时。

52. Grace came at six, but we ______ since four. (A) are waiting (B) had been waiting (C) have waited (D) have been waiting

答案：(B)

翻译：格蕾丝六点才到，但我们从四点就一直在等。

解析：came 是过去，之前持续用过去完成进行时。

53. The storm ______ for a long time before it hit. (A) has been gathering (B) has gathered (C) was gathered (D) was gathering

答案：(A)

翻译：这场风暴酝酿已久才爆发。

解析：持续到现在用现在完成进行时。

54. He ______ strangely ever since Rose hired the girl. (A) is behaving (B) behaves (C) has been behaving (D) behaved

答案：(C)

翻译：自从萝丝雇了那个女孩后，他行为就一直怪怪的。

解析：ever since 用现在完成进行时。

55. We haven’t spent time together ______ last summer! (A) for (B) since (C) in (D) when

答案：(B)

翻译：从去年夏天之后，我们就没好好聚过了！

解析：since + 时间点。

56. Professor Thompson ______ three books since 2011. (A) has writing (B) has been written (C) wrote (D) has written

答案：(D)

翻译：汤普森教授2011年以来已经写了三本书。

解析：since 用现在完成时。

57. Before the guests arrived, Jack ______ most peanuts. (A) is eating (B) has eaten (C) had already eaten (D) will eat

答案：(C)

翻译：客人来之前，杰克已经把大部分花生吃光了。

解析：before + 过去式，主句用过去完成式。

58. The manager ______ all members by tomorrow night. (A) contacts (B) will contact (C) will have contacted (D) will be contacting

答案：(C)

翻译：经理明晚之前会联系完所有成员。

解析：by tomorrow night 用将来完成时。

59. I ______ married, but I ______ the right person yet.

答案：want to get / haven’t met

翻译：我想要结婚，但还没遇到对的人。

解析：yet 用现在完成时否定。

60. The White House ______ the residence of every president since Adams. (A) was (B) has been (C) had been (D) is

答案：(B)

翻译：白宫自亚当斯以来就是每位美国总统的官邸。

解析：since 用现在完成时。

61. The story ______ many times before Shakespeare wrote it. (A) often told (B) was told (C) had often been told (D) were told

答案：(C)

翻译：在莎士比亚动笔前，李尔王的故事已经流传已久。

解析：before + 过去式，主句用过去完成被动。

62. By this time next year, these birds ______ south. (A) are about to migrate (B) will have migrated (C) have migrated (D) will migrate

答案：(B)

翻译：明年此时，这些鸟应该已经迁徙到南方了。

解析：by this time next year 用将来完成时。

63. I ______ in Taipei for five years by the end of this month. (A) am living (B) have lived (C) will live (D) will have lived

答案：(D)

翻译：到这个月底，我就在台北住满五年了。

解析：by the end of 用将来完成时。

64. A massive wall ______ for years before it receded in 2010. (A) has existed (B) had existed (C) existed (D) has been existing

答案：(B)

翻译：那座巨大冰墙存在多年，直到2010年才消退。

解析：2010是过去，之前用过去完成式。

65. I ______ on my rehearsal for the past four hours. (A) am concentrating (B) was concentrating (C) would concentrate (D) have been concentrating

答案：(D)

翻译：过去四小时我一直在专心排练。

解析：for the past four hours 用现在完成进行时。

66. You ______ for three hours. Please take a rest. (A) drive (B) have been driven (C) have been driving (D) had driven

答案：(C)

翻译：你已经连续开了三小时车，该休息了。

解析：持续到现在用现在完成进行时。

67. The old tenants ______ the property before we arrived. (A) had vacated (B) have vacated (C) had been vacating (D) vacated

答案：(A)

翻译：我们到达前，旧房客已经清空房子了。

解析：before + 过去式，主句用过去完成式。

68. I ______ the Taroko Gorge in Hualien. (A) have once visited (B) have ever visited (C) have been visited (D) have being visited

答案：(A)

翻译：我曾经去过花莲太鲁阁。

解析：曾经做过用 have once visited。

69. I ______ here for five years.

答案：have lived

翻译：我在这里住五年了。

解析：for five years 用现在完成时。

70. The soup ______ for twenty minutes. Please turn off the stove. (A) has been boiling (B) was boiling (C) is boiling (D) boiled

答案：(A)

翻译：汤已经滚了20分钟，快关火。

解析：持续到现在用现在完成进行时。

71. George always ______ his temper when he meets his parents-in-law. (A) lose (B) loses (C) looses (D) lost

答案：(B)

翻译：乔治每次见岳父母都会发脾气。

解析：always 习惯用一般现在时第三人称单数。

72. I ______ once a month at Lily’s salon. (A) cut my hair (B) have my hair cut (C) have been cutting (D) should cut

答案：(B)

翻译：我每个月在莉莉理发店剪一次头发。

解析：请人剪发用 have my hair cut。

73. Breakfast is important, so I always ______ breakfast.

答案：eat

翻译：早餐很重要，所以我一定会吃。

解析：习惯用一般现在时。

74. Most people know that the human body ______ reliably.

答案：functions

翻译：大多数人都知道人体运作非常稳定可靠。

解析：事实用一般现在时。

75. Samuel Pepys’ Diary ______ eyewitness accounts of the Great Fire. (A) was contained (B) has been containing (C) contains (D) is containing

答案：(C)

翻译：皮普斯日记记载了伦敦大火的第一手见闻。

解析：书本内容用一般现在时。

76. London has been important for centuries, and it ______ important. (A) is still being (B) has still been (C) is still (D) remains

答案：(D)

翻译：伦敦数百年来一直重要，至今依然重要。

解析：remain 表持续状态。

77. Whoever stole the artifacts ______ a mystery till today. (A) remain (B) is remaining (C) remained (D) remains

答案：(D)

翻译：偷走文物的人至今仍是个谜。

解析：till today 用一般现在时。

78. Every time Jenny ______ money, she asks her father. (A) needed (B) is needing (C) needs (D) will need

答案：(C)

翻译：珍妮每次需要钱都会找爸爸要。

解析：every time 习惯用一般现在时。

79. After three days’ work, they finally ______ the foundation. (A) lay (B) lain (C) lied (D) laid

答案：(D)

翻译：三天日夜赶工后，他们终于打好新房地基。

解析：放置、铺设用 lay 的过去式 laid。

Chapter 10 被动语态

重要观念

被动语态最常见的表现方式是：be + Ven（过去分词）。

1. 及物动词后面没有宾语，通常要用被动语态。

2. 不及物动词不可用被动语态。

3. 句中出现 by + 执行者，必须使用被动语态。

1. The students who (A) were touring the museum were (B) amazed to learn about the city’s (C) fascinating history and about celebrities who ______ there.

答案：(D) were born

翻译：参观博物馆的学生们很惊讶地了解到这座城市迷人的历史，以及一些出生于此的名人。

解析：who 引导定语从句必须有动词，born 是过去分词，必须加 were 构成被动 were born（被生下）。

2. In town last week to chair the workshop, Flint was kind enough (A) to take time off her (B) already-brimming schedule to chat with us (C) and proved every bit the creative, driven and down-to-earth person (E) ______ she reported to be.

答案：(E) was reported to be

翻译：弗林特上周来城里主持研讨会，从繁忙行程中抽空和我们聊天，证明她正如报道的那样有创意、有干劲又踏实。

解析：她是“被报道”，必须用被动 was reported to be。

3. The typical elephant herd ______ adult females and the young of both sexes. (A) that is made up (B) is made up of (C) is made of (D) which makes up

答案：(B)

翻译：典型的象群由成年母象和雌雄幼象组成。

解析：be made up of 表示“由……组成”；be made of 表示“由……材料制成”。

4. China’s anticorruption campaign has had some prominent victims recently. Liu Xiao Ching, one of China’s most popular actresses in the 1980s, ______ for evading taxes. (A) has arrested (B) is arresting (C) is arrested (D) was arrested

答案：(D)

翻译：中国反腐行动最近波及名人，80年代最受欢迎的女演员之一刘晓庆因逃税被捕。

解析：她是“被逮捕”，事件发生在过去，用被动 was arrested。

5. The shirts ______ from a special fabric that doesn’t leave any wrinkles. (A) made (B) made of (C) are made (D) have made

答案：(C)

翻译：这些衬衫是用特殊布料制成的，洗后不会起皱。

解析：衬衫是“被制作”，用被动 are made。

6. The government ______ that the tasks ______ with great success. (A) is confirming / maintained (B) confirms / have been maintained (C) was confirmed / have maintained (D) confirmed / are maintaining

答案：(B)

翻译：政府证实这些任务一直被非常成功地执行着。

解析：第一空主动 confirms；第二空任务是“被维持”，用被动 have been maintained。

7. With his retroflex Mandarin accent, he has often been ______ a mainlander from Beijing. (A) taken for (B) taken over (C) taking for (D) taking over

答案：(A)

翻译：他普通话带卷舌音，常被误认为是北京来的大陆人。

解析：be taken for 表示“被误认为、被当作”。

8. Of all the important languages in the world, Hebrew has been ______. (A) studied the least (B) study the least (C) study less and less (D) to study the less

答案：(A)

翻译：在世界所有重要语言中，希伯来语是被研究得最少的。

解析：语言是“被研究”，用被动 studied；of all 范围用最高级 the least。

9. While new laws are increasingly implemented to protect workers from smoke in the workplace and diners in restaurants from the dangers of second-hand smoke, ______ to protect children who are the most vulnerable.

答案：(D) no such measures have been taken

翻译：虽然越来越多新法实施保护职场与餐厅民众，但尚未采取任何措施保护最脆弱的儿童。

解析：措施是“被采取”，用被动 have been taken。

10. Jane ______ to meet me at 2 o’clock. She’s an hour late. (A) supposed (B) was supposed (C) would suppose (D) was supposing

答案：(B)

翻译：简本来应该两点和我见面，她迟到了一小时。

解析：be supposed to 表示“应该、被期望”，固定被动用法。

11. Many personnel managers claim that college graduates exaggerate in job applications and behave badly at interviews; even if granted jobs, they ______ really qualified to hold their positions.

答案：(B) are found not

翻译：许多人事主管表示，大学生求职时夸大其词、面试表现差，即使录用也被发现并不称职。

解析：他们是“被发现”不称职，用被动 are found not。

12. The people who sell illegal drugs ______. (A) may prosecute (B) may be prosecuted (C) they may be prosecuted (D) it may prosecute

答案：(B)

翻译：贩卖毒品的人可能会被起诉。

解析：人是“被起诉”，用被动 may be prosecuted；不可重复主语 they。

13. At the Red Cross soup kitchen, food is ______ to anyone that needs it. (A) dispense (B) dispenses (C) dispensed (D) dispensing

答案：(C)

翻译：在红十字会慈善厨房，食物被分发给所有需要的人。

解析：食物是“被分发”，用被动 dispensed。

14. The hurricane moving towards the coast ______ to bring much-needed rainfall to the parched lands. (A) expected (B) is expected (C) expects (D) is expecting

答案：(B)

翻译：逼近海岸的飓风预计将为干旱土地带来急需降雨。

解析：飓风是“被预期”，用被动 is expected to。

15. The scientific study of the motion of bodies and forces ______ dynamics. (A) call (B) is called (C) is calling (D) called

答案：(B)

翻译：研究物体运动与作用力的科学被称为动力学。

解析：学科是“被称为”，用被动 is called。

16. Solar energy application is being (B) ______ all over the world (C) to keep pace with the energy needs of (D) developing countries.

答案：(B) developed

翻译：太阳能应用正在全球被开发，以跟上发展中国家的能源需求。

解析：is being developed 表示“正在被开发”，被动进行式。

17. This book is (A) ______ to help you select native plants appropriate for your Arizona garden.

答案：(A) intended

翻译：本书旨在帮助你挑选适合亚利桑那沙漠花园的本土植物。

解析：be intended to 表示“旨在、目的是”，固定被动。

18. …the juggernaut it was (D) ______ to be.

答案：(D) advertised

翻译：卫冕冠军UCONN队并不像宣传中那样无敌。

解析：队伍是“被宣传”，用被动 advertised。

19. Teacher: When ______? Student: In 1928. (A) was penicillin discovered (B) did penicillin discover (C) penicillin has discovered (D) discovered penicillin

答案：(A)

翻译：老师：盘尼西林何时被发现？学生：1928年。

解析：药物是“被发现”，用被动疑问句。

20. Muscle headaches ______ tension. (A) cause to (B) cause from (C) are caused by (D) the cause of

答案：(C)

翻译：肌肉性头痛是由紧张引起的。

解析：头痛是“被引起”，用被动 are caused by。

21. All the trash from Singapore’s residents (E) ______ here 24 hours a day.

答案：(E) is dumped

翻译：新加坡居民的垃圾全天候被倾倒在这里。

解析：垃圾是“被倾倒”，用被动 is dumped。

22. The question of Taipei’s aging houses ______ again after the earthquake. (A) raised (B) rose (C) was raised (D) was risen

答案：(C)

翻译：地震后，台北老旧房屋的问题再次被提出。

解析：问题是“被提出”，用被动 was raised；rise 是不及物动词，无被动。

23. We are ______ the poor. (A) ourselves dedicated to help (B) dedicated ourselves to help (C) dedicated to help (D) dedicated to helping

答案：(D)

翻译：我们致力于帮助穷人。

解析：be dedicated to 是固定搭配，to 是介词，后接动名词 helping。

24. Many wholesalers have (A) ______ the ground they lost last year.

答案：(A) regained

翻译：许多批发商已经收复了去年因经济衰退失去的市场。

解析：主语批发商主动收复，用主动 regained，不可用被动 been regained。

25. I apologize if I ______ you, but I assure you it was unintentional. (A) offend (B) had offended (C) have been offended (D) might be offended

答案：(B)

翻译：如果我之前冒犯了你，我道歉，但我不是故意的。

解析：后面有宾语 you，必须用主动；冒犯发生在道歉之前，用过去完成 had offended。

26. Since the oil spill accident happened, which (C) ______ 11 deaths…

答案：(C) resulted in

翻译：漏油事故发生，造成11人死亡。

解析：result 是不及物动词，无被动，用主动 resulted in（造成）。

27. I plan to go to Jay’s concert next week, but all tickets ______. (A) have sold out (B) had sold out (C) had been sold out (D) sell out

答案：(A)

翻译：我打算下周去周杰伦演唱会，但票已经卖完了。

解析：英文习惯 tickets sell out 用主动表被动，不用被动语态。

28. Human history ______ by a preoccupation with food. (A) shaped (B) has shaped (C) has been shaped (D) have shaped

答案：(C)

翻译：人类历史一直由对食物的专注所塑造。

解析：历史是“被塑造”，后有 by，用被动 has been shaped。

29. Electrical disturbances ______ storms on the sun. (A) caused with (B) caused as a result (C) caused by (D) caused as

答案：(C)

翻译：地球电磁干扰通常是由太阳表面风暴引起的。

解析：干扰是“被引起”，用被动 caused by。

30. A year ago I was miserable because I was ______ by the routine life. (A) boring (B) bored (C) boring myself (D) being bored

答案：(B)

翻译：一年前我很痛苦，因为小镇的单调生活让我感到无聊。

解析：be bored by 表示“对……感到无聊”；boring 是“令人无聊的”。

31. The company’s claim ______ disbelief by consumers. (A) was received with (B) has received (C) to be receiving (D) that received

答案：(A)

翻译：公司声称已召回所有问题车辆，但消费者对此难以置信。

解析：后有 by consumers，用被动 was received with disbelief。

32. …the senator may not ______ by a true majority. (A) have elected (B) have erected (C) being elected (D) have been elected

答案：(D)

翻译：杂志文章暗示参议员可能并非由真正多数票当选。

解析：后有 by，用被动完成式 have been elected。

33. Neuroscientific studies are supported ______ technological developments. (A) for continuing stream (B) by a continuing stream (C) continuing a stream (D) in continue stream

答案：(B)

翻译：神经科学研究得到持续不断的技术发展支持。

解析：被动语态 are supported 后面必须用 by 引出执行者。

Chapter 11 语气助动词

重要观念

1. 语气助动词配合原形动词，主要表达不确定语气。

2. 主要语气助动词：must, should, will/would, can/could, may/might

3. 次要语气助动词：have to, ought to, used to, would rather, might as well, had better, need, dare

1. He ______ be richer than he is willing to admit! He drives a Ferrari, owns an apartment in a very exclusive area and both his sons study abroad. (A) to (B) must (C) needs (D) ought

答案：(B)

翻译：他一定比他愿意承认的更有钱！他开法拉利、住高级地段公寓，两个儿子都出国留学。

解析：空格后是原形动词 be，只能用语气助动词，must be 表示对现在的肯定猜测。

2. Stop panicking! If you leave right now, you ______ to make it to the train station on time. (A) can be able (B) should be able (C) could (D) will

答案：(B)

翻译：别慌！如果你现在出发，应该能准时赶到火车站。

解析：could / will 后面不能接 to，can 与 be able to 重复，故选 should be able to。

3. After visiting the palace, Alice wants to try what the royal families ______. (A) used to eating (B) used eat (C) used eating (D) used to eat

答案：(D)

翻译：参观完皇宫后，爱丽丝想尝尝皇室以前吃的东西。

解析：used to + 原形动词，表示「过去常常、以前曾经」。

4. You’d better ______ Tim around. (A) get used to see (B) to get used to see (C) getting used to seeing (D) get used to seeing

答案：(D)

翻译：你最好习惯看到蒂姆在附近。

解析：had better + 原形动词；get used to + V-ing，表示「习惯于」。

5. My parents and I ______ live in a small town when I was a child. (A) are used to (B) have been used to (C) were used to (D) used to

答案：(D)

翻译：我小时候，我和父母曾住在一个小镇。

解析：used to + 原形动词，表示「过去常常」；be used to 后面接 V-ing。

6. I don’t think an expensive vacation is what I should be having right now. My finances are not as healthy as they were when I booked the trip. I ______ cancel it. (A) had better (B) should have (C) will have (D) will better

答案：(A)

翻译：我觉得现在不该享受昂贵假期，财务状况不如当初预订时好，我最好取消。

解析：had better + 原形动词，表示「最好做某事」。

7. He ______ to study harder if he wants to pass the exam. I hear it is going to be very difficult this year. (A) should (B) must (C) needs (D) plan

答案：(C)

翻译：如果想通过考试，他需要更用功，听说今年考试很难。

解析：should / must 后接原形动词，不能接 to；he 是单数，用 needs。

8. I can’t find my umbrella. I may ______ it on the bus again. (A) forget (B) be forgotten (C) be forgetting (D) have forgotten

答案：(D)

翻译：我找不到雨伞，可能又把它忘在公车上了。

解析：对过去的猜测用：语气助动词 + have + Ven，may have forgotten。

9. I wonder who ate all the chocolates yesterday. It ______ have been my sister because she was out all day. (A) could (B) must (C) should (D) couldn’t (E) needn’t

答案：(D)

翻译：我想知道昨天谁吃光了巧克力，不可能是我妹妹，因为她整天不在家。

解析：对过去否定猜测用 couldn’t have been，表示「不可能」。

10. My pain ______ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling alright?” (A) must be (B) had been (C) must have been (D) had to be

答案：(C)

翻译：我一走进房间，痛苦一定很明显，因为第一个人就同情地问我还好吗。

解析：对过去肯定猜测用 must have been。

11. Higher travel prices (A) could have caused a downturn in the tourist industry, which (B) has been (C) performing very well (D) so far this year.

答案：(A) could cause

翻译：较高的旅游价格可能导致旅游业衰退，而今年到目前为止表现一直很好。

解析：本句是对未来/现在的猜测，不是对过去，不用完成式，改为 could cause。

12. All of us wonder why they are so late as they ______ here early this morning. (A) might be (B) must have been (C) needn’t be (D) should have been

答案：(D)

翻译：我们都纳闷他们为什么迟到，因为他们今天一早本该到这里的。

解析：should have been 表示「本该做却没做」，带非事实语气。

13. I was quite worried about being the one to deliver the bad news to her. I ______ worried at all! Someone had already told her everything that had occurred and she had taken steps to improve the situation. (A) shouldn’t (B) mustn’t have (C) needn’t have (D) didn’t have

答案：(C)

翻译：我本来很担心要告诉她坏消息，其实根本没必要担心！有人已经告诉她了。

解析：needn’t have + Ven 表示「本来不必做（却做了）」。

Chapter 12 假设语气

重要观念

1. 非事实语气的动词要用过去来表示：现在与未来用过去式；过去时间用过去完成式。

2. 非事实语气的假设句 if 可以省略，直接用 be 动词或助动词倒装。

3. 表示建议、要求、坚持、命令的动词后面，用原形动词（假设法现在式）。

1. Our teachers insist that we ______ on time for class every day. (A) were (B) be (C) are (D) is

答案：(B)

翻译：老师坚持要求我们每天准时上课。

解析：insist that 后用原形动词表假设法现在式，用 be。

2. The curriculum committee recommended that this motion ______ immediately. (A) is passing (B) been passed (C) passes (D) be passed (E) pass

答案：(D)

翻译：课程委员会建议这项提案应立即通过。

解析：recommend 后用 (should) be passed，被动语态。

3. Experts recommend that the stress sufferer ______ something funny nearby. (A) keeping (B) to keep (C) has to keep (D) keep

答案：(D)

翻译：专家建议有压力的人身边放些有趣的东西。

解析：recommend that 后接原形动词 keep。

4. You look very ill today. I recommend that you ______ a doctor for medical assistance. (A) seeing (B) have seen (C) saw (D) see

答案：(D)

翻译：你今天看起来很不舒服，我建议你去看医生。

解析：recommend that 后接原形动词 see。

5. Some NGOs demand that the government ______ immediate action to deter the crime. (A) take (B) takes (C) took (D) taken

答案：(A)

翻译：部分非政府组织要求政府立即采取行动遏阻犯罪。

解析：demand that 后接原形动词 take。

6. The editor demanded that everyone listed as an author ______ the journal’s criteria for authorship. (A) met (B) meets (C) meet (D) meeting

答案：(C)

翻译：编辑要求所有列名作者都必须符合期刊的作者资格标准。

解析：demand that 后接原形动词 meet。

7. The basketball coach ordered that his players ______ for half an hour. (A) practicing (B) to practice (C) practice (D) practiced

答案：(C)

翻译：篮球教练下令球员练习运球半小时。

解析：order that 后接原形动词 practice。

8. The council reported the recommendation that the public transport system ______ more accessible. (A) is made (B) be made (C) makes (D) made

答案：(B)

翻译：委员会提出建议，应让公共交通更普及便利。

解析：recommendation 后用 (should) be made。

9. Gandhi led a massive march… required that all salt ______ from the British government. (A) is purchased (B) be purchased (C) was purchased (D) purchases

答案：(B)

翻译：甘地带领大游行，抗议盐税法，该法要求所有盐都必须向英国政府购买。

解析：require that 后用 (should) be purchased。

10. It was recommended that Mozart’s corpse ______ the cheapest available funeral. (A) is given (B) be given (C) given (D) was given

答案：(B)

翻译：由于康丝坦姿没钱，大家建议莫扎特的葬礼从简。

解析：It is recommended that 后用 (should) be given。

11. He insisted that all the members ______ at the meeting on time. (A) are (B) be (C) were (D) was

答案：(B)

翻译：他坚持所有成员都必须准时出席会议。

解析：insist that 后用原形动词 be。

12. I request that the attached application ______ under 35 USC 122 (b). (A) not be published (B) cannot be published (C) may not be published (D) will not be published

答案：(A)

翻译：本人依专利法申请，所附申请案不予公开。

解析：request that 后用 (should) not be published。

13. It is essential that he ______ the rule. (A) break not (B) breaks not (C) not break (D) not breaks

答案：(C)

翻译：他绝对不能违反规定，这至关重要。

解析：It is essential that 后用原形动词 not break。

14. It is essential that our price ______ competitive. (A) remain (B) remains (C) remaining (D) to remain

答案：(A)

翻译：我们的价格必须保持竞争力，否则顾客会被低价商店吸走。

解析：It is essential that 后用原形动词 remain。

15. I ______ that you will stay for dinner. (A) suppose (B) ask (C) suggest (D) insist

答案：(A)

翻译：我想你会留下来吃晚饭。

解析：只有 suppose 是推测，不用假设语气原形。

16. I’d get it for you ______ I could remember who last borrowed it. (A) except that (B) if only (C) on condition that (D) even though

答案：(B)

翻译：我真希望能想起谁上次借走，我就可以拿给你了。

解析：if only 表“要是……就好了”，引导假设语气。

17. Many people would be healthier and wealthier if they got on their bikes.

答案：(A) would

翻译：如果大家多骑自行车，会更健康、更有钱。

解析：与现在事实相反，主句 would + 原形，从句过去式。

18. Your father would be proud of you if he ______ here now. (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) had been

答案：(C)

翻译：如果你父亲现在在这里，他会以你为荣。

解析：与现在事实相反，be 动词一律用 were。

19. ______ she not my daughter, I ______ no hesitation in phoning the police. (A) Was I will (B) Were I will (C) Were I would (D) Was I enjoyed

答案：(C)

翻译：要不是她是我女儿，我会毫不犹豫报警。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Were I；主句用 would。

20. I would definitely see a doctor about this cold, if I ______ you. (A) am (B) was (C) are (D) were

答案：(D)

翻译：如果我是你，我一定会去看感冒。

解析：与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were。

21. ______ of the astronauts were exposed to space, he would succumb. (A) Were one (B) If one (C) Had a single (D) Had one

答案：(A)

翻译：只要有一名航天员暴露在太空真空，会立刻因缺氧失压而死。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Were one。

22. ______ no MRT system, the traffic in Taipei would be even worse. (A) There should (B) Were there (C) If there (D) If should there be

答案：(B)

翻译：如果没有捷运，台北交通会更糟。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Were there。

23. If John ______, I would invite him. (A) available (B) might be available (C) were available (D) would be available

答案：(C)

翻译：如果约翰有空，我就邀请他。

解析：与现在事实相反，用 were available。

24. Although all the land in the world were put together, its total area would still be less than the Pacific.

答案：(A) Even if

翻译：即使全球陆地拼在一起，面积仍小于太平洋。

解析：假设语气用 Even if，不可用 Although。

25. If I ______ a jurist, I would keep physician-assisted suicide illegal. (A) was (B) were (C) am (D) have been

答案：(B)

翻译：如果我是法学家，我会认定安乐死违法。

解析：与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were。

26. If I ______ a more reliable car, I ______ to Canada. (A) would have drive (B) had drive (C) had driven (D) would have had drive

答案：(C)

翻译：如果我有可靠的车，我会开车去加拿大而不搭飞机。

解析：与现在事实相反，从句 had，主句 would drive。

27. If I had been able to run my own theater, I ______ all my plays myself. (A) would direct (B) were to direct (C) will direct (D) would have directed

答案：(D)

翻译：如果当年我能经营自己的剧院，所有戏都会自己导。

解析：与过去事实相反，主句用 would have directed。

28. If she had not greeted me first, I ______ her for a stranger. (A) will mistake (B) will have mistaken (C) would mistake (D) would have mistaken

答案：(D)

翻译：岁月带走她的容貌，如果她没先打招呼，我会把她当成陌生人。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would have mistaken。

29. What if you were in my shoes? What ______? (A) you will do (B) would you have done (C) have you done (D) you would do

答案：(B)

翻译：如果你是我，你会怎么做？

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would you have done。

30. If I had had time, I ______ TV last night. (A) watched (B) will watch (C) would watch (D) would have watched

答案：(D)

翻译：如果我昨晚有时间，我就会看电视了。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would have watched。

31. If you looked in the articles, you would have found your efforts superseded.

答案：(A) had looked

翻译：如果你当初查阅法条，就会发现你的主张已被取代。

解析：主句为过去假设，从句必须用过去完成 had looked。

32. ______ the movie was so boring, I doubt I would have gone to see it. (A) I had known if (B) Had I known (C) If had I known (D) If I knew

答案：(B)

翻译：如果我早知道电影这么无聊，我就不会去看了。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Had I known。

33. I ______ your sister to dinner if I had known she was visiting. (A) invite (B) invited (C) had invited (D) would have invited

答案：(D)

翻译：如果我早知道你姐姐来找你，我就会请她吃饭。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would have invited。

34. Terry ______ from brain cancer if he ______ the doctor’s advice. (A) would recover followed (B) would have recovered had followed (C) would have recovered followed (D) will recover follows

答案：(B)

翻译：如果泰瑞当初听医生的话，本可以从脑癌中康复。

解析：与过去事实相反，主句 would have recovered，从句 had followed。

35. Had the government lowered the tariff, the prices of foreign cars ______ higher. (A) would have been (B) were (C) would be (D) will be

答案：(A)

翻译：如果政府当初降低进口车关税，外国豪车价格就不会这么高。

解析：省略 if，从句 Had…，主句用 would have been。

36. If we ______ the other road, we wouldn’t have been lost last month. (A) choose (B) chose (C) have chosen (D) had chosen

答案：(D)

翻译：如果我们当初选另一条路，上个月就不会迷路。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句用 had chosen。

37. If Emily ______ my advice, she might have avoided the mistakes. (A) takes (B) took (C) has taken (D) had taken

答案：(D)

翻译：如果艾米丽当初听我的建议，就可以避免犯同样错误。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句用 had taken。

38. If I ______ he would gamble the money away, I wouldn’t have lent him the money. (A) know (B) knew (C) had known (D) have known

答案：(C)

翻译：如果我早知道他会把钱赌光，我就不会借他了。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句用 had known。

39. If it ______ last Saturday, my students would have gone to the concert. (A) didn’t rain (B) wasn’t raining (C) shouldn’t rain (D) hadn’t rained

答案：(D)

翻译：如果上周六没下雨，学生们就会去演唱会。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句用 hadn’t rained。

40. If only ______ so much, the car accident wouldn’t have happened. (A) I had drunk (B) I had not drunk (C) Had I drunk (D) Had I not drunk

答案：(D)

翻译：要是我当时没喝那么多酒，车祸就不会发生。

解析：if only 省略 if，倒装 Had I not drunk。

41. ______ the jury found the defendant guilty, they would have put him in jail. (A) Had (B) Should (C) Since (D) Despite

答案：(A)

翻译：如果陪审团认定被告有罪，就会判他入狱。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Had the jury found…。

42. If Peter ______ quit school, he would have graduated. (A) hadn’t to (B) hadn’t had to (C) didn’t have to (D) didn’t

答案：(B)

翻译：如果彼得当初不必休学，他本可以毕业。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 hadn’t had to。

43. If I ______ both of them were coming, I ______ coffee for one and tea for the other. (A) had known would make (B) know had made (C) had known would have made (D) have known would have made

答案：(C)

翻译：如果我早知道他们两人都会来，我就会一个准备咖啡、一个准备茶。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句 had known，主句 would have made。

44. If John ______ so poorly, we ______ him to the movies. (A) did not behave would have taken (B) did not behave will take (C) had not behaved would have taken (D) had not behaved will take

答案：(C)

翻译：如果约翰当初表现不要这么差，我们就会带他去看电影。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句 had not behaved，主句 would have taken。

45. If the CEO ______ the difficulty, he ______ on it. (A) realizes doesn’t insist (B) realized won’t insist (C) had realized wouldn’t have insisted (D) has realized won’t have insisted

答案：(C)

翻译：如果执行长当初意识到执行新政策的困难，就不会坚持了。

解析：与过去事实相反，从句 had realized，主句 wouldn’t have insisted。

46. I would have given you the money ______ you told me earlier about your problem. (A) if not (B) if only (C) what if (D) had

答案：(B)

翻译：你当初要是早点告诉我财务困难，我就会帮你了。

解析：if only 表示“要是当初……就好了”。

47. ______ that his mother sold the house for his tuition, he would have refused to go to college. (A) Had Jack known (B) Jack had known (C) If Jack knows (D) If Jack knew

答案：(A)

翻译：如果杰克当初知道母亲为他学费卖房子，他就不会去上大学。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Had Jack known。

48. If I hadn’t slipped on the ice, I ______ my arm. (A) couldn’t break (B) wouldn’t break (C) couldn’t have broken (D) wouldn’t have broken

答案：(D)

翻译：如果我没在冰上滑倒，手臂就不会骨折。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 wouldn’t have broken。

49. The man said that if he had received such a letter, he would have ______ it away. (A) threw (B) throwing (C) throw (D) thrown

答案：(D)

翻译：那人说如果他收到这种信，早就扔进垃圾桶了。

解析：would have + 过去分词 thrown。

50. ______ for her loyal dog, the old lady would not have been found. (A) If it is not (B) If it was not (C) If it wouldn’t be (D) If it had not been

答案：(D)

翻译：要不是忠心的狗大声吠叫吵醒邻居，老太太昏倒在家不会被发现。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 If it had not been for。

51. ______ five minutes earlier, you would not have missed the last train. (A) Had you come (B) Do you come (C) Did you come (D) Should you come

答案：(A)

翻译：你早五分钟来，就不会错过末班火车。

解析：省略 if，倒装 Had you come。

52. What if you had been in my shoes? What ______? (A) could you do (B) would you have done (C) should you have done (D) would you do

答案：(B)

翻译：如果你是我，你会怎么做？

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would you have done。

53. The charity sale went alright, but it would have been perfect if ______. (A) more people showed up (B) we had had enough volunteers (C) the mayor should promise (D) the prices are higher

答案：(B)

翻译：义卖还算顺利，但如果当初有足够义工，就会更完美。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 had had enough volunteers。

54. If Michael ______ enthusiasm in the interview, he would’ve got in. (A) demonstrate (B) am demonstrating (C) was demonstrating (D) had demonstrated

答案：(D)

翻译：如果迈克尔面试时表现出热情，他本可以被录取。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 had demonstrated。

55. I would have visited you ______ someone told me you were in hospital. (A) had (B) if (C) since (D) that (E) then

答案：(A)

翻译：如果有人告诉我你住院，我就会去看你。

解析：省略 if，倒装 had someone told。

56. Penicillin saved many lives that otherwise ______. (A) would be lost (B) would have been lost (C) had lost (D) had been lost

答案：(B)

翻译：二战期间盘尼西林拯救无数生命，否则这些生命本会丧失。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would have been lost。

57. Had they been done by hand, the calculations ______ all value. (A) could lose (B) would have lost (C) might be losing (D) ought to lose

答案：(B)

翻译：如果这些数百万笔计算用手工算，算完早就失去实用价值。

解析：省略 if，从句 Had they been…，主句 would have lost。

58. If I ______ you needed help, I would have given you a hand. (A) have known (B) had known (C) were known (D) would know

答案：(B)

翻译：如果我早知道你需要帮忙，我就会帮你。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 had known。

59. ______ my father’s advice, I would not have been where I am today. (A) If it were not for (B) Were it not for (C) With (D) Had it not been for

答案：(D)

翻译：要不是当初听父亲的建议，我不会有今天的成就。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 Had it not been for。

60. If you ______ to see the Mayor, what would you tell him? (A) are (B) will be going (C) must (D) were (E) want

答案：(D)

翻译：如果你要去见市长，你会跟他说什么？

解析：与现在事实相反，用 were。

61. ______ a global nuclear war, life on earth would end forever. (A) There should be (B) If there will be (C) If there had been (D) Should there be (E) Had there been

答案：(D)

翻译：万一发生全球核战，地球上的生命将永远消失。

解析：与未来事实相反，省略 if，倒装 Should there be。

62. A doctor should ______ immediately. (A) have been called (B) have called (C) call (D) be called

答案：(A)

翻译：那人死因为没有及时送医，本应该立刻叫医生。

解析：should have been called 表示“本应该被做却没做”。

63. She speaks English as if she ______ an American. (A) is (B) was (C) will be (D) were

答案：(D)

翻译：她讲英语就像美国人一样。

解析：as if 与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were。

64. Jack is leaving his job because his boss treats him as if he ______ his personal slave. (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) had been

答案：(C)

翻译：杰克要离职，因为老板把他当私人奴隶一样对待。

解析：as if 非事实语气，一律用 were。

65. David ______, but he chose to stay and fight. (A) couldn’t have escaped (B) could have escaped (C) hadn’t escaped (D) can escape

答案：(B)

翻译：大卫本可以逃走，但他选择留下来奋战。

解析：could have done 本可以做却没做。

66. If I had eaten breakfast this morning, I ______ hungry now. (A) am not (B) will not be (C) would not be (D) were not

答案：(C)

翻译：如果我早上吃了早餐，现在就不会饿。

解析：过去假设 + 现在结果，主句用 would not be。

67. If they had listened to me, they ______ in such a crisis now. (A) would not be (B) would not have been (C) will not be (D) would have been not

答案：(A)

翻译：如果他们当初听我的，现在就不会陷入危机。

解析：过去假设 + 现在结果，用 would not be。

68. We shouldn’t ______ his business proposal so quickly. (A) have accepted (B) accept (C) to have accepted (D) to accept

答案：(A)

翻译：我们本不该这么快接受他的提案，现在才知道公司状况很差。

解析：shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了。

69. You ______ a psychiatrist if you ______ harder at school. (A) would be have studied (B) would have been would study (C) could be had studied (D) will had studied

答案：(C)

翻译：如果你当初在学校更用功，现在可能是精神科医生。

解析：过去假设 + 现在结果，用 could be。

70. …it seemed as if she ______ a completely different person. (A) would have become (B) might become (C) become (D) had become (E) were becoming

答案：(D)

翻译：她车祸后举止兴趣全变，仿佛变成另一个人。

解析：as if 与过去事实相反，用 had become。

71. I would have visited him… but I ______ fully occupied last week. (A) were (B) had been (C) have been (D) was

答案：(D)

翻译：我本来想去医院看他，但上周我全程都很忙。

解析：事实陈述，用过去式 was。

72. A safety analysis ______ the target… Unfortunately, it was never done. (A) would identify (B) will identify (C) would have identified (D) will have identified

答案：(C)

翻译：安全分析本可以识别出危险目标，可惜从未做过。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would have identified。

73. …participants act as if they ______ a single life form. (A) are (B) is (C) were (D) was

答案：(C)

翻译：营队期间参与者表现得仿佛是一个生命体。

解析：as if 非事实，用 were。

74. I studied medicine, I ______ a doctor now. (A) Had I would be (B) If I would be (C) Had I would have been (D) If I would have been

答案：(A)

翻译：如果我当初学医，我现在就是医生了。

解析：过去假设 + 现在结果，用 would be。

75. The business could never ______ without the Internet. (A) have succeeded (B) succeed (C) a success (D) as successful

答案：(A)

翻译：这家店没有互联网绝对不可能成功。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 have succeeded。

76. The work ______ carried through without Gibbon’s animus. (A) should never be (B) would never have been (C) would never be (D) was never

答案：(B)

翻译：如果没有吉本的偏见，这部作品本可以更客观完成。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would never have been。

77. The bookstore ______ closed many years ago but for the customers. (A) would be (B) were (C) would have been (D) had been (E) has been

答案：(C)

翻译：要不是顾客坚持，这家书店多年前就会倒闭。

解析：与过去事实相反，用 would have been。

78. Many Taiwanese wish that they ______ play golf as well as Yani Tseng. (A) ought to (B) should (C) may (D) could

答案：(D)

翻译：许多台湾人希望自己能像曾雅妮一样打高尔夫。

解析：wish 与现在事实相反，用 could。

79. Chinese New Year is coming. It is time that we ______ the house. (A) cleaned (B) clean (C) will clean (D) have cleaned

答案：(A)

翻译：新年快到了，是时候打扫房子了。

解析：It is time that 后用过去式表假设。

Chapter 13 动名词

重要觀念

動名詞 (Ving) 當作名詞使用，表示「一個動作、一件事情」。

1. The secretary handed the manager the ______ arrangements for the dinner party.

(A) seated (B) seating (C) to seat (D) seats

翻译：秘书把晚宴的座位安排交给了经理。

解析：动名词 seating 作定语修饰 arrangements，构成固定搭配 seating arrangements（座位安排）。答案：(B)

2. ______, you can succeed at a job interview and get the job you want.

(A) As you following three simple steps (B) By following three simple steps (C) By follow three simple steps (D) By followed three simple steps (E) By three simple steps follow

翻译：通过遵循三个简单步骤，你就能在求职面试中成功并得到想要的工作。

解析：by 是介词，后面必须接动名词。答案：(B)

3. That professor has a bad habit ______ with his notes while he’s giving a lecture.

(A) to fiddle (B) of fiddling (C) fiddles (D) had fiddling

翻译：那位教授有个坏习惯，上课时会乱拨弄讲义。

解析：have a habit of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯，of 后接动名词。答案：(B)

4. Nature, not content with ______ him the ability to think, has endowed him with the ability to write.

(A) to have denied (B) to deny (C) deny (D) denying

翻译：大自然并不满足于赋予他思考能力，还赋予了他写作能力。

解析：with 是介词，后面接动名词。答案：(D)

5. The second part of the movie is so good that it makes the first part worth ______ through.

(A) sit (B) sat (C) to sit (D) sitting

翻译：这部电影的后半段非常精彩，让人觉得前半段也值得看完。

解析：worth 是介词，后接动名词。答案：(D)

6. The man became a vegetarian several years ago after recovery from a sudden stroke. He often talks about his experience to discourage people ______ any meat.

(A) not to eat (B) from eating (C) to not eat (D) without eating

翻译：这位男士几年前突发中风康复后就吃素了，他常分享经历劝阻别人吃肉。

解析：discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人不要做某事。答案：(B)

7. As a leader—or as an advocate—public speaking is the key to ______ empathy, stirring excitement, sharing knowledge and insights, and promoting a shared dream.

(A) lock (B) unlock (C) locks (D) unlocking

翻译：作为领导者或倡导者，公开演讲是唤起共鸣、激发热情、分享知识与洞见、推动共同梦想的关键。

解析：the key to doing sth. 做某事的关键，to 是介词，后接动名词。答案：(D)

8. Studies ______ other countries, including India’s neighbor Pakistan, ______ that getting the private sector involved is key to increasing the number of TB cases that get diagnosed.

(A) in / show (B) on / shows (C) at / showed (D) for / showing

翻译：其他国家（包括印度邻国巴基斯坦）的研究表明，引入私营部门是提高结核病确诊数量的关键。

解析：studies in other countries 其他国家的研究；主语为复数，动词用 show。答案：(A)

9. ______, the administrators of public health care facilities must contend with the possibility of a strike by employees.

(A) Added to worries about budget cuts and cost of living increases

(B) Added to budget cuts and increases in the cost living

(D) In addition to worrying about budget cuts and increases in the cost of living

翻译：除了担心预算削减和生活成本上涨，公共医疗设施管理者还必须应对员工罢工的可能性。

解析：in addition to 是介词短语，后接动名词。答案：(D)

10. In addition to ______ digital dollars for free, you can get even more digital dollars by making purchases at any websites.

(A) earning (B) earn (C) purchasing (D) purchase

翻译：除了能免费赚取数字货币，你还能在任意网站消费来赚取更多。

解析：in addition to 后接动名词；earn 赚取，符合句意。答案：(A)

11. People spend a considerable sum of money on interior decoration with a view ______ their house beautiful.

(A) in making (B) of making (C) to making (D) for making

翻译：人们花大笔钱装修，目的是让房子变美观。

解析：with a view to doing sth. 目的是做某事，to 是介词，后接动名词。答案：(C)

12. The certified trainers are professionals ______ parents.

(A) committed to training (B) commitment of training (C) committed to train (D) commitment for training

翻译：认证培训师是致力于培训家长的专业人士。

解析：be committed to doing sth. 致力于做某事，to 是介词。答案：(A)

13. My brother will never ______ early.

(A) got used to getting up (B) get used to get up (C) get used to getting up (D) getting used to get up

翻译：我哥哥永远不会习惯早起。

解析：get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；will 后接动词原形。答案：(C)

14. After living in England for a year, I still can’t get used to ______ on the left.

(A) drive (B) drives (C) drove (D) driving

翻译：在英国住了一年后，我还是不习惯靠左行驶。

解析：get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。答案：(D)

15. Johnny is used to ______ up late, which is why he always shows up in his morning classes looking tired.

(A) stay (B) having stay (C) staying (D) stays

翻译：约翰尼习惯熬夜，所以他早上上课总是看起来很疲惫。

解析：be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事。答案：(C)

16. Climbers survive in this so-called death zone above eight thousand meters because they spend several months climbing to higher points on the mountain to ______ in those conditions.

(A) used to live (B) have to live (C) would rather live (D) get used to living

翻译：登山者能在八千米以上的所谓“死亡地带”存活，是因为他们花了数月时间攀登更高处，以适应在那种环境下生活。

解析：get used to doing sth. 适应做某事。答案：(D)

17. Many people (A) look forward to (B) retire, (C) seeing it as an opportunity to do all kinds of things they could never do (D) while they (E) were working.

翻译：许多人期待退休，把它视为一个能做各种工作时无法做的事的机会。

解析：look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事，to 是介词。答案：(B) retiring

18. Thank you for your prompt reply to our mail. We are looking forward to ______ with your agent about the signing of a contract.

(A) being consulted (B) be consulted (C) consulting (D) being consulting

翻译：感谢你及时回复邮件，我们期待与你的代理洽谈签约事宜。

解析：look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事。答案：(C)

19. After spending 5 hours in the interrogation room and conferring with her lawyer, the secretary eventually confessed to ______ the money that had been earmarked for company travel.

(A) steal (B) be stolen (C) stealing (D) stole

翻译：在审讯室待了5小时并与律师商议后，秘书最终承认挪用了公司指定用于差旅的款项。

解析：confess to doing sth. 承认做某事，to 是介词。答案：(C)

20. Cabin fever is essentially a response to ______ inside a confined indoor area for a prolonged period of time.

(A) stick (B) being stuck (C) stuck (D) have stuck

翻译：幽居烦躁本质上是对长时间被困在封闭室内空间的一种反应。

解析：to 是介词，后接动名词；be stuck 被困。答案：(B)

21. The employees recruited to work in the factory complained that they were not accustomed ______ a time card.

(A) to punching (B) to punch (C) by punching (D) having punched

翻译：被招募到工厂工作的员工抱怨他们不习惯打卡。

解析：be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，to 是介词。答案：(A)

22. The kitchen appliances need ______. Can you help me out?

(A) clean (B) cleaning (C) to clean (D) being cleaned

翻译：厨房电器需要清理了，你能帮我吗？

解析：sth. need doing 某物需要被做，主动表被动。答案：(B)

23. Being easy to break, the article wants ______.

(A) carefully to handle (B) careful handling (C) to handle with care (D) for careful handling

翻译：这件物品易碎，需要小心处理。

解析：want 后接动名词表示被动；want careful handling 需要小心处理。答案：(B)

24. When Beth gets tired, she ______.

(A) stops to work (B) stops working (C) is stopping to work (D) has stopped work

翻译：贝丝累的时候就会停止工作。

解析：stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事；stop to do 停下来去做另一件事。答案：(B)

25. The painter tried ______ white acrylic paint to his pigment, but disliked the result.

(A) add (B) adding (C) to add (D) added

翻译：画家尝试把白色丙烯颜料加入颜料中，但不喜欢结果。

解析：try doing sth. 尝试做某事。答案：(C)

26. Sitting by the window at a table for two, Elliot began ______ his coffee while looking for a third sugar to add into it.

(A) stirring (B) stirred (C) stir (D) stirringly

翻译：埃利奥特坐在靠窗的双人桌旁，开始搅拌咖啡，同时想再加点第三份糖。

解析：begin doing sth. 开始做某事。答案：(A)

27. She prefers ______ to traveling by air.

(A) to drive (B) drives (C) driving (D) drove

翻译：比起坐飞机，她更喜欢开车。

解析：prefer doing to doing 比起后者更喜欢前者。答案：(C)

28. The man avoided ______ by turning suddenly into a driveway, saving the child riding a tricycle across the street.

(A) hitting (B) to hit (C) hit (D) being hit

翻译：这名男子突然转入车道，避免撞到人，救了骑三轮车过马路的孩子。

解析：avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。答案：(A)

29. Mr. Lee doesn’t mind ______ over to our office sometime next week to review and sign the contract.

(A) to coming (B) come (C) coming (D) came

翻译：李先生不介意下周某个时间来我们办公室审核并签署合同。

解析：mind doing sth. 介意做某事。答案：(C)

30. Donald Trump is considering ______ a new executive order to ban citizens of certain countries ______ to the US.

(A) issue / to travel (B) issued / to travel (C) having issued / on traveling (D) issuing / from traveling

翻译：唐纳德·特朗普正在考虑发布一项新行政命令，禁止某些国家公民前往美国。

解析：consider doing sth. 考虑做某事；ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事。答案：(D)

31. The committee now ______ instruments especially for hitchhiking through the galaxy on ESA spacecraft.

(A) is considering to build (B) is considering building (C) considers to build (D) considers to building

翻译：委员会现在正在考虑专门为搭乘欧洲空间局航天器穿越银河的仪器。

解析：consider doing sth. 考虑做某事；now 用现在进行时。答案：(B)

32. I know Kelly will be sad, but I can’t help ______ her that I saw her boyfriend seeing another girl.

(A) tell (B) telling (C) to tell (D) told

翻译：我知道凯莉会难过，但我忍不住告诉她，我看到她男朋友和别的女孩约会了。

解析：can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事。答案：(B)

33. I enjoy ______ dinner with you.

(A) to have (B) having (C) for having (D) in having

翻译：我很享受和你一起吃晚餐。

解析：enjoy doing sth. 喜欢/享受做某事。答案：(B)

34. Health officials in New Zealand’s largest city Auckland suggest ______ parking near schools to make overweight kids walk more as a way to fight childhood obesity.

(A) ban (B) bans (C) banned (D) banning

翻译：新西兰最大城市奥克兰的卫生官员建议禁止在学校附近停车，让超重孩子多走路，以此对抗儿童肥胖。

解析：suggest doing sth. 建议做某事。答案：(D)

35. Although he was a teenager, Fred could resist ______ what to do and what not to do.

(A) to be told (B) having being told (C) being told (D) to have been told

翻译：虽然弗雷德还是青少年，但他能抗拒被人告知该做什么、不该做什么。

解析：resist doing sth. 抗拒做某事；被动用 being told。答案：(C)

36. I appreciated ______ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

(A) having been given (B) having being given (C) to have been given (D) to have given

翻译：我很感激两年前被给予出国留学的机会。

解析：appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事；被动完成用 having been given。答案：(A)

Chapter 14 不定词片语

重要观念

1. 不定词片语可以当作形容词、副词、名词使用。

2. 不定词片语的基本结构是 to + 原形动词。

1. I tried ______ the tires but I couldn’t. I need to find an auto mechanic to do it. (A) change (B) to change (C) exchanging (D) to exchange

答案：(B)

翻译：我试着自己换轮胎，但做不到。我得找汽车修理工来换。

解析：try to V 表示“尝试去做”；change 表示“更换”，exchange 表示“交换”，此处用 to change。

2. His innovative proposal indeed helped ______ the sales last quarter. (A) to boost (B) boosting (C) boosted (D) had boosted

答案：(A)

翻译：他提出的创新提案确实有助于上一季的销售增长。

解析：help (to) V 表示“帮助做……”，to 可省略。

3. It is sometimes difficult ______ you have just met. (A) to make pleasant conversation among people (B) making pleasant conversation to people (C) making pleasant conversation for people (D) to make pleasant conversation with people

答案：(D)

翻译：和刚认识的人愉快交谈有时并不容易。

解析：It is + 形容词 + to V；与某人交谈用 with people。

4. It seems very difficult ______. (A) to stop the child to cry (B) restraining the child to cry (C) to keep the child from crying (D) hold the child’s crying (E) closing the child’s cry

答案：(C)

翻译：想要让孩子不哭似乎很难。

解析：keep sb from Ving 表示“阻止某人做某事”。

5. Socially withdrawn people find ______ extremely painful to communicate with the outside world. (A) very (B) more (C) it (D) that

答案：(C)

翻译：社交退缩的人觉得和外界沟通非常痛苦。

解析：find it + 形容词 + to V，it 作为形式受词。

6. Today it is almost impossible ______ American society as it was before the invention of television. (A) imagine (B) to imagine (C) imagining (D) imagined

答案：(B)

翻译：今天我们几乎无法想像电视发明之前的美国社会。

解析：It is impossible to V 表示“做……是不可能的”。

7. Recent technological breakthroughs have exponentially reduced the cost of data storage, making ______ easier and less expensive to store more data than ever before. (A) that (B) it (C) this (D) which

答案：(B)

翻译：近期科技突破大幅降低数据存储成本，让储存更多资料变得更容易、更便宜。

解析：make it + 形容词 + to V，it 作为形式受词。

8. You should not underestimate her achievement. It ______ a lot of efforts ______ a new company. (A) take / establishing (B) have taken / to establish (C) takes / to establish (D) taking / establish

答案：(C)

翻译：你不该低估她的成就。创立一家新公司需要相当大的努力。

解析：It takes + 名词 + to V 表示“做……需要……”。

9. Some psychologists say that reading right before we go to bed at night can help us remember more effectively what we’ve read because our brain has a chance ______ information. (A) process (B) processing (C) to process (D) processed

答案：(C)

翻译：一些心理学家表示，睡前阅读能帮助我们更有效地记住内容，因为大脑有机会处理信息。

解析：have a chance to V 表示“有机会做……”。

10. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ______ the last bus. (A) to catch (B) to have caught (C) catching (D) having caught

答案：(A)

翻译：我昨晚在公司工作到很晚，几乎没时间赶上末班车。

解析：have time to V 表示“有时间做……”。

11. Americans spend lots of money ______ food, then spend even more on exercise and diet programs that help them ______ their extra pounds. (A) eat / remove (B) eating / remove (C) to eat / removing (D) eating / removing

答案：(B)

翻译：美国人花大量钱吃东西，然后花更多钱运动和节食来减掉多余体重。

解析：spend money Ving；help (to) V。

12. The new retirement policy would cause the company ______ the support of the employees who benefit from the current system. (A) to lose (B) be lost (C) for losing (D) the loss

答案：(A)

翻译：新的退休政策会导致公司失去现有制度受益员工的支持。

解析：cause sb/sth to V 表示“导致……做……”。

13. The purpose of this activity is ______ the students to work more closely together. (A) gotten (B) should get (C) to get (D) will get

答案：(C)

翻译：这项活动的目的是让学生们更紧密地合作。

解析：The purpose is to V 表示“目的是做……”。

14. The intent of border screening is ______ possibly infectious persons at the border. (A) detect (B) to detect (C) detected (D) detects

答案：(B)

翻译：边境筛检的目的是在边境查出可能具传染性的人。

解析：The intent is to V 表示“意图是做……”。

15. He allowed himself ______ in two years. (A) finishing it completely (B) to finish completely it (C) to finish it completely (D) completely to finish it (E) finished completely

答案：(C)

翻译：他允许自己在两年内彻底完成这件事。

解析：allow sb to V；副词 completely 放在受词后。

16. Edward’s hobby of fixing up old cars makes him ______ his girlfriend Janice. (A) neglecting (B) neglect (C) to neglect (D) neglected

答案：(B) neglect

翻译：爱德华整修旧车的爱好让他忽略了女友贾妮丝。

解析：make sb V 使役动词，用原形动词。

17. Johnny is a spoiled child. His parents simply let him ______ whatever he likes. (A) do (B) does (C) doing (D) to do

答案：(A)

翻译：强尼是被宠坏的孩子，父母任由他随心所欲。

解析：let sb V 使役动词，用原形动词。

18. Antony and Cleopatra were not the great beauties that Hollywood ______. (A) would have believing us (B) would have us believe (C) will us have believing (D) will have us believed

答案：(B)

翻译：安东尼与克利奥帕特拉并非好莱坞让我们相信的那种绝世美人。

解析：have sb V 表示“让某人做……”；would have us believe。

19. All our teachers always remind us that we must have enough courage to make our dreams ______. (A) come true (B) come truly (C) to come true (D) to come truly

答案：(A)

翻译：老师们总是提醒我们要有勇气实现梦想。

解析：make sth V 表示“使……”；come true 实现。

20. Did you have your assistant ______ this report before sending it out? (A) edit (B) editing (C) to edit (D) an addition

答案：(A)

翻译：你让助理在发出前编辑这份报告了吗？

解析：have sb V 表示“让某人做……”。

21. Ronald was relieved to see his girlfriend finally ______ in Japan, having waited for hours at the terminal. (A) arrive (B) arrived (C) arriving (D) to arrive

答案：(A)

翻译：罗纳德在机场等了好几个小时，终于看到女友抵达日本，松了一口气。

解析：see sb V 表示“看到某人做某事（全过程）”。

22. The human resources director made all job applicants ______ an English test. (A) take (B) takes (C) to take (D) had taken

答案：(A)

翻译：人力资源主管让所有求职者参加英语测验。

解析：make sb V 使役动词，用原形动词。

23. I cut down through the fat and tissue until I felt the blade ______ against the bony cartilage. (A) to scrape (B) to be scraped (C) been scraped (D) being scraping (E) scrape

答案：(E)

翻译：我切开脂肪与组织，直到感觉到刀片刮到软骨。

解析：feel sth V 表示“感觉到……做某事”。

24. Patricia is sure ______ her opponents in the next competition. (A) squash (B) to squash (C) at squashing (D) to have squashed

答案：(B)

翻译：帕特里夏确信能在下一场比赛击败对手。

解析：be sure to V 表示“一定会做……”。

25. We rushed to the station, ______ to find that the train had left. (A) not (B) only (C) simply (D) got

答案：(B)

翻译：我们冲到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。

解析：only to V 表示“结果却……（意料之外）”。

26. Mary was too tired to cook a regular meal, so she called and ordered some fast food ______. (A) deliver (B) to deliver (C) to be delivering (D) to be delivered

答案：(D)

翻译：玛丽太累不想做饭，于是打电话叫外卖送到家。

解析：order sth to be done 表示“订购某物被送来”。

27. I may not really have the choice, but I prefer ______ the issue with the professor. (A) to not raise (B) not to raise (C) not raising (D) not raise

答案：(A)

翻译：我或许别无选择，但我宁愿不向教授提出这件事。

解析：prefer to not V 表示“宁愿不做……”。

28. The professor believed that he should relax a bit during the break, so he decided ______ himself with the students’ papers. (A) to not bother (B) not to bother (C) not bothering (D) not bother

答案：(B)

翻译：教授认为休息时该放松一下，所以决定不被学生作业打扰。

解析：decide not to V 表示“决定不做……”。

Chapter 15 对等连接词

重要观念

对等连接词连接的两部分必须平行对称

1. I am almost finished. This is ______ to empty. (A) the last one but (B) the one but last (C) one but the last (D) the last but one

答案：(D)

翻译：我快做完了，这是倒数第二个要清空的。

解析：片语the last but one（倒数第二个）其实是the last one but one的省略，中间的but是对等连接词，前后连接的部分要求平行，在此都是one。but在这里的否定意味和介系词except很接近，表示「除了一个之外的最后一个」，也就是倒数第二个。

2. Jackie dressed in ______ baggy Levi’s and flannel shirts in high school, for she did not like to wear tight clothes. (A) anything but (B) everything but (C) nothing but (D) anything except

答案：(C)

翻译：杰姬高中时只穿宽松的李维斯牛仔裤和法兰绒衬衫，因为她不喜欢穿紧身衣服。

解析：片语nothing but字面上的意思是「除了…之外就没别的了」，也就是「只有」，根据句意选(C)。同样常见的(A) anything but意思相反，字面上是「除了…之外别的都行」，也就是「绝不，根本不」。因为but是连接词而非介系词，所以后面可以接形容词。

3. In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, ______ those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. (A) by way of (B) as well as (C) on behalf of (D) with regard to

答案：(B)

翻译：在柬埔寨，年轻男性选择配偶是一件复杂的事。这可能不仅涉及他的父母和朋友，以及年轻女性的父母和朋友，还包括媒人。

解析：空格前的not only…在空格后有but also…搭配，根据上下文，可知是在列举同样牵涉其中的人。因此答案选(B)，片语as well as的意思是「以及」，属于比较句法中的对等连接词，其实并非对等连接词，但是它在用法以及平行对称的要求上，都和对等连接词and相同。

4. They may ______ together, dance together, chant together. (A) rise (B) be rising (C) raise (D) be raising

答案：(A)

翻译：他们可能一同起身、一同跳舞、一同歌唱。

解析：空格前有助动词may，后有两个原形动词片语dance together与chant together，根据平行对称的要求，可知空格中也应填入原形动词。(A) rise是指「上升，起身」，(C) raise是及物动词，后面需要受词，意思是「举起，提升」，因此选(A)成为rise together。

5. Jenny saw her best friend last night ______ and playing the piano on a talent show. (A) singing (B) sang (C) sung (D) to sing

答案：(A)

翻译：珍妮昨晚在才艺表演上看到她最好的朋友一边唱歌一边弹钢琴。

解析：空格后有对等连接词and，后面是playing，可知前面需填singing以符合平行对称要求，故选(A)。

6. Declining enrollments are forcing smaller private colleges to choose ______. (A) between raising tuition and reduction of the staff (B) between raising tuition or reducing staff (C) between raising tuition and reducing staff (D) between the rise of tuition and the reduction of the staff

答案：(C)

翻译：入学人数下降迫使小型私立大学在提高学费和裁减员工之间做出选择。

解析：片语choose between A and B是「在A与B之间做选择」，连接词要用and，(B)可先排除。对等连接词and要求平行对称，(A)的and前面是动名词片语raising tuition，后面是普通名词reduction，并不工整。(C)与(D)都符合平行对称要求，但(D) the rise of tuition意思是「学费自己上升」，句意不如(C) raising tuition（提高学费，调涨学费）精确。

7. The gist is that job seekers use Facebook’s advertising platform to target specific employers they want to work for. They write a short ad, ______ a picture of themselves, and link to an online version of their resume. (A) include (B) included (C) to include (D) including

答案：(D)

翻译：重点在于求职者利用脸书的广告平台锁定他们想去求职的特定雇主。他们撰写简短的广告、附上自己的照片，并链接到自己的线上履历。

解析：其实这个题目都不改的话，句子也可以成立。(D) including a picture of themselves可以当作一组介系词片语，修饰前面的a short ad，意思是「且包括自己的照片在内的小广告」，这样也拉得通。不过，若改为动词include，会成为对仗工整、清楚的三个动作：写广告、附照片、链接履历，用对等连接词and连接，清晰效果更佳。

8. At the age of 14, he could play ______ Tchaikovsky’s Piano Concerto No.1. (A) flawless and without hesitation (B) flawlessness and by hesitation (C) flawlessly and without hesitation (D) without flaw and by hesitation

答案：(C)

翻译：他14岁时，就能完美且毫不迟疑地演奏柴可夫斯基第一号钢琴协奏曲。

解析：空格前后一对逗号可以当作一组括弧，里面放的修饰语应该是副词类，用来修饰前面的动词could play，故(A)、(B)可先排除，因为其中的flawless是形容词、flawlessness是名词。(C)与(D)都是副词，但是(D)中的without flaw（零缺点）是肯定语气，对等连接词and后面的by hesitation（出于犹豫）却是否定语气，前后语气不一致。正确答案是(C)，flawlessly是副词，without hesitation是介系词片语，可以当副词使用，词类相同，符合平行对称要求。

9. Professor Francis Dwyer was best known for his work in instructional design, but he also excelled as a poet, ______, and a deer-hunter. (A) as a musician (B) by playing music (C) a musician (D) he played music (E) being a musician

答案：(C)

翻译：弗朗西斯·德怀尔教授最出名的是在教学设计方面的研究，但他也是杰出的诗人、音乐家，以及猎鹿人。

解析：对等连接词and要求平行对称，后面的a deer-hunter是名词片语，可知前面的空格也是名词片语，和空格前的a poet三者并列，共用介系词as，故选(C) a musician。

10. The newspaper is an important means for people to obtain information, and its ______ and availability make it the most popular mass medium at all levels of a community. (A) versatile (B) versatiling (C) versatility (D) versatiled

答案：(C)

翻译：报纸是民众获得信息的重要方式。它的功能多元且容易取得，使其成为社会各阶层最通行的大众媒体。

解析：对等连接词and后面是名词availability，为了符合平行对称的要求，前面的空格也应使用名词，因此(C)应改为versatility，两个名词共用所有格限定词its。

11. Fliers touting various candidates covered bulletin boards, students ______ and debated hot topics and a week without some sort of political rally was a rarity. (A) discuss (B) discussed (C) discussing (D) to discuss

答案：(B)

翻译：吹捧不同候选人的传单布满布告栏，学生们讨论并辩论热门话题。若是一整周没有任何政治集会，是很稀奇的事。

解析：(B)部分的后面有对等连接词and，其后连接的是过去简单式动词debated，为了符合平行对称的要求，前面也应该是过去简单式动词，因此(B)应改为discussed。

12. Although science offers the hope of reducing the use of pesticides and ______ plants from being eaten by insects, there are difficult environmental questions raised by the genetically modified plants. (A) prevent (B) preventing (C) prevented (D) to prevent

答案：(B)

翻译：虽然科学提供了减少农药使用并能防止植物被昆虫吃掉的一线希望，但是基因改造作物仍然产生了一些棘手的环境问题。

解析：(A)和(B)之间有对等连接词and，前后连接的内容要平行对称，(A)构成动名词片语reducing the use of pesticides，后面也应该动用名词片语，因此(B)应改为preventing。

13. It begins at the age of six ______ the Elementary School Leaving Examination. (A) and leads to (B) then leading to (C) which lead to (D) which leading to (E) when leading to

答案：(A)

翻译：它从六岁开始，一直到小学毕业考试。

解析：如果想写成分词从句而选(B)，前面应该有个逗号和主要子句隔开，而且不该用then，应该写成It begins at the age of six, leading to … then暗示前后连接的内容是对等的，分词从句是用于表示因果、条件等关系。(C) which lead to …是关系子句，动词lead是复数动词，但前面找不到复数先行词，故不对。(D) which leading to …像是关系子句，却没有限定动词，结构错误。(E) when leading to …看起来是分词从句，但和(B)一样缺少逗号。正确答案(A)用对等连接词and连接前面的动词begins与后面的动词leads，符合平行对称要求。

14. As Father’s Day draws near, Taiwan fathers ______ more time with their kids and to do their share of domestic chores in order to create happy families. (A) urge to spend (B) are urged to spend (C) urged to spending (D) are urged to spending

答案：(B)

翻译：父亲节脚步近了。台湾的父亲们被敦促要多花时间陪孩子，多做分内的家事，才能打造幸福的家庭。

解析：空格后有对等连接词and，后面是不定词片语to do，表示前面也要用不定词片语和它对称，故(C)、(D)可先排除。(A)与(B)的差别在于动词urge（敦促，鼓励）的语态。主词是Taiwan fathers，根据句意可知动词应该是被动语态，表示「被敦促要去做什么」比较合理，故选(B)。

15. Hundreds of so-called “flash mobs” following e-mail instructions suddenly ______ a location, acted out a loose script, and then quickly dispersed after a preset time. (A) converge (B) converged on (C) converging (D) to converge

答案：(B)

翻译：数百名所谓的「快闪族」遵照电子邮件的指示，突然聚集在一个地点、演出一段松散的剧本，预定时间一到就迅速解散。

解析：句子最后有对等连接词and，后面是过去简单式动词dispersed，前面也有过去简单式动词acted，可知道是用对等连接词并列三个动作，空格处应该是另一个过去简单式动词，故选(B) converged on。

16. Consumers are beginning to take notice of electric cars because they are quiet, cause no air pollution, and ______. (A) gasoline is not used (B) not use gasoline (C) do not use gasoline (D) using no gasoline

答案：(C)

翻译：消费者开始注意到电动车，是因为它安静、无污染、不用汽油。

解析：对等连接词and前面有两个由动词引导的叙述：are quiet和cause no air pollution，为了符合平行对称的要求，空格也应该是这样的结构，因此(C)应改为do not use gasoline，三个叙述共用相同的主词they。

17. To me, a good breakfast consists of fresh bread, an egg or two, some good jam, and drinking two cups of coffee with milk and sugar. 找出错误并改正

答案：two cups of coffee

翻译：对我来说，一顿好的早餐包含新鲜的面包、一两个蛋、好的果酱，还有两杯加了糖和牛奶的咖啡。

解析：对等连接词and前面有三个关于食物的名词片语：fresh bread, an egg or two, some good jam，可知后面要接一个相同结构的名词片语。因此要删去drinking，留下two cups of coffee with milk and sugar，符合平行对称的要求。

18. Having worked with the elderly for several years, Mrs. Huang knows how important it is to behave kindly and ______ toward them. (A) thoughtfulness (B) thoughtful (C) thoughtfully (D) with thoughtful

答案：(C)

翻译：和长者共事多年，黄女士知道对他们态度和善、体贴是非常重要的。

解析：对等连接词and前面是方法状态副词kindly，为了符合平行对称的要求，后面应改为方法状态副词thoughtfully，两者共同修饰动词behave。虽然介系词片语with thoughtfulness可以当副词使用，那样的话文法也没错，但修改后修辞效果更佳。

19. Poverty devastates families, communities and nations; it causes ______ and political unrest and fuels conflict. (A) instable (B) instability (C) instably (D) instabilize

答案：(B)

翻译：贫穷摧毁家庭、社会、国家。它造成不安定与政治动乱，并且助长冲突。

解析：(C)与(D)之间有对等连接词and，后面是抽象名词political unrest，可知前面也应该用名词，因此(C)应改为instability。

20. All of the following are grammatically accurate EXCEPT which one? (A) The current ecological crisis demands a radical redesign of how we live and organize our societies. (B) These changes are in urgent need and thus have to be implemented immediately. (C) By greening our cities with street trees, urban parks, and community and rooftop gardens, we can keep ourselves cooled, and fostering happiness and social connection. (D) Thanks to the heat generated by traffic and industrial activities, urban air temperature is often higher than in rural environments. (E) Hotter cities compel urban citizens to opt for air conditioners in order to stay cool, which further strains energy demands and worsens the heat in the city.

答案：(C)

翻译：透过行道树、都市公园、社区花园以及屋顶花园进行都市绿化，我们可以让自己更凉爽，同时还能培养幸福感与社会联结。

解析：对等连接词and要求前后平行对称。(C)后面有分词片语fostering happiness and social connection，但在句子前面找不到结构对称的内容。仔细观察and前面的句型，句子的主词是we，接着有can加上原形动词keep，因此and后面连接的动词也应该与其对称，fostering要改为foster才对。

21. Not since Richard Nixon has a U.S. President been indicted for abuse of power and obstruction of justice, or ______ office under the threat of impeachment. (A) leave (B) leaves (C) left (D) leaving

答案：(C)

翻译：自尼克松以来，就没有哪位美国总统因为滥权与妨碍司法而遭到起诉，也没有人在弹劾的威胁之下离职。

解析：从内容来看，这句是并列了「被起诉」与「离职」两个动作，对等连接词or之前是has been indicted，后面连接的动词应该符合平行对称的要求，所以是has left office。把重复的部分省略，因此(C)应改为过去分词left，和前面(B)里的been共用文法助动词has。

22. The briefings that rely on asking people ______ what they have just been through may not necessarily bring cathartic help to those who have suffered traumatic events. (A) to reconstruct in vivid detail to go back (B) to go back and reconstruct in vivid detail (C) to reconstruct in vivid detail that they go back (D) to go back that they have reconstructed in vivid detail

答案：(B)

翻译：有一种简报方式是要求别人回想、回溯，仔细重建他们刚刚经历过的事，这种方式对那些遭受创伤事件的人而言，不见得能带来真正宣泄的帮助。

解析：空格前的动词是ask，后面应该搭配不定词当受词补语，因为要求某人做事，强调的是「去做」、「要去」做。根据句意，这是并列了两个动作，分别是to go back和to reconstruct…，应该用对等连接词and连接，成为to go back and to reconstruct…，然后省略一个重复的to，就是(B)。

23. Once a week, patients who have tried and ______ to treat their tuberculosis line up, frustrated and frightened, outside his small office. (A) fail (B) failed (C) failing (D) to fail

答案：(B)

翻译：每周一次，尝试过却未能治好肺结核的病人来到他小小的办公室外面排队，感到挫折又害怕。

解析：由关系代名词who引导的形容词子句有两个动词，一个是have tried，一个是have failed。用对等连接词and连接起来之后，可以省略重复的have，成为have tried and failed，因此(B)要改为failed。

24. On Saturdays, Frances gets up early to do laundry and cleaning her room. 找出错误并改正

答案：clean

翻译：每逢星期六，法兰西斯早起洗衣服并打扫房间。

解析：对等连接词and前面有不定词片语to do laundry，后面也应该是不定词片语to clean her room。重复的to可以省略一个，所以要把and后面的cleaning改为clean。

25. The industrial development of a country ______ a sufficient supply of raw materials, but also on a stable source of electricity. (A) not only depending on (B) depends on not only (C) depends not only on (D) not depends only on

答案：(C)

翻译：国家的工业发展，依靠的不只是充分的原料供应，还有稳定的电源。

解析：句子后面有对等连接词but also，可知前面要搭配相关字组not only。在but also后面是on引导的介系词片语，前面必须是相应的结构，故选(C) depends not only on。

26. The perception of attractiveness is multimodal, meaning it ______ just one factor, such as physical appearance, but rather multiple factors, including body odor and voice. (A) reliant on (B) relies on not (C) relying not (D) reliant not

答案：(B)

翻译：判断「是否有吸引力」是多因素的，意思是它不只是由单一因素决定，例如外貌，而是取决于多重因素，包括体味、声音。

解析：(B)错得很明显：文法助动词does not后面要接原形动词，不能用形容词reliant。至于要怎么改则要思考一下：句意说的是「不是由单一因素决定」，后面有but rather，可知是相关字组not…but的结构。(B)应改为动词relies on，加上not表示否定。not后面是名词片语just one factor（单一因素），下文but rather后面则是名词片语multiple factors（多重因素），两者符合平行对称要求。

27. Whether as general, emperor, ______ author, Julius Caesar was fated to enjoy enduring fame throughout much of the world. (A) or (B) and (C) but (D) nor

答案：(A)

翻译：不论身份是将军、皇帝，还是作家，凯撒命中注定要在世界大部分地区享受永垂不朽的名声。

解析：疑问副词whether是由either改写而来，搭配的相关字组是either…or，因此whether也应该和or搭配，(A)应改为or。

28. Charles Dickens is ______. (A) famous not only in England but also in America (B) not only famous in England but also in America (C) not famous only in England but in America also (D) not famous in England only but also in America

答案：(A)

翻译：狄更斯不只在英国十分有名，在美国也享有盛名。

解析：相关字组not only A but also B中，A部分和B部分要严格平行对称，而且不能省略。可能的选项只有(A)，其中not only与but also之间是介系词片语in England，后面是介系词片语in America，两者结构相同，符合平行对称的要求。

29. Many people see robots not as threatening creatures ______ beneficial machines that are helping us with our boring, difficult work. (A) and (B) and as (C) but (D) but as

答案：(D)

翻译：许多人不将机器人视为造成威胁的生物，而将它们视为有益的机器，可以帮我们处理枯燥、困难的工作。

解析：空格前有not，配合上下文判断，可知应使用相关字组not…but…，其中not之后是介系词片语as threatening creatures，后面but之后也必须是介系词as引导的片语，故选(D)。

30. At the end of the game, ______ the coach and the players were exhausted. (A) both (B) either (C) also (D) too

答案：(A)

翻译：比赛结束时，教练和球员都累坏了。

解析：the coach和the players之间有连接词and，根据句意判断，是指「教练和球员都累坏了」，应使用相关字组both…and，故选(A)。

31. Write down ______ your home phone number and your number at the office. (A) both (B) either (C) not only (D) neither

答案：(A)

翻译：请写下你的住家电话和办公室电话。

解析：句中有连接词and，根据句意判断，是指「住家电话和办公室电话都写」，应使用相关字组both…and，故选(A)。

32. Drinks are provided in a set meal, but you can only have one. In fact, you are allowed to choose ______ tea or coffee. (A) both (B) too (C) also (D) either

答案：(D)

翻译：套餐有附饮料，但只能选一种。事实上，只能选茶或者咖啡。

解析：句中有连接词or，并且根据句意判断，上文说「只能选一种」，所以下文应该是说「茶或者咖啡」，应使用相关字组either…or，故选(D)。

33. My father enjoys not only reading poems but also ______. (A) novels (B) novels too (C) reading novels (D) reads novels

答案：(C)

翻译：我父亲不仅喜欢读诗，也喜欢看小说。

解析：本句的相关字组是not only A but also B，其中A与B两部分严格要求对称，而且不得省略。not only后面是reading poems，那but also后面就要用同样的结构，故选(C) reading novels。

34. Balloons have been used in various wars not only to direct artillery fire and report troop movements ______ to carry bombs and protect against planes. (A) however (B) but (C) but also (D) and also

答案：(C)

翻译：气球在许多战争中被使用过，不只用来引导炮火与报告部队移动，还用来携带炸弹与防止飞机来袭。

解析：句子前面有not only，连接to direct…，空格后面又有to carry…，可知是用相关字组not only…but also…。(C)应改为but also才对。

35. One student at the school was not yet 15, yet he was already a master of ______. (A) both chess and in bridge (B) both chess and of bridge (C) both in chess and bridge (D) both chess and bridge

答案：(D)

翻译：这所学校有一位学生还不满15岁，但已经是西洋棋与桥牌大师。

解析：选项中的相关字组是both A and B，其中的A与B两部分要严格符合对称要求，如此一来只能选(D) master of both chess and bridge。

36. The pomp and splendor on display last month in London convinced millions around the world to not only watch the wedding ceremony of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, but also ______ the extravaganza the “wedding of the century.” (A) dubbed (B) dub (C) dubbing (D) to dub

答案：(B)

翻译：上个月在伦敦展示的排场与气派，让全世界数百万人不只要观看剑桥公爵与公爵夫人的婚礼，还把这场盛大的场面称为「世纪婚礼」。

解析：句子最后有but also，可知是用到了相关字组not only A but also B，其中A与B部分严格要求对称。(D)里的not only后面连接的是原形动词watch，所以在相关字组but also后也要连接原形动词，故(A) dubbed应改为dub才对。

37. The key to complexity is not more genes ______ more combinations and interactions generated by a few units of codes. (A) nor (B) or (C) and (D) but

答案：(D)

翻译：复杂性的关键不在于更多的基因，而在于由少数编码单元产生的更多组合与交互作用。

解析：这题要使用相关字组not A but B，表示关键「不是A而是B」，所以空格要填入but，选(D)。

38. Martha said she would contact me, but she ______. (A) either phoned or wrote (B) neither wrote nor phoned (C) phoned or wrote either (D) nor wrote or phoned

答案：(B)

翻译：玛莎说她会联系我，但她既没写信也没打电话来。

解析：逗号后有连接词but，暗示了语气转折，可知最后应该是没有联络。因此空格是要表示「没有写信也没有打电话」，正确的相关字组是neither…nor，故选(B) neither wrote nor phoned，意思是两者都没做。

Chapter 16 对等子句

重要观念

1. 对等连接词 and, or, but 可连接对等子句。

2. 对等子句要求平行对称，若有重复可省略。

1. As John F. Kennedy reminded America in his inaugural address in 1961, “________,” but think about how you can contribute to your country. (A) ask not what your country can do for you (B) ask not your country for you what can do (C) not ask you can for your country what do (D) not ask you can do your country for what

答案：(A)

翻译：正如约翰·肯尼迪在1961年就职演说中提醒美国人的：“不要问国家能为你做什么，而要想想你能为国家贡献什么。”

解析：“为某人做某事”是do something for someone，根据下文，空格表示“国家能为你做什么”，正确答案(A)。肯尼迪原文为Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country. 用破折号取代but，前后为对仗工整的对等子句；句首否定用老式ask not，更正式、对称。

2. Patrick Henry famously proclaimed in his speech during the American Revolution: “Give me liberty or give me ________.” (A) dead (B) death (C) died (D) dying

答案：(B)

翻译：帕特里克·亨利在美国革命期间的著名演讲中宣称：“不自由，毋宁死！”

解析：or为对等连接词，连接的两个子句要求对称。前面受词是抽象名词liberty，后面受词也应用抽象名词，故选(B) death。

3. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days ________ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. (A) since (B) or (C) but (D) so

答案：(C)

翻译：传统婚礼耗时久且丰富多彩。以前会持续三天，但到了20世纪80年代，通常只持续一天半。

解析：空格前后是两个完整子句，前句“持续三天”，后句“只有一天半”，语义相反，用对等连接词but，故选(C)。

4. The friends we met in Australia promised to write ________ we never heard from them again. (A) but (B) although (C) because (D) except (E) without

答案：(A)

翻译：我们在澳大利亚认识的朋友答应会写信，但我们再也没有收到他们的消息。

解析：空格前后为完整子句。(B) although是从属连接词，使句子有主从之分；(A) but是对等连接词，两句地位平等，且具有否定上文、强调转折的功能，效果更好。

5. I saw a man at your front door last night. The man was apparently trying to open the door, ________ he didn’t seem to have the right key. (A) when (B) but (C) who (D) and

答案：(B)

翻译：昨晚我看到你家门口有个男人。他显然想开门，但似乎没有正确的钥匙。

解析：上下文“想开门”和“没有钥匙”语义相反，用对等连接词but，正确答案(B)。

6. Statistics have shown that there are only slightly fewer males than females in the field of education, ________ it is generally believed that the vast majority of teaching professionals are women. (A) since (B) or (C) yet (D) and

答案：(C)

翻译：统计数据显示，教育领域男性只比女性略少，但人们普遍认为教师绝大多数是女性。

解析：上下文语义相反，只有(C) yet符合。yet可作对等连接词（相当于but）或连接副词（相当于however），此处作连接词使用。

7. We must deal with the problem now, ________ it will be too late. (A) yet (B) nor (C) or (D) so

答案：(C)

翻译：我们必须现在处理这个问题，否则就太晚了。

解析：根据逻辑关系，空格表示“否则、不然的话”，用or，故选(C)。

8. Exercise is healthy, ________ climbing stairs and cycling improperly can hurt your knees. (A) yet (B) so (C) however, (D) but

答案：(D)

翻译：运动有益健康，但爬楼梯和骑自行车方式不当会伤到膝盖。

解析：上下文“有益健康”和“伤到膝盖”语义相反。前后都是完整子句，需要连接词，故选(D) but；(C) however是连接副词，不能直接连接对等子句。

9. The brothers hadn’t seen each other for thirty years and ________ they recognized each other instantly. (A) however (B) yet (C) despite (D) also (E) even

答案：(B)

翻译：这对兄弟三十年没见，但立刻认出了彼此。

解析：上下文“三十年未见”与“立刻认出”语义相反。两句已有对等连接词and，不需重复连接词，选用表相反关系的连接副词yet，正确答案(B)。

10. The glaciers in the Arctic are disappearing rapidly because of global warming, ________, the weather around the world has become unpredictable. (A) hence (B) so that (C) moreover (D) and as a result

答案：(D)

翻译：由于全球变暖，北极冰川正在迅速消失，结果全球天气变得难以预测。

解析：空格前后为完整子句，需要连接词，排除(A)(C)。(B) so that是从属连接词，引导结果副词子句，不用逗号隔开。正确答案(D)用对等连接词and连接两个对等子句，并用as a result作连接副词表因果。

11. The effects of second-hand smoke are known, ________ many smoke in restaurants. (A) however (B) except for (C) if not (D) and yet

答案：(D)

翻译：大家都知道二手烟的危害，但仍有许多人在餐厅抽烟。

解析：上下文“知道危害”与“在餐厅抽烟”语义相反，两个完整子句需用连接词，故选(D)，and为对等连接词，yet作连接副词使用。

12. Hospitals are competing for a decreasing market share; ________, they are attempting to discover the most cost-effective and highest quality care. (A) however (B) on the whole (C) in other words (D) for example (E) consequently

答案：(E)

翻译：各家医院都在争夺不断缩小的市场份额；因此，他们试图找出最具成本效益且最高质量的护理方式。

解析：前后子句用分号隔开，空格后有逗号，需用副词。上下文为因果关系，故选(E) consequently（因此）。

13. The common cold can make you feel very miserable; therefore, staying at home in bed. 找出错误并改正

答案：you should stay

翻译：普通感冒会让你非常难受；因此，你应该待在家里卧床休息。

解析：分号取代对等连接词and，连接两个对等子句。对等子句要求对称，左边是完整子句，右边不是，应将staying改为you should stay，成为符合对称要求的完整子句。

14. She couldn’t think of any good reasons for going ________, she stayed. (A) consequently (B) in other words (C) furthermore (D) otherwise

答案：(A)

翻译：她想不出任何去的好理由；因此，她留下来了。

解析：前后为完整子句，用分号取代对等连接词。根据语意，前后为因果关系，选用表结果的连接副词(A) consequently。

15. She is in very good shape; consequently, she exercises regularly. 找出错误并改正

答案：She exercises regularly; consequently, she is in very good shape.

翻译：她经常锻炼；因此，她身材保持得很好。

解析：原句因果关系颠倒。对等子句用分号连接，搭配连接副词表逻辑，正确逻辑应为“经常锻炼”导致“身材好”。

16. Patrick’s schooling was not continuous; ________ he read all of the business-related books found in the library. (A) nonetheless (B) while (C) thus (D) since

答案：(A)

翻译：帕特里克的学业并不连贯；尽管如此，他还是读完了图书馆里所有能找到的商业相关书籍。

解析：前后为完整子句，分号已具备连接功能，应填入副词。上下文语义相反，故选(A) nonetheless（尽管如此）。

17. The violence looked spontaneous; ________. (A) it was anything but (B) but nothing could be sure (C) although it looked otherwise (D) although it did

答案：(A)

翻译：这场暴力事件看起来是自发的；但事实绝非如此。

解析：分号取代对等连接词，连接两个对等子句，(B)(C)(D)使用连接词，不可选。(A)省略重复的spontaneous，完整为it was anything but spontaneous，表示“绝非自发”。

18. February normally has 28 days, but every fourth year, ________ has 29. (A) there (B) its (C) is a leap year (D) a leap year, it

答案：(D)

翻译：二月通常有28天，但每四年是闰年，就会有29天。

解析：对等连接词but后子句中，a leap year是同位语。前后子句主语都是February，用it代替；受词29 days重复可省略，用29代替，结构为every fourth year, a leap year, it has 29，故选(D)。

19. (A) For seven years, Spanish censorship did not (B) allow Juan’s name (C) to be mentioned or (D) his works (E) from being published. 找出错误并改正

答案：(E) to be

翻译：七年来，西班牙新闻审查不允许提及胡安的名字，也不允许出版他的作品。

解析：对等连接词or后原本是对称结构：…allow his works to be published，与前面完全对称，用不定词短语作受词补语。连接后重复部分可省略，成为or his works to be published，故(E)改为to be。

20. “________ our street friends is one thing, and maintaining the dignity of the temple is another thing,” Mr. Chuang said firmly. (A) Sympathizing and looking (B) Sympathizing and looking after (C) Sympathizing with and looking after (D) Sympathizing with and looking

答案：(C)

翻译：庄先生坚定地说：“同情并照顾街友是一回事，维护寺庙尊严又是另一回事。”

解析：对等连接词and连接两个对等子句，后面主语为maintaining，前面主语也应用动名词sympathizing。sympathize为不及物动词，需加with接受词；look也为不及物动词，需加after接受词。省略重复部分后为sympathizing with and looking after our street friends，故选(C)。

21. Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country, ________. (A) and Mexico does (B) Mexico doesn’t either (C) neither Mexico does (D) neither Mexico

答案：(B)

翻译：加拿大不要求美国公民持护照入境，墨西哥也一样。

解析：对等连接词and连接两个对等子句。为避免重复，用助动词do代替动词以下部分，成为Mexico doesn’t either。若用neither放句首需倒装：neither does Mexico。

Chapter 17 名词子句

重要观念

1. 疑问句改造成的名词子句，代表一个「问题」。陈述句改造成的名词子句，代表一项「叙述、事实」。

2. 改造时，WH-疑问句删去问号、取消倒装即可；Yes/No Question要加上从属连接词whether或if；陈述句要加上无意义的从属连接词that。

3. 名词子句放在主要子句的名词位置，可以当作主语、宾语、补语、同位语。

1. If you tell him your date of birth, he can tell you ________ it fell on. (A) what day of the week (B) which date of a week (C) what date of some week (D) which day of a week

答案：(A)

翻译：如果你告诉他你的生日，他就能告诉你那天是星期几。

解析：日期是date，星期几是day of the week。问句What day of the week did your birthday fall on?取消倒装后为what day of the week it fell on，作tell的宾语，故选(A)。

2. You should ascertain ________ the man is being teased by friends or challenged by acquaintances. (A) when (B) so (C) thus (D) if

答案：(D)

翻译：你应该确定一下，此人是受到朋友逗弄，还是被不太熟的人挑衅。

解析：原句为一般疑问句，改为名词子句需加whether/if表示「是否」，此处if引导名词子句作ascertain的宾语，故选(D)。

3. ________ he will come or not is still open to question. (A) The fact that (B) That (C) What (D) Whether

答案：(D)

翻译：他是否会来仍然是个未知数。

解析：与or not连用表示「是否」，只能用whether引导名词子句作主语，故选(D)。

4. I have no idea ________ the young woman is that drives Sarah’s school bus. (A) who (B) whom (C) whoever (D) whomever

答案：(A)

翻译：我不知道开莎拉校车的那位年轻女士是谁。

解析：疑问词在子句中作表语，用主格who，引导名词子句作idea的同位语，故选(A)。

5. A historian does not only describe events, but tries to explain ________ to occur in the first place. (A) to what causes them (B) what causes them (C) to them what causes (D) what to cause them

答案：(B)

翻译：历史学家不只是描述事件，还试图解释这些事件最初是由什么引起的。

解析：what在子句中作主语，无需倒装，直接用what causes them作explain的宾语，故选(B)。

6. Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know ________ you’re going to get. (A) that (B) which (C) for which (D) what

答案：(D)

翻译：人生就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道会拿到什么。

解析：what引导名词子句作know的宾语，在子句中作get的宾语，表示「什么」，故选(D)。

7. How long a minute ________ depends on ________ side of the bathroom door you are on. (A) was I that I at (B) are I how I in (C) to be I whether I on (D) is I which I on

答案：(D)

翻译：一分钟有多长，取决于你在浴室门的哪一侧。

解析：第一空为名词子句作主语，用陈述语序how long a minute is；第二空为which引导的名词子句，介词用on，故选(D)。

8. Even professional marketers are never sure ________ some new products are runaway successes while others fail miserably. (A) for (B) why (C) since (D) that

答案：(B)

翻译：就连专业营销人员也无法确定，为何有些新产品大获成功，而有些却一败涂地。

解析：why引导名词子句作sure的同位语，表示原因，故选(B)。

9. Historians are still mystified by the question ________ some ancient civilizations disappeared suddenly in history. (A) that (B) how (C) is how (D) that is

答案：(B)

翻译：历史学家仍然对某些古文明为何在历史上突然消失感到困惑。

解析：how引导名词子句作question的同位语，表示方式、原因，故选(B)。

10. Psychologists hypothesized ________ his odd behavior was caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. (A) where (B) when (C) which (D) that

答案：(D)

翻译：心理学家假设他怪异的行为是由大脑中的化学失衡引起的。

解析：陈述句改造为名词子句，加that引导，作hypothesized的宾语，故选(D)。

11. Reports have recommended ________ colleges should prize good teaching as well as good research. (A) not only (B) such as (C) that (D) where

答案：(C)

翻译：多项报告建议，大学应该重视优质教学，也要重视优秀研究。

解析：that引导名词子句作recommended的宾语，故选(C)。

12. The meteorologist says that if we have another six inches of rain this summer, ________. (A) that we will no longer have a rainfall deficit (B) that we would no longer have a rainfall deficit (C) we would no longer have a rainfall deficit (D) we will no longer have a rainfall deficit

答案：(D)

翻译：气象学家表示，如果今年夏天再下六英寸的雨，我们就不会再有降雨不足的问题了。

解析：that已引导名词子句，无需重复；条件句为现在时，主句用将来时will，故选(D)。

13. The old formula of John Dewey was ________ any teaching that bores the student is likely to fail. (A) what (B) that (C) which (D) no matter

答案：(B)

翻译：杜威的经典公式是，让学生感到枯燥的教学注定会失败。

解析：that引导名词子句作表语，子句结构完整，故选(B)。

14. When did you realize ________ you had made a spelling mistake? (A) so (B) such (C) that (D) because

答案：(C)

翻译：你是什么时候意识到自己拼错单词的？

解析：that引导名词子句作realize的宾语，故选(C)。

15. Statistics show that after the speed limit had been reduced, ________. (A) many accidents will not occur (B) not so many accidents were happening (C) fewer were accidents (D) fewer accidents took place

答案：(D)

翻译：统计数据显示，限速降低后，事故减少了。

解析：名词子句用陈述语序，过去时间用一般过去时took place，故选(D)。

16. Lying out in the sun to change skin color is a popular activity in many parts of the world, despite the fact ________. (A) too much sun which can cause skin cancer (B) that too much sun can cause skin cancer (C) too much sun causing skin cancer (D) of too much sun can cause skin cancer

答案：(B)

翻译：为了改变肤色而晒太阳在世界很多地方都很流行，尽管暴晒会引发皮肤癌。

解析：that引导名词子句作fact的同位语，故选(B)。

17. ________ she was always ready to give a helping hand did not go unnoticed by her teachers. (A) If (B) Who (C) What (D) That

答案：(D)

翻译：她总是乐于助人，这一点并没有被老师们忽视。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，位于句首不可省略，故选(D)。

18. It is doubtful ________ a new order from Trump would immediately put a travel ban back ________ place. (A) what I on (B) which I at (C) whether I in (D) that I under

答案：(C)

翻译：特朗普的新命令是否能立即恢复旅行禁令，这一点还不确定。

解析：whether引导名词子句作真正主语；put in place为固定搭配，表示「实施、恢复」，故选(C)。

19. ________ of the two great Greek epics the Iliad is perhaps the earlier. (A) It is believed that (B) That the belief (C) The belief that (D) To believe that

答案：(A)

翻译：人们认为，在两部希腊史诗中，《伊利亚特》可能更早。

解析：it作形式主语，that引导名词子句作真正主语，故选(A)。

20. Though ________ new energy sources will be developed, we must reduce our consumption of fossil fuels. (A) there are likely (B) there is the likelihood of (C) it is likely that (D) it is a likelihood that

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然很可能会开发出新的能源，但我们必须减少化石燃料的消耗。

解析：it is likely that为固定句型，that引导名词子句作真正主语，故选(C)。

21. The ground swell of public opinion made ________ the President’s energy proposals. (A) it inevitable that the Senate would approve (B) it inevitable of the Senate to approve (C) inevitable the approval of the Senate of (D) the approval of the Senate inevitable of

答案：(A)

翻译：民意高涨，使得参议院必然会通过总统的能源提案。

解析：it作形式宾语，that引导名词子句作真正宾语，故选(A)。

22. The manager nodded, although it was not at all clear ________ he was agreeing. (A) who (B) whom (C) to whom (D) with whom

答案：(D)

翻译：经理点了点头，但完全不清楚他在同意谁的看法。

解析：agree with sb.为固定搭配，with whom引导名词子句作真正主语，故选(D)。

23. ________ for four days alone in the woods was a miracle. (A) The child could survive (B) Why the child survived (C) That the child survived (D) When the child survived

答案：(C)

翻译：这个孩子独自在森林里存活了四天，这是一个奇迹。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，句首不可省略；子句陈述事实而非问题，故选(C)。

24. ________, has been known to everyone in the group. (A) He is a fool, which you may not agree to (B) Because he is a fool, you may not agreeing to (C) That he is a fool, to which you may not agree (D) He is a fool, where you may not agree to

答案：(C)

翻译：他是个傻瓜，这一点你可能不认同，但小组里每个人都知道。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，to which引导定语从句修饰前面整件事，故选(C)。

25. ________ is important to the student advisory council. (A) All students pay the same amount of tuition (B) All students who pay the same amount of tuition (C) Those who pay the same amount of tuition (D) That all students pay the same amount of tuition

答案：(D)

翻译：所有学生缴纳相同数额的学费，这一点对学生咨询委员会很重要。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，句首不可省略，谓语为单数is，故选(D)。

26. ________ are addictive and unhealthy remains largely unacknowledged by the tobacco industry. (A) This (B) That (C) Those tobacco products (D) That tobacco products

答案：(D)

翻译：烟草制品会让人上瘾且有害健康，这一点烟草行业基本上不予承认。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，不可省略，故选(D)。

27. ________ the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans was caused not merely by a powerful storm but primarily by fatal engineering flaws in the city’s flood protection system has been proved by experts. (A) While (B) That (C) This (D) However (E) Which

答案：(B)

翻译：专家已经证实，新奥尔良的特大洪水不仅是强风暴造成的，主要原因是城市防洪系统存在致命工程缺陷。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，位于句首不可省略，故选(B)。

28. ________ journalists manipulate the order of the information to achieve more drama or other effects in their writing is inherent in all journalism. (A) While (B) Which (C) That (D) However (E) Thus

答案：(C)

翻译：记者在写作中调整信息顺序以增强戏剧性或其他效果，这是所有新闻行业的固有现象。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，子句结构完整，故选(C)。

29. ________ Mother Teresa is a selfless person is well known to most people. (A) What (B) Such that (C) This (D) That

答案：(D)

翻译：特蕾莎修女是一个无私的人，这一点大多数人都知道。

解析：that引导名词子句作主语，句首不可省略，故选(D)。

30. It has not been decided yet ________ for our four-day family trip. (A) where we will go (B) where will we go (C) will we go abroad (D) we will go abroad

答案：(A)

翻译：我们四天的家庭旅行要去哪里，还没有决定。

解析：where引导名词子句作真正主语，用陈述语序，故选(A)。

31. ________ of an event that occurred years ago is a subject of interest to many researchers. (A) Animals speak (B) How animals speak (C) How did animals speak (D) Did animals speak

答案：(B)

翻译：动物如何讲述多年前发生的事情，是许多研究者感兴趣的课题。

解析：how引导名词子句作主语，用陈述语序，故选(B)。

32. We do not understand why ________ properly. (A) the car is not run (B) is the car not running (C) is the car not run (D) the car is not running

答案：(D)

翻译：我们不明白为什么这辆车运转不正常。

解析：why引导名词子句作宾语，用陈述语序，主动进行时，故选(D)。

33. Brainwaves are measured in studies of sleep states to determine how deeply ________. (A) a sleeping subject (B) is a subject sleeping (C) a subject is sleeping (D) sleeping is a subject

答案：(C)

翻译：在睡眠状态研究中会测量脑波，以判断受试者的熟睡程度。

解析：how引导名词子句作宾语，用陈述语序，故选(C)。

34. The job of a demographer is to investigate ________ in specific locations. (A) are there many people (B) how many people are there (C) how many people there are (D) there are how many people (E) how people are there

答案：(C)

翻译：人口统计学家的工作是调查特定地区有多少人口。

解析：how many引导名词子句作宾语，用陈述语序there are，故选(C)。

35. The parallax measurement is used in survey studies to tell how far away ________. (A) is an object distant (B) distant is an object (C) an object is distant (D) a distant object is

答案：(D)

翻译：视差测量用于勘测研究，以判断远处物体的距离。

解析：how far引导名词子句作宾语，用陈述语序，故选(D)。

36. Matilda’s parents never realized ________. (A) what had happened (B) where did they go wrong (C) how smart was their daughter (D) why was it important to be honest

答案：(A)

翻译：玛蒂尔达的父母从未意识到发生了什么。

解析：what引导名词子句作宾语，陈述语序，what在子句中作主语，无需倒装，故选(A)。

37. Do you know when ________ Taipei for Paris? (A) did he leave (B) did he left (C) he left (D) he was left

答案：(C)

翻译：你知道他什么时候离开台北去巴黎的吗？

解析：when引导名词子句作宾语，陈述语序，主动语态，故选(C)。

38. If you (A) were to ask John what (B) did he do with his money, he (D) would have difficulty (E) remembering. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) he did

翻译：如果你问约翰他的钱怎么花的，他很难记起来。

解析：what引导名词子句作ask的宾语，需用陈述语序he did，而非疑问句语序did he do。

39. All of the following are grammatically accurate EXCEPT which one? (A) The destruction of Saint Patrick cathedral is lamentable. (B) This historical building has been largely destroyed by fire; however, we should not despair. (C) We are immersed in a Western way of thinking that equates authenticity with preserving the original, natural materials used to create an object or building. (D) Some societies have quite different notions of what are authenticity. (E) Several world-famous iconic buildings have been successfully restored.

答案：(D)

翻译：有些社会对于什么是本真性有着截然不同的观念。

解析：what引导名词子句作of的宾语，需用陈述语序what authenticity is，且authenticity为不可数名词，动词用is。

40. Vivian’s parents asked us when ________ leaving. (A) were we (B) we were (C) did we (D) we did

答案：(B)

翻译：薇薇安的父母问我们什么时候离开。

解析：when引导名词子句作ask的宾语，陈述语序we were，故选(B)。

41. Scientists have uncovered an important clue to ________ a vegetarian diet may protect against breast cancer. (A) being that (B) why (C) the reason for (D) that

答案：(B)

翻译：科学家发现了一条重要线索，可以解释为什么素食有助于预防乳腺癌。

解析：介词to后不可接that子句，why引导名词子句表示「为什么」，作to的宾语，故选(B)。

42. Human ingenuity and the laws of physics are a dynamic combination. The question of whether life and intelligence exist elsewhere in the universe ________ planetary systems are common or a unique aberration. (A) hinges on if (B) interacts with that

答案：(D) hinges on whether

翻译：人类的创造力和物理定律是无限的动态组合。宇宙其他地方是否存在生命与智慧，这个问题取决于行星系统是普遍存在还是太阳系独有的特例。

解析：介词on后不可用if引导名词子句，需用whether，故选(D)。

43. The reason why Jenny is popular is ________ she is always willing to offer a helping hand. (A) for (B) that (C) what (D) when

答案：(B)

翻译：珍妮受欢迎的原因是她总是乐于助人。

解析：固定句型The reason is that…，that引导名词子句作表语，不可用because，故选(B)。

44. The reason that Barbara doesn’t know how to manage her financial affairs is ________ she has never been entrusted with the responsibility. (A) because (B) that (C) it (D) due to

答案：(B)

翻译：芭芭拉不懂理财的原因是她从未被赋予过这种责任。

解析：The reason后接that子句作表语，正式文体不用because，故选(B)。

45. The (A) reason for her depression (B) is (C) because she had had an abortion and (D) felt pangs of conscience (E) afterwards. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) that

翻译：她抑郁的原因是她堕过胎，之后感到良心不安。

解析：The reason后表语从句用that引导，不可用because，故(C)改为that。

Chapter 18 副词子句

重要观念

1. 陈述句外加有意义的从属连接词，成为副词子句。

2. 疑问句除去问号、取消动词倒装，成为名词子句；前面加 No matter（或疑问词加 -ever），就成为副词子句。

1. Just ________ the printing press massively amplified the power of authors, so the web is massively amplifying the impact of speakers. (A) because (B) because of (C) as (D) as if

答案：(C)

翻译：正如印刷机大幅放大了作家的力量，同样地，网络也大幅放大了演讲者的影响力。

解析：固定搭配 just as…, so…，as 为从属连接词，引导方式副词子句，表示「正如，如同」。

2. Some small animals have ________ a high metabolism ________ they must eat several times their own weight each day to stay alive. (A) such / as (B) either / or (C) such / that (D) not only / but also

答案：(C)

翻译：有些小动物新陈代谢率极高，以至于每天必须吃掉数倍于自身体重的食物才能存活。

解析：such + 名词短语 + that 子句，that 引导结果副词子句，表示「如此……以至于……」。

3. It was ________ weather that we all went out for a walk. (A) so fine (B) so fine a (C) such fine (D) much a fine

答案：(C)

翻译：天气如此好，于是我们都出去散步了。

解析：weather 为不可数名词，用 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that 结构。

4. It was ________ cold recently that I caught a bad cold which lasted for two weeks. (A) so (B) too (C) very (D) such

答案：(A)

翻译：最近天气太冷，以至于我得了一场重感冒，持续了两周。

解析：so + 形容词 + that 子句，引导结果副词子句；such 后必须接名词。

5. The tsunami was horrible and damaging that the residents would remember it for the rest of their lives. (A) so (B) far (C) both (D) more

答案：(A)

翻译：这场海啸可怕又极具破坏力，居民们余生都会铭记。

解析：so + 形容词 + that 结构，引导结果副词子句。

6. The (A) symptoms of diabetes in the early stages are (B) so slight that people don’t notice (C) them. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) them

翻译：糖尿病初期症状非常轻微，人们不会注意到。

解析：so…that 结果副词子句，动词 notice 后需宾语，指代 symptoms 用 them。

7. The newly-developed computer program (A) was user-friendly that (B) our staff were able to (C) master it in (D) a matter of days. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) was so user-friendly

翻译：新开发的电脑程序非常易用，我们员工几天就掌握了。

解析：需用 so + 形容词 + that 结构，引导结果副词子句。

8. There are (A) so few jobs in banking at the moment that you’re not really in a position (B) to pick and choose. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) so

翻译：目前银行业职位太少，以至于你根本没有挑选的余地。

解析：so few + 复数名词 + that 结构，引导结果副词子句。

9. No sooner (A) had the words (B) been spoken (C) than he (D) realized that he (E) should have remained silent. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) than

翻译：话一出口，他就意识到自己本该保持沉默。

解析：固定句型 no sooner…than…，表示「一……就……」，no sooner 置于句首需倒装。

10. Some problems are (A) relatively simple; others are (B) so complex that there is no way (C) to solve (D) them. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) so

翻译：有些问题相对简单；有些则极其复杂，根本无法解决。

解析：so + 形容词 + that 结构，引导结果副词子句。

11. Nobody knew when she was born. She herself had no idea, ________ when she came into the world there was no census yet. (A) except it (B) that (C) except that (D) except for

答案：(C)

翻译：没人知道她的出生日期。她自己也不清楚，只知道她出生时还没有人口普查。

解析：except that 为固定搭配，后接句子，引导副词子句，表示「除了……之外」。

12. We cannot say that men’s characters improve in proportion ________ their knowledge increases, nor can we say the opposite. (A) to (B) for (C) as (D) with

答案：(C)

翻译：我们不能说人的品格与知识增长成正比，也不能说成反比。

解析：in proportion as 为连接词，后接句子，引导方式副词子句，表示「成正比」。

13. One of the informants eventually professed ignorance of the crime, ________ fear that his testimony would lead to reprisals against him by his former confederates. (A) ignorant of the crime, having (B) ignorantly to the crime, with (C) ignorance of the crime, since (D) ignorance of the crime, for

答案：(D)

翻译：其中一名线人最终宣称对罪行一无所知，因为害怕证词会招致昔日同伙报复。

解析：for fear that 固定搭配，引导目的副词子句，表示「唯恐，生怕」。

14. ________ was the entrance exam ________ only ten percent of all participants passed it. (A) So difficult / that (B) So easy / that (C) So difficult / if (D) So easy / if

答案：(A)

翻译：入学考试太难，以至于只有百分之十的考生通过。

解析：so + 形容词置于句首倒装，so…that 引导结果副词子句。

15. I could not persuade him to seek professional counseling, ________ hard I tried. (A) however (B) whoever (C) whatever (D) whenever

答案：(A)

翻译：我怎么劝他去寻求专业咨询都没用。

解析：however + 形容词/副词，引导让步副词子句，相当于 no matter how。

16. The United States shares cultural and linguistic heritage originating in Europe, and ________ some points of traditional European etiquette apply to America, especially in more formal settings and ________ European culture is strongest. (A) such / where (B) such as / whichever (C) as such / wherever (D) as / when

答案：(C)

翻译：美国承袭欧洲文化与语言传统，因此部分欧洲传统礼仪适用于美国，尤其在正式场合与欧洲文化浓厚的地方。

解析：wherever 引导地点副词子句，表示「无论哪里」。

17. No matter how ________, many people have escaped from big cities to rural areas. (A) inconvenient country life may be (B) country life may be inconvenient (C) may country life be inconvenient (D) country life which may be inconvenient

答案：(A)

翻译：无论乡村生活多不方便，仍有许多人逃离城市前往乡村。

解析：no matter how + 形容词 + 陈述语序，引导让步副词子句。

18. ________ how difficult the situation may seem, it is very important to remember that there are others who are in worse situations. (A) As if (B) Even so (C) As though (D) No matter

答案：(D)

翻译：无论情况看起来多困难，都要记住还有人处境更糟。

解析：no matter how 引导让步副词子句，表示「无论多么」。

19. No matter ________, Julie often throws up at the sight of blood and she believes that she has a calling to serve as a nurse. (A) how ridiculous it seems (B) how seems it ridiculous (C) ridiculous how (D) that how is ridiculous

答案：(A)

翻译：无论看起来多荒谬，朱莉一见血就吐，却坚信自己天生适合当护士。

解析：no matter how + 形容词 + 陈述语序，引导让步副词子句。

20. ________ diligently you may study, you cannot master English in a month. (A) Neither (B) Either (C) Hardly (D) Whatever (E) However

答案：(E)

翻译：无论你多用功，都不可能在一个月内精通英语。

解析：however + 副词，引导让步副词子句，相当于 no matter how。

21. Mary is criticized as a “fallen woman” for her extramarital affair with the boss. ________ hard she tries to prove her ability in the workplace, she never gains the credit she deserves. (A) However (B) Whatever (C) How (D) Whoever (E) No matter what

答案：(A)

翻译：玛丽因与老板有婚外情被批评为「堕落女性」。无论她多努力证明工作能力，都得不到应有的认可。

解析：however + 形容词，引导让步副词子句。

22. Without continued learning throughout all the years of one’s adult life, no one can become a truly educated person, ________ good his schooling has been. (A) whatever (B) whoever (C) however (D) whichever

答案：(C)

翻译：成年后若不持续学习，无论受过多好的学校教育，都无法成为真正有教养的人。

解析：however + 形容词，引导让步副词子句。

23. ________, heat is produced. (A) The mixing together of certain chemicals (B) Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together (C) Certain chemicals mixed together (D) That certain chemicals are mixed together

答案：(B)

翻译：每当某些化学物质混合在一起时，就会产生热量。

解析：whenever 引导时间副词子句，表示「每当」。

24. ________ what strategy is used, a business cannot prosper without a clear understanding of the dynamics of politics and without the support of public opinion. (A) However (B) No matter (C) Although (D) In spite of

答案：(B)

翻译：无论采用何种策略，企业若不懂政治动态、没有民意支持，就无法繁荣。

解析：no matter what 引导让步副词子句，表示「无论什么」。

25. His short stay in New York City during his teenage years was very important to author Ian Johansson, ________ provided the background to several of his bestselling novels. (A) which (B) since then (C) it has (D) for it

答案：(D)

翻译：作家伊恩·约翰森青少年时期在纽约的短暂停留对他至关重要，因为这段经历为他几本畅销小说提供了背景。

解析：for 引导原因副词子句，it 指代前文的短暂停留。

26. The process of predicting a general theory from known details is called inductive reasoning, ________, is called deductive reasoning. (A) while the opposite, predicting details from a known general theory (B) in spite of the opposite, predicting details from a known general theory (C) while the opposite, predicts details from a known general theory (D) since the opposite predicts details from a known general theory

答案：(A)

翻译：从已知细节归纳出理论的过程称为归纳推理；而相反，从已知理论推演细节的过程称为演绎推理。

解析：while 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

27. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, ________ communicate through facial expressions and by making noises. (A) however (B) they (C) furthermore (D) who

答案：(B)

翻译：早在孩子会说话、懂语言之前，他们就会通过表情和声音交流。

解析：long before 引导时间副词子句，主句主语用 they 指代 children。

28. ________ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’s productivity. (A) For concentrations of salt (B) Salt concentrations that (C) If salt concentrations (D) With concentrations of salt

答案：(C)

翻译：如果盐分没有从土壤中流失，就需要复垦措施恢复土地生产力。

解析：if 引导条件副词子句。

29. Americans have come to fear the West Nile virus, ________. (A) being transmitted by the common mosquito (B) for transmitting by the common mosquito (C) because it is transmitted by the common mosquito (D) for being transmitted by the common mosquito

答案：(C)

翻译：美国人开始害怕西尼罗河病毒，因为它由普通蚊子传播。

解析：because 引导原因副词子句。

30. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the sun. (A) when does the earth’s atmosphere trap (B) does the earth’s atmosphere trap (C) when the earth’s atmosphere traps (D) the earth’s atmosphere traps

答案：(C)

翻译：当地球大气层捕捉太阳辐射热量时，温室效应就产生了。

解析：when 引导时间副词子句，用陈述语序。

31. ________ corn is usually believed to be the favorite vegetable in this country, broccoli is actually the vegetable people like best. (A) Despite (B) However (C) Actually (D) While

答案：(D)

翻译：虽然人们通常认为玉米是本国最受欢迎的蔬菜，但实际上西兰花才是大家最爱。

解析：while 引导让步副词子句，表示「虽然」。

32. Jenny is very kind to her next-door neighbor, ________ her neighbor is not easy to get along with. (A) besides (B) except (C) but (D) even though

答案：(D)

翻译：珍妮对隔壁邻居很好，尽管邻居很难相处。

解析：even though 引导让步副词子句。

33. Christopher Columbus found a New World and a new people ________ he hoped to reach Asia. 找出错误并改正

答案：(D) although

翻译：哥伦布发现了新世界与新族群，尽管他原本想去亚洲。

解析：despite 是介词，后不能接句子；需改为 although 引导让步副词子句。

34. ________ he has conducted many useful research projects in paleontology and related subjects, scientist Stephen Jay Gould is best known for his popular essays. (A) Nevertheless (B) Even (C) Although (D) Despite

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然古生物学家史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德做过许多有用的研究，但他最出名的是通俗散文。

解析：although 引导让步副词子句。

35. ________ the opponents of Julius Caesar were steadfast in their struggle against him, the tale of Julius Caesar is filled with ambition, glory, and ultimately, tragedy. (A) Now that (B) However (C) In terms of (D) In spite of (E) Because of

答案：(A)

翻译：既然凯撒的反对者坚定反抗他，凯撒的故事便充满野心、荣耀与最终的悲剧。

解析：now that 引导原因副词子句，表示「既然」。

36. ________ we want to explore whether children’s exposure to the Internet increases their verbal behaviors, we should conduct an empirical study. (A) To suppose (B) Supposing (C) Supposed (D) Suppose (E) Being supposed

答案：(B) 或 (D)

翻译：如果我们想探究儿童接触网络是否会增加言语行为，就应该做实证研究。

解析：supposing / suppose 均可引导条件副词子句，表示「如果」。

37. Although the baseball game was very exciting, ________. (A) it was very long (B) and it was very long (C) but it was very long (D) and long

答案：(A)

翻译：虽然棒球比赛很精彩，但时间太长了。

解析：although 与 but 不能同时使用。

38. Although Ponce de Leon didn’t find the “Fountain of Youth” which he (B) had sought (C) but he (D) did discover a beautiful area of land (E) named Florida. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) 删去 but

翻译：虽然庞塞·德莱昂没有找到他追寻的「青春之泉」，但他确实发现了一片美丽土地，命名为佛罗里达。

解析：although 与 but 不能同时使用。

39. Though blacks (A) were emancipated (B) with the end of the Civil War in 1865, (C) but the first black senator was not (D) elected into office until 1966. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) 删去 but

翻译：虽然黑人在1865年内战结束后获得解放，但直到1966年才有第一位黑人参议员当选。

解析：though 与 but 不能同时使用。

40. Some experts attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” ________ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. (A) because (B) unless (C) though (D) until

答案：(A)

翻译：一些专家认为拥抱能减压、有益健康，是因为会释放催产素（常被称为「亲密荷尔蒙」），它能促进情感依恋，包括母婴联结。

解析：because 引导原因副词子句。

41. ________ available research doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility. (A) After (B) Until (C) While (D) Since

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然现有研究并未证明幸福感能让企业增加投资或放眼长远，但作者认为它至少暗示了这种可能。

解析：while 引导让步副词子句，表示「虽然」。

42. The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry ________ the woman must wait some months. (A) while (B) so what (C) once (D) in that

答案：(A)

翻译：离婚男性再婚没有等待期，而女性必须等待数月。

解析：while 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

43. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, ________ they can build a new house nearby. (A) whereas (B) until (C) for (D) if

答案：(B)

翻译：传统上新婚夫妇会与女方父母同住，最多住一年，直到他们在附近建好新房。

解析：until 引导时间副词子句，表示「直到」。

44. ________ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family. (A) Although (B) Lest (C) After (D) Unless

答案：(C)

翻译：选定配偶后，双方家庭都会互相调查，确保孩子嫁/娶到好人家。

解析：after 引导时间副词子句。

45. Commutes with communication were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, ________ human beings thrive off of social connections. (A) unless (B) since (C) if (D) whereas

答案：(B)

翻译：据报道，通勤时与人交流会更愉快，这很合理，因为人类依靠社交联结成长。

解析：since 引导原因副词子句。

46. ________ Mother was cooking in the kitchen, I was watching TV in the living room. (A) As soon as (B) No sooner (C) Until (D) While

答案：(D)

翻译：妈妈在厨房做饭时，我在客厅看电视。

解析：while 引导时间副词子句，强调主从句动作同时进行。

47. You should not misinterpret your parents’ silence. Your parents love you dearly ________ they may never say so openly. (A) if (B) even though (C) after (D) even

答案：(B)

翻译：你不要误解父母的沉默。他们非常爱你，尽管可能从未公开说出口。

解析：even though 引导让步副词子句。

48. ________ we fail, the very mistakes we make will be invaluable. (A) Even though (B) Even so (C) No matter (D) Until

答案：(A)

翻译：即使我们失败，所犯的错误也会无比珍贵。

解析：even though 引导让步副词子句。

49. Like most people, I’ve been using a mobile phone and a laptop ________ they became cheap to use. (A) for which (B) whether (C) yet (D) since

答案：(D)

翻译：和大多数人一样，自从手机和笔记本电脑变得便宜后，我就一直在用。

解析：since 引导时间副词子句，常与完成时连用。

50. The hindsight bias refers to a pervasive tendency for people to be remarkably adept at inferring a process ________ the outcome is known but be unable to predict outcomes ________ only the processes and precipitating events are known. (A) although / if (B) once / when (C) where / for

答案：(B)

翻译：事后偏见指人们一旦知道结果，就很擅长推断过程；但只知道过程与诱因时，却无法预测结果。

解析：once / when 均引导时间副词子句。

51. ________ Mr. Pennington retires, he will receive an annual pension of more than fifty thousand dollars from Packard Inc. (A) Often (B) Once (C) Whoever (D) Sometimes

答案：(B)

翻译：彭宁顿先生一旦退休，每年就能从帕卡德公司领取五万多美元养老金。

解析：once 引导条件副词子句，表示「一旦」。

52. Educational expenses are tax-deductible ________ the taxpayer can show that these expenses enhanced his or her professional skills or expertise. (A) only if (B) as if (C) as many as (D) as much as

答案：(A)

翻译：只有纳税人能证明教育支出提升了专业技能，才能抵税。

解析：only if 引导条件副词子句，表示「只有」。

53. In turn, your patient should have an opportunity to ask questions to elicit a better understanding of the treatment or procedure, ________ he or she can make an informed decision to proceed or to refuse a particular course of medical intervention. (A) most importantly (B) due to (C) in virtue of (D) so that

答案：(D)

翻译：相应地，你的病人应有机会提问以了解治疗方案，以便在充分知情后决定接受或拒绝医疗干预。

解析：so that 引导目的副词子句。

54. My roommate can fall asleep under any conditions, but I can’t get to sleep ________ the light is off and the room is completely quiet. (A) whether (B) since (C) although (D) unless

答案：(D)

翻译：我室友在任何环境下都能睡着，但我除非关灯、房间完全安静，否则睡不着。

解析：unless 引导条件副词子句，表示「除非」。

55. ________ you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty. (A) Hardly (B) Scarcely (C) Once (D) Unless (E) Not that

答案：(C)

翻译：一旦你理解这条规则，就不会再有困难。

解析：once 引导条件副词子句，表示「一旦」。

56. I would like to try, ________ you agree to give me a hand. (A) which (B) where (C) provided for (D) provided that

答案：(D)

翻译：如果你愿意帮我，我想试一试。

解析：provided that 引导条件副词子句，相当于 if。

57. ________ many women studied art more for personal pleasure than profession, the sisters readily sold their art works. (A) Whereas (B) Whatever (C) No matter when (D) Whether

答案：(A)

翻译：虽然许多女性学艺术是出于个人乐趣而非职业，但这对姐妹却欣然出售作品。

解析：whereas 引导让步/对比副词子句。

58. ________ everyone can now buy designer handbags and new cars, the rich have taken to using much more tacit signifiers of their social position. (A) Because of (B) Although (C) Up to (D) Given that

答案：(D)

翻译：既然现在人人都买得起名牌包和新车，富人便开始用更隐晦的方式彰显社会地位。

解析：given that 引导原因副词子句，表示「既然」。

59. There was a time when people anticipated racial prejudice to eventually dissipate ________ a more enlightened and better-educated group of youth replaced generations of racial chauvinism and bigotry throughout the world. (A) through (B) though (C) as (D) for

答案：(C)

翻译：曾有一段时间，人们期待当全球更开明、高学历的年轻人取代种族沙文主义与偏执的世代后，种族偏见终将消散。

解析：as 引导时间副词子句，相当于 when。

60. It has been reported that the distribution of wealth is very uneven in the highly capitalist countries. Most of the wealth is in the hands of a privileged few, ________ the majority are stricken with poverty. (A) whereas (B) if (C) because (D) as well as (E) since

答案：(A)

翻译：据报道，高度资本主义国家财富分配极不均。大部分财富掌握在少数特权阶层手中，而大多数人深陷贫困。

解析：whereas 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

61. The teacher job is to make sure that indigenous students maintain their own language and culture, ________ it means that they learn English more slowly. (A) besides (B) after all (C) whether (D) whatever (E) even if

答案：(E)

翻译：老师的责任是确保原住民学生保留自己的语言与文化，即使这意味着他们学英语更慢。

解析：even if 引导让步副词子句，表示「即使」。

62. She looks so somber, ________ she’s about to read a death sentence—her own. (A) even (B) though (C) as if (D) by which (E) hence

答案：(C)

翻译：她神情阴郁，仿佛即将宣读死刑判决——而且是她自己的。

解析：as if 引导方式副词子句，表示「仿佛，好像」。

63. ________ the field of reputation management is relatively new, it has changed significantly because Yelp, Yahoo and other review sites are making it harder to counter a bad review by posting a positive one. (A) With (B) While (C) To (D) In (E) At

答案：(B)

翻译：虽然声誉管理行业相对较新，但因Yelp、雅虎等评论网站，靠正面评价抵消负面评价变得更难，行业已发生巨大变化。

解析：while 引导让步副词子句，表示「虽然」。

64. Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theater ________ the curtain went up. (A) when (B) than (C) which (D) what (E) that

答案：(A)

翻译：他们刚在剧院坐定，幕布就升起了。

解析：固定句型 scarcely…when…，表示「一……就……」，scarcely 置于句首需倒装。

65. Fever helps fight viral infection, so you don’t need to treat it ________ your child is uncomfortable. (A) as though (B) as of (C) now that (D) unless

答案：(D)

翻译：发烧有助于对抗病毒感染，所以除非孩子不舒服，否则不必退烧。

解析：unless 引导条件副词子句，表示「除非」。

66. ________ you come immediately, she will cry again. (A) Where (B) Until (C) Unless (D) Whether

答案：(C)

翻译：除非你马上来，否则她会再哭。

解析：unless 引导条件副词子句，表示「除非」。

67. Although we tend to think that they are basically the same animal, dolphins, porpoises and fish are not alike. Despite how similar they might seem, these three animals ________ dolphins and porpoises are mammals while fish are not. (A) different in that (B) different so that (C) differ in that (D) differ so that

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然我们常认为海豚、鼠海豚和鱼是同类，但它们并不一样。尽管看起来相似，这三种动物的区别在于海豚和鼠海豚是哺乳动物，而鱼不是。

解析：differ in that 引导原因副词子句，表示「区别在于……」。

68. The pan caught on fire ________ my mother was making breakfast. (A) as soon as (B) by the time (C) before (D) while

答案：(D)

翻译：我妈妈做早餐时，平底锅着火了。

解析：while 引导时间副词子句，强调主从句动作同时进行。

69. No late assignment is accepted, ________ the students have good reasons. (A) when (B) as long as (C) whereas (D) unless

答案：(D)

翻译：除非学生有正当理由，否则迟交作业一律不收。

解析：unless 引导条件副词子句，表示「除非」。

70. My mother was a devoted and religious woman who taught her children to believe in themselves and their ability to succeed ________ they faced poverty and prejudice. (A) so that (B) even though (C) as long as (D) as if

答案：(B)

翻译：我母亲虔诚又尽责，她教导孩子要相信自己与成功的能力，即使面对贫穷与偏见。

解析：even though 引导让步副词子句。

71. ________ people who suffer depression do not isolate themselves from social contact, they may be severely torn by suicidal tendencies. (A) Despite (B) Since (C) Although (D) If

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然抑郁症患者不会隔绝社交，但他们可能被自杀倾向严重折磨。

解析：although 引导让步副词子句。

72. There’s no annual fee ________ you use the credit card at least ten times a year. (A) unless (B) even if (C) although (D) provided that

答案：(D)

翻译：只要你一年至少刷卡十次，就免年费。

解析：provided that 引导条件副词子句，表示「只要」。

73. Workers may arrive or depart whenever they want ________ they work a total of eight hours. (A) because (B) as if (C) before (D) as long as

答案：(D)

翻译：只要累计工作八小时，员工可自由上下班。

解析：as long as 引导条件副词子句，表示「只要」。

74. All schools, ________ they are public or private, should observe the strictest sanitation standards. (A) whether (B) which (C) whatever (D) however

答案：(A)

翻译：所有学校，无论公立还是私立，都应遵守最严格的卫生标准。

解析：whether…or… 引导让步副词子句，表示「无论……还是……」。

75. After the fight, the former champion looked ________ he had been put through a meat grinder. (A) like (B) as if (C) as (D) as when

答案：(B)

翻译：比赛结束后，前冠军看起来仿佛被绞肉机碾过一样。

解析：as if 引导方式副词子句，表示「仿佛」。

76. Doctors need years of training ________ they are ready to operate on their patients. (A) before (B) after (C) as (D) since

答案：(A)

翻译：医生需要多年培训才能为病人做手术。

解析：before 引导时间副词子句，表示「在……之前」。

77. Hahn and Meitner used to work as a team at the same lab. During the 1920s, Hahn continued developing radiochemical techniques ________ Meitner entered the new field of nuclear physics. (A) whereas (B) unless (C) until (D) if

答案：(A)

翻译：哈恩与迈特纳曾在同一实验室合作。20世纪20年代，哈恩继续研发放射化学技术，而迈特纳则进入核物理新领域。

解析：whereas 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

78. The magazine has attracted many new readers ________ Mark became the managing editor. (A) if (B) once (C) since (D) while

答案：(C)

翻译：自从马克担任主编以来，这本杂志吸引了许多新读者。

解析：since 引导时间副词子句，常与完成时连用。

79. ________ you return from the United States, you have to fill out a trip report. (A) That (B) Once (C) So that (D) The sooner

答案：(B)

翻译：你一旦从美国回来，就必须填写旅行报告。

解析：once 引导条件副词子句，表示「一旦」。

80. ________ much of what you say is undoubtedly true, I want to reserve judgment until I’ve heard the other side of the story. (A) So (B) How (C) That (D) While

答案：(D)

翻译：虽然你说的大部分无疑是真的，但我想听完另一方说法再下判断。

解析：while 引导让步副词子句，表示「虽然」。

81. ________ the result of his first experiment was inconclusive, Dr. Johnson continued to search for the new subatomic particle. (A) Unless (B) Before (C) Although (D) Whether

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然第一次实验结果无定论，约翰逊博士仍继续寻找新的亚原子粒子。

解析：although 引导让步副词子句。

82. I’ve always been picky about greeting cards. ________ I am concerned, only a cheapskate would send an electronic greeting. (A) As soon as (B) As long as (C) As far as (D) As seldom as

答案：(C)

翻译：我对贺卡一向很挑剔。就我而言，只有小气鬼才会发电子贺卡。

解析：as far as I am concerned 固定搭配，引导范围副词子句。

83. The Human Comedy, a sentimental story of a family in a country at war, had special appeal because its principal characters are children ________ its perspective is adult. (A) what (B) which (C) where (D) while

答案：(D)

翻译：《人间喜剧》讲述战时一个家庭的温情故事，之所以特别动人，是因为主角是孩子，视角却是成人。

解析：while 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

84. Valen Johnson, a Duke University statistics professor, came under heavy fire from both students and faculty ________ he proposed recalculating the grade point average to give rigorously graded courses greater weight. (A) that (B) when (C) whenever (D) then

答案：(B)

翻译：杜克大学统计学教授瓦伦·约翰逊提议重新计算平均绩点、增加严格评分课程权重时，遭到师生猛烈抨击。

解析：when 引导时间副词子句。

85. The problem is who will feed the dog ________ you are out. (A) when (B) so (C) that (D) then

答案：(A)

翻译：问题是你不在时谁来喂狗。

解析：when 引导时间副词子句。

86. Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help. (A) whether (B) unless (C) so that (D) in case

答案：(D)

翻译：把你的电话号码给我，以防我需要帮助。

解析：in case 引导目的副词子句，表示「以防，万一」。

87. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ________ she could remember who last borrowed it. (A) ever since (B) much as (C) even though (D) if only

答案：(D)

翻译：借阅台资深图书管理员答应帮我找那本书，只要她能想起上次是谁借的。

解析：if only 引导条件副词子句，表示「只要」。

88. I don’t go to the disco ________ I’ve got nothing else to do. (A) unless (B) as long as (C) simply (D) still

答案：(A)

翻译：除非没事做，否则我不去迪斯科舞厅。

解析：unless 引导条件副词子句，表示「除非」。

89. I don’t mind if you come to class late ________ you come in quietly. (A) best (B) unless (C) as long as (D) please

答案：(C)

翻译：只要你悄悄进来，我不介意你上课迟到。

解析：as long as 引导条件副词子句，表示「只要」。

90. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ________ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. (A) in that (B) which (C) whereas (D) because of

答案：(A)

翻译：广告与其他传播形式的区别在于，广告主为信息传播付费。

解析：in that 引导原因副词子句，表示「在于，因为」。

91. Physical fitness exercise can cause injuries ________ the participants are not careful. (A) that (B) to (C) if (D) with

答案：(C)

翻译：如果参与者不小心，健身运动可能导致受伤。

解析：if 引导条件副词子句。

92. Please give me a call ________ you receive any further information about the case. (A) as (B) for (C) once (D) till

答案：(C)

翻译：一旦你收到案件的进一步消息，请给我打电话。

解析：once 引导条件副词子句，表示「一旦」。

93. ________ the video was posted online, the man was recognized by his neighbors. (A) No sooner (B) As long as (C) As a result of (D) As soon as

答案：(D)

翻译：视频一上传到网上，这个人就被邻居认出来了。

解析：as soon as 引导时间副词子句，表示「一……就……」。

94. Wise men seek after truth, ________ fools despise it. (A) since (B) even though (C) according as (D) whereas

答案：(D)

翻译：智者追求真理，而愚人蔑视真理。

解析：whereas 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

95. The great stone city Angkor flourished for six centuries ________ it fell in 1431. (A) as soon as (B) so that (C) because (D) until

答案：(D)

翻译：石头大城吴哥繁荣了六个世纪，直到1431年陷落。

解析：until 引导时间副词子句，表示「直到」。

96. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests. (A) despite (B) because (C) since (D) when

答案：(D)

翻译：做作业是提高考试成绩的可靠方法，对于课堂测验尤其如此。

解析：when it comes to… 固定搭配，引导时间/范围副词子句。

97. ________ some teachers guide the natural development of the child’s innate abilities, others build knowledge into the child’s mind through a systematic method of instruction. (A) Although (B) While (C) Because (D) Since

答案：(B)

翻译：有些老师引导孩子天赋自然发展，而有些老师则通过系统教学灌输知识。

解析：while 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

98. ________ T.S. Eliot published few poems, he extended a tremendous influence on modern poetic technique. (A) Because (B) Since (C) Although (D) As

答案：(C)

翻译：虽然T.S.艾略特发表的诗歌很少，但他对现代诗歌技巧影响巨大。

解析：although 引导让步副词子句。

99. Jason is very good at swimming, ________ his younger sister does not even dare to go near a swimming pool. (A) while (B) because (C) in spite of (D) after

答案：(A)

翻译：杰森很擅长游泳，而他妹妹甚至不敢靠近泳池。

解析：while 引导对比副词子句，表示「而」。

100. The manager had a serious argument with him yesterday. But ten minutes ago they walked in the office together, happily, ________ nothing had happened. (A) as (B) as long as (C) as if (D) as such

答案：(C)

翻译：经理昨天和他大吵一架。但十分钟前他们一起开心走进办公室，仿佛什么都没发生。

解析：as if 引导方式副词子句，表示「仿佛」。

101. The paper presents several findings, but none are explained in detail, as ________ in a professional report. (A) they would be (B) they do (C) it would be (D) it does

答案：(A)

翻译：这篇论文提出几项发现，但都没有详细解释，而专业报告中会详细解释。

解析：as 引导方式副词子句，省略与前文重复部分，指代 findings 用 they。

102. Popular psychologists have advocated that parents discipline male children ________ daughters. (A) like they would handle (B) as they disciplining (C) as they would (D) like they want

答案：(C)

翻译：大众心理学家主张，父母管教男孩的方式应与管教女孩相同。

解析：as 引导方式副词子句，省略重复动词 discipline。

103. Billionaire ________ Mr. Chen is, he still works long hours every day. (A) like (B) as (C) such (D) so

答案：(B)

翻译：陈先生虽然是亿万富豪，却仍然每天长时间工作。

解析：as / though 引导让步副词子句可倒装：名词 + as + 主语 + 动词。

104. My parents, ________, spared no expense to finance my education. (A) they were illiterate (B) they being illiterate (C) being illiterate as they (D) illiterate though they were

答案：(D)

翻译：我父母虽然不识字，却不惜一切供我读书。

解析：though 引导让步副词子句倒装：形容词 + though + 主语 + 动词。

Chapter 19 关系子句

重要观念

1. 有交集的两个句子加上关系词后形成关系子句，关系词是由句子中重复的元素改写而来。

2. 关系子句都是形容词子句，修饰先行词。

3. 若将先行词并入关系代名词中，改用复合关系代名词（whoever, whomever, whichever, what, whatever），后面引导的子句升格为名词子句。

4. 关系子句与先行词之间若有逗号隔开，表示该子句作为补充说明之用，不具指示功能，此时关系词不能用that，也不能省略。

1. Charles is the boy the other children tease. (A) that (B) who (C) whom (D) whose

答案：(A) 或 (B) 或 (C)

翻译：查尔斯就是那个被其他孩子捉弄的男孩。

解析：可拆为两句：Charles is the boy. / The other children tease him. 将him改写为关系词，受格可用whom，口语中who/that均可，限制性关系子句三词皆可使用。

2. On the train, we met a man ________ face was somehow familiar. The man turned out to be a famous singer. (A) whose (B) who (C) whom (D) that

答案：(A)

翻译：在火车上我们遇到一位面容似曾相识的男士，他原来是位著名歌手。

解析：先行词a man与face为所属关系，用所有格关系代名词whose。

3. Paper Dolls is the story of a young woman ________ life as a top model is destroyed by a tragic automobile accident. (A) whose (B) that

答案：(A)

翻译：《纸娃娃》讲述一位年轻女性的故事，她作为顶级模特的人生被一场悲惨车祸摧毁。

解析：先行词a young woman与life为所属关系，用whose引导关系子句。

4. Catching the Big Fish comes as a revelation to the legion of fans ________ have longed to better understand the author’s personal vision, and it is equally compelling to those who wonder how they can nurture their own creativity. (A) who have longed to better understand the author’s (B) have longed to better understand the author’s (C) with a longing to better understand the author (D) whose longing to better understand the author (E) that have better understood the author

答案：(A)

翻译：《捕捉大鱼》让大批渴望深入理解作者个人视野的粉丝豁然开朗，也同样吸引那些想知道如何培养自身创造力的读者。

解析：先行词fans指人，关系子句缺主语，用who引导。

5. There were several students ________ on the final exam. (A) they cheated (B) who cheated (C) were cheated (D) were cheating

答案：(B)

翻译：期末考试有几名学生作弊。

解析：先行词students指人，关系子句缺主语，用who cheated。

6. Mathematicians are sometimes logical people ________ nonetheless often rely on intuition or insight. (A) who (B) to whom (C) whom (D) whose

答案：(A)

翻译：数学家有时是讲求逻辑的人，但他们也常依赖直觉或洞察力。

解析：先行词people指人，关系子句缺主语，用who。

7. This girl is the only one that I can ________ my own. (A) call (B) call as (C) call to be (D) call by

答案：(A)

翻译：这个女孩是我唯一能当作自己人的人。

解析：关系子句还原为I can call the one my own，call后接复合宾语，直接用call。

8. According to recent medical reports, people ________ will probably live longer. (A) although they do not smoke (B) and do not smoke (C) do not smoke (D) who do not smoke

答案：(D)

翻译：根据最新医学报告，不抽烟的人可能更长寿。

解析：先行词people指人，关系子句缺主语，用who do not smoke。

9. The creature in the novel is an alien ________ language no one understands. (A) whom (B) which (C) that (D) whose

答案：(D)

翻译：小说里的生物是外星人，没人懂它的语言。

解析：先行词alien与language为所属关系，用whose。

10. He who laughs last ________ best. (A) laughs (B) laughed

答案：(A)

翻译：笑到最后的人笑得最好。

解析：先行词he，关系子句who laughs last，主句时态一致用laughs。

11. The doctor ________ was very gentle. (A) examined who was sick (B) who examined the sick child (C) was being examined by whom (D) examined the sick child

答案：(B)

翻译：给生病孩子检查的那位医生非常温和。

解析：先行词doctor，关系子句缺主语，用who examined the sick child。

12. A pinch batter in baseball ________, especially when a run is badly needed. (A) is a player who bats in place of the scheduled batter (B) is when someone bats in place of the scheduled batter (C) is when someone batting in place of the scheduled batter (D) is a player when batting in place of the scheduled batter

答案：(A)

翻译：棒球中的代打是指替代原定打者上场打击的球员，尤其在急需得分时。

解析：先行词a player，关系子句用who bats。

13. The man (A) was claiming to (B) have seen the flying saucer (C) arrived at the press conference last night to describe (D) what he had seen. (E) No error. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) who claimed

翻译：声称见过飞碟的男子昨晚出席记者会描述他所见。

解析：先行词the man，关系子句作定语，改为who claimed。

14. The woman which car collided with a truck was miraculous unharmed. 找出错误并改正

which → whose；miraculous → miraculously

翻译：车子与卡车相撞的那位女士奇迹般毫发无伤。

解析：所属关系用whose；修饰形容词unharmed用副词miraculously。

15. Who is the woman ________ book you borrowed? (A) whom (B) to whom’s (C) who’s (D) whose

答案：(D)

翻译：你借书的那位女士是谁？

解析：先行词the woman与book为所属关系，用whose。

16. As the storyteller speaks, each listener imagines the events that ________. (A) described (B) to be described (C) being described (D) are being described

答案：(D)

翻译：说书人讲述时，每位听众都在想象正在被描述的事件。

解析：先行词events与describe为被动关系，进行时被动are being described。

17. Elevated underemployment indicates the absence of professional job opportunities, ________ a brake on wage growth. (A) that is acting out as (B) where there turns to be (C) which in turn acts as (D) while in return it becomes (E) whereby it turns out to be

答案：(C)

翻译：高失业率意味着专业工作机会匮乏，这反过来抑制薪资增长。

解析：先行词为前面整句，非限制性用which。

18. Sting, a supporter for humanitarian and environmental causes, established the Rainforest Foundation, an organization ________. (A) whose goal is to help save the world’s rainforests (B) who goal is to help save the world’s rainforests (C) that goal is to help save the world’s rainforests (D) which goal is help save the world’s rainforests (E) whatever goal is to help save the world’s rainforests

答案：(A)

翻译：斯汀作为人道与环保事业支持者，创立了雨林基金会，该组织宗旨是拯救全球雨林。

解析：先行词organization与goal为所属关系，用whose。

19. When a patient is near death, a doctor should not be obliged to embark upon or continue heroic treatment ________ has no prospect of benefiting the patient. (A) in which (B) from which (C) which (D) whom (E) for whom

答案：(C)

翻译：病人临终时，医生不应被迫实施或继续对患者无益的激进治疗。

解析：先行词treatment指物，关系子句缺主语，用which。

20. The branch of chemistry (A) ________ studies and finds (B) ways to use raw materials (C) from farm products (D) to make industrial products (E) is called chemurgy. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) which

翻译：研究并利用农产品原料制造工业产品的化学分支称为农业化学。

解析：先行词branch指物，关系子句缺主语，用which。

21. I heard about a acupuncture clinic it also has a specialist on herbal medicine. 找出错误并改正

a → an；it → which

翻译：我听说一家针灸诊所，里面还有草药专科医师。

解析：acupuncture元音开头用an；it改为which引导关系子句。

22. The magazine that I read, it is about what to increase longevity through better health. 找出错误并改正

删去it；what to → how to

翻译：我读的那本杂志是关于如何通过保健延年益寿。

解析：关系子句that I read不可再加it；表方式用how to。

23. (A) Viewing YouTube or other video clips on the iPhone’s big screen, (B) which automatically (C) rotating to widescreen “landscape” format, (D) is a pleasure. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) rotates

翻译：在iPhone大屏观看YouTube等影片，会自动转为宽屏横向模式，非常惬意。

解析：关系子句缺谓语动词，which后用rotates。

24. Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America, ________ bright red plumage, like the cardinal, are most often designated as state birds. (A) who have (B) which have (C) those that have (D) to have their (E) that have

答案：(C)

翻译：北美数千种鸟类中，拥有鲜红色羽毛的（如主红雀）最常被选为州鸟。

解析：用those指代物种，that引导关系子句作定语。

25. Architecture is a profession ________ has always interested me. (A) who (B) which (C) whose (D) in which

答案：(B)

翻译：建筑是一直让我感兴趣的行业。

解析：先行词profession指物，关系子句缺主语，用which。

26. There is now free public transport in all major cities ________ has resulted in fewer private vehicles, cleaner air and less noise. (A) where (B) those (C) what (D) that

答案：(D)

翻译：现在各大城市都有免费公共交通，这使得私家车减少、空气更洁净、噪音更低。

解析：先行词transport指物，限制性关系子句用that。

27. The manager has directed me to write a survey ________ the latest developments in speech-recognition technology. (A) is incorporating (B) incorporation of (C) has incorporated (D) that incorporates

答案：(D)

翻译：经理指示我写一份纳入语音识别技术最新进展的调查报告。

解析：先行词survey，关系子句缺谓语，用that incorporates。

28. Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names ________. (A) which indicated their character properties (B) whose characteristic properties are indicating (C) what characterize their indicated properties (D) that indicate their characteristic properties

答案：(D)

翻译：大气层的特定层次有特殊名称，表明它们的特征属性。

解析：先行词names指物，一般现在时，用that indicate。

29. A vacuum is a space that ________ matter in it. (A) minus (B) lacking (C) not having (D) has no

答案：(D)

翻译：真空是指内部没有物质的空间。

解析：关系子句缺谓语动词，用has no。

30. The so-called transferable skills are talents you’ve acquired ________ can help an employer but ________ aren’t immediately relevant to the job you seek. 找出错误并改正

答案：第二个空填that

翻译：所谓可迁移技能是你习得的才能，它们能帮助雇主，但与你求职的工作无直接关联。

解析：并列关系子句，第二个用that引导。

31. The hospital ________ I work is very modern. (A) in where (B) in which (C) in what (D) in that

答案：(B)

翻译：我工作的那家医院非常现代化。

解析：先行词hospital表地点，关系副词where = in which。

32. They have three cars, ________ they rarely use. (A) which of two (B) two which of (C) two of which (D) of which two

答案：(C)

翻译：他们有三辆车，其中两辆很少用。

解析：部分与整体关系，数词+of which。

33. The internet-based company has two founders, ________ graduated from the same university. (A) and (B) both of whom (C) they both (D) both of them

答案：(B)

翻译：这家网络公司有两位创始人，都毕业于同一所大学。

解析：先行词founders指人，both of whom引导关系子句。

34. Our English teacher laid down some rules, one of ________ was to speak English only in class. (A) which (B) them (C) those (D) what

答案：(A)

翻译：我们英语老师定了一些规则，其中一条是上课只说英语。

解析：先行词rules指物，one of which。

35. The panel member ________ the question was addressed has a great deal of experience in community service. (A) who (B) whom (C) to who (D) to whom

答案：(D)

翻译：问题被提向的那位委员拥有丰富社区服务经验。

解析：搭配address the question to sb.，介词to提前，用to whom。

36. ________ most definitions of race are based are dictated by a handful of genes. (A) Those outward signs with which (B) Outward signs from which (C) The outward sign by which (D) The outward signs on which

答案：(D)

翻译：多数种族定义所依据的外在特征由少数基因决定。

解析：搭配base on，介词on提前，on which。

37. His philosophy reflects the diverse cultures ________ he has lived, worked, and studied. (A) during which (B) for that (C) in which (D) on that

答案：(C)

翻译：他的哲学反映了他生活、工作与求学过的多元文化。

解析：搭配live in the culture，介词in提前，in which。

38. Apes have only basic forms of the arm movements ________ humans are expert. (A) by that (B) at which (C) by which (D) at whom

答案：(B)

翻译：猿类仅掌握人类所擅长的手臂动作基础形态。

解析：搭配be expert at，介词at提前，at which。

39. The Great Depression was an international economic crisis, ________ the unemployment rate rose to 25%. (A) at which (B) during which (C) that (D) in that

答案：(B)

翻译：大萧条是一场国际经济危机，期间失业率升至25%。

解析：先行词crisis表时间，during which表示在期间。

40. There are seven ancient wonders of the world, ________ is the Great Pyramid of Giza. (A) which (B) which one (C) one of which (D) that which

答案：(C)

翻译：世界有七大古代奇迹，其中之一是吉萨大金字塔。

解析：部分与整体，one of which。

41. Next Monday there will be a seminar in ________ each one of us on the team is expected to comment on the new designs. (A) while (B) whose (C) whatever (D) which

答案：(D)

翻译：下周一将有一场研讨会，我们团队每位成员都要对新设计发表评论。

解析：先行词seminar，in which = where。

42. I am sure that the changing of colors must be a beautiful spectacle ________ I should never be tired. (A) that (B) of which (C) which (D) in that

答案：(B)

翻译：我确信色彩变换是绝美的景象，让我百看不厌。

解析：搭配be tired of，介词of提前，of which。

43. Scientists define the melting point as the temperature ________ a solid changes to a liquid. (A) which (B) when (C) which at (D) of (E) at which

答案：(E)

翻译：科学家将熔点定义为固体变为液体的温度。

解析：搭配at the temperature，介词at提前，at which。

44. Many international students like to study at National Taiwan University, ________ the faculty and facilities are top-notch. (A) that (B) which (C) whose (D) of which

答案：(D)

翻译：许多国际学生喜欢在台大读书，该校师资与设备都是一流的。

解析：the faculty and facilities of NTU，用of which。

45. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ________ could go penniless by next year. (A) the larger one (B) the larger of which (C) the largest one (D) the largest of which

答案：(B)

翻译：社保退休计划由两个信托基金组成，较大的一个明年可能耗尽。

解析：两者比较用larger，the larger of which。

46. Besides the enormous expenses needed to replace the 30 million retiring baby boomers ________ in present-day America—and to keep the inflation rate down, the cost to society will be even greater if the immigration issue is not taken care of at this time and allowed to continue boiling. (A) who are no replacements (B) for whom there are no replacements (C) whom there are no replacements (D) who replace them

答案：(B)

翻译：除了替换3000万退休婴儿潮一代所需的巨额支出，若移民问题不及时处理，社会成本将更高。

解析：搭配replacements for sb.，介词for提前，for whom。

47. In 1791, Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, ________ were ruled by elected assemblies. (A) both (B) they both (C) both of them (D) both of which

答案：(D)

翻译：1791年魁北克分为上下加拿大两区，均由民选议会统治。

解析：先行词two sections，both of which。

48. The scouts in my school were sure to visit the flooded town, ________ the condition was not known. (A) in which (B) where (C) of which (D) that

答案：(C)

翻译：我校童子军一定会探访被淹城镇，其状况尚不清楚。

解析：the condition of the town，用of which。

49. Airports continue to play a vital role in teaching people, including children, about the interconnected world ________ we live. (A) on that (B) in which (C) for what (D) of which

答案：(B)

翻译：机场在向人们（包括儿童）传授我们所生活的互联世界知识方面至关重要。

解析：live in the world，用in which。

50. Everyone has a right to park in front of the building ________ the big apartment is located. (A) in which (B) where (C) which (D) what

答案：(A)

翻译：人人有权在那栋大公寓所在的大楼前停车。

解析：located in the building，用in which。

51. Japan’s Mamiko Higa on Friday (A) birdied her final hole to maintain her lead at the US Women’s Open Championship, (B) ________ the second round (C) was delayed for two hours (D) due to thunderstorms and then (E) suspended because of darkness. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) of which

翻译：日本选手比嘉真美子周五最后一洞抓鸟保持领先，美国女子公开赛第二轮因雷雨延迟两小时，后因天黑暂停。

解析：the second round of the championship，用of which。

52. The radio waves have offered the means ________ the universe has been determined 20 billion years of age. (A) by which (B) as those (C) for what (D) all that

答案：(A)

翻译：无线电波提供了测定宇宙年龄为200亿年的方法。

解析：搭配by the means，用by which。

53. This prominent scholar trained a great number of clinical psychologists, many of ________ established their own clinics or laboratories. (A) which (B) that (C) who (D) whom (E) whose

答案：(D)

翻译：这位著名学者培养了大批临床心理学家，其中许多人创立了自己的诊所或实验室。

解析：先行词psychologists指人，介词of后用宾格whom。

54. Archaeological discoveries dating back hundreds of thousands of years have found community meeting sites ________ our ancestors gathered around fire. (A) when (B) where (C) why (D) which

答案：(B)

翻译：数十万年前的考古发现找到了先民围火聚集的社区场所。

解析：先行词sites表地点，用where。

55. The reason ________ I was feeling tired this morning was that I stayed up late last night. (A) which (B) that (C) because (D) why

答案：(B) 或 (D)

翻译：我今早疲惫的原因是昨晚熬夜。

解析：the reason后可用why或that引导关系子句。

56. State College is a small college town ________ Jason met his doctoral advisor for the first time. (A) there (B) that (C) where (D) after

答案：(C)

翻译：州立学院是个大学城，杰森在那里初次见到博士生导师。

解析：先行词town表地点，用where。

57. A supermarket is a large grocery store ________ customers select their purchases and pay for them at the exit. (A) how (B) what (C) where (D) which

答案：(C)

翻译：超市是大型食品杂货店，顾客在那里选购并在出口结账。

解析：先行词store表地点，用where。

58. Nobody could remember the name of the theater ________ we watched The Life of Pi the previous evening. (A) what (B) that (C) when (D) where

答案：(D)

翻译：没人记得前晚看《少年派的奇幻漂流》的那家影院名字。

解析：先行词theater表地点，用where。

59. The new department store is advertised as a place ________ you can find just about anything you might want to buy. (A) where (B) which (C) in there (D) in that

答案：(A)

翻译：这家新百货公司广告称是你能买到任何想买东西的地方。

解析：先行词place表地点，用where。

60. (A) In their simplest form, auctions are events (B) ________ customers (C) bid on items, and (D) whoever (E) is willing to pay the most gets to take them home. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) where

翻译：最简单的拍卖是顾客竞价的活动，出价最高者可带走物品。

解析：先行词events表地点，用where。

61. Facebook (A) has had internal question-and-answer sessions (B) ________ employees can pose questions (C) to CEO Mark Zuckerberg (D) on topics (E) ranging from the social media site itself to the direction of the company. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) where

翻译：脸书设有内部问答环节，员工可向扎克伯格提问。

解析：先行词sessions表场合，用where。

62. This is an international city ________ you can meet people from different countries. (A) when (B) which (C) where (D) who

答案：(C)

翻译：这是一座国际城市，你能在这里遇到各国人士。

解析：先行词city表地点，用where。

63. ________ I saw the Niagara Falls, I was speechless. (A) Until (B) The first time (C) Before (D) Because

答案：(B)

翻译：我第一次见到尼亚加拉大瀑布时，说不出话来。

解析：the first time引导时间状语从句，相当于when。

64. The computer has radically affected modern movies ________ are produced. (A) is the way (B) that the way (C) which way do (D) the way

答案：(D)

翻译：电脑从根本上改变了现代电影的制作方式。

解析：the way引导方式状语从句，关系词可省略。

65. (A) On weekends, many activities (B) take place on the university’s main campus, (C) ________ you find the famous (D) hundred-year-old banyan tree near the beautiful pond. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) where

翻译：周末许多活动在大学主校区举行，那里有著名的百年榕树。

解析：先行词campus表地点，用where。

66. Tremmling Inc.’s fourth-quarter report, ________ was released to the public yesterday, shows that revenues are up 5.3% over the same period last year. (A) who (B) what (C) which (D) whose

答案：(C)

翻译：特里姆林公司昨日公布的第四季度报告显示营收同比增长5.3%。

解析：非限制性关系子句，先行词report指物，用which。

67. Sherlock Holmes, ________ most criminals hate and dread, is the best-known detective in fiction. (A) who (B) whom (C) , who (D) , whom

答案：(D)

翻译：福尔摩斯是最著名的虚构侦探，令多数罪犯又恨又怕。

解析：非限制性，先行词指人，作宾语用whom，加逗号。

68. Shakespeare, ________ in Stratford-on-Avon four hundred years ago, is still England’s most famous writer. (A) lives (B) live (C) who lived (D) being living

答案：(C)

翻译：莎士比亚四百年前出生于埃文河畔斯特拉特福，仍是英国最著名作家。

解析：非限制性关系子句，用who lived。

69. The world’s highest mountain is Mt. Everest, ________ 29,000 feet and is located between Nepal and China. (A) that exceeds (B) how it exceeds (C) its excess (D) which exceeds

答案：(D)

翻译：世界最高峰是珠穆朗玛峰，海拔超29000英尺，位于中尼边境。

解析：非限制性，先行词指物，用which exceeds。

70. Helen studied abroad in 2000, ________ she just broke up with her boyfriend. (A) whom (B) which (C) when (D) what

答案：(C)

翻译：海伦2000年出国留学，那时她刚和男友分手。

解析：先行词2000表时间，用when。

71. Last night he went to a theatre, ________ he had his wallet stolen. (A) where (B) and that (C) there (D) and where (E) that is where

答案：(A)

翻译：昨晚他去剧院，钱包在那里被偷了。

解析：先行词theatre表地点，用where。

72. My sister had arranged weddings for a lot of people ________ delayed her own. (A) , which (B) who (C) whom (D) while

答案：(A)

翻译：我姐姐帮很多人筹办婚礼，这耽误了她自己的婚事。

解析：先行词为前面整句，非限制性用which。

73. In case of a divorce, each spouse retains ________ property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. (A) wherever (B) however (C) whenever (D) whatever

答案：(D)

翻译：离婚时，双方保留婚前带入的任何财产，共同财产平分。

解析：whatever引导名词子句，作retains的宾语。

74. Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is ________ a study has concluded. (A) what (B) why (C) how (D) when

答案：(A)

翻译：尽管无血缘关系，朋友与四代表亲基因相似度相当，共享约1%基因，这是一项研究得出的结论。

解析：what引导名词子句，作concluded的宾语。

75. You should be grateful to ________ helps you when you are in need. (A) whatever (B) whomever (C) wherever (D) whoever

答案：(D)

翻译：你应感激任何在你困难时帮助你的人。

解析：whoever在子句中作主语，用主格。

76. In the late sixth century B.C.E., the Athenians converted ________ seems to have been a rural celebration of Dionysus into an annual city festival. (A) what (B) that (C) of which (D) in which

答案：(A)

翻译：公元前六世纪末，雅典人将原本乡村酒神庆典改为年度城市节日。

解析：what引导名词子句，作converted的宾语。

77. Did you hear ________ they said? (A) that (B) if (C) for (D) what

答案：(D)

翻译：你听到他们说什么了吗？

解析：what引导名词子句，作hear的宾语。

78. He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ________ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate. (A) What little (B) So much (C) How much (D) So little

答案：(A)

翻译：他自称天文学专家，实则一无所知，所知甚少的内容也过时且不准确。

解析：what little引导名词子句，作主语。

79. John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work that has made him ________ today. (A) that he is (B) what he is (C) that he has (D) what he has

答案：(B)

翻译：约翰的成功与运气无关，是多年努力造就了今天的他。

解析：what引导名词子句，作made的补语。

80. John was surprised by ________ he found during the inspection. (A) what (B) that (C) which (D) where

答案：(A)

翻译：约翰对检查中发现的东西感到惊讶。

解析：what引导名词子句，作by的宾语。

81. They have no understanding of the morality of ________ they are doing. (A) what (B) which (C) that (D) it

答案：(A)

翻译：他们对自己行为的道德性毫无认知。

解析：what引导名词子句，作of的宾语。

82. Susan writes for 20 minutes about ________ comes into her head about the subject. (A) whatever (B) however (C) wherever (D) whenever

答案：(A)

翻译：苏珊花20分钟写下关于主题想到的任何内容。

解析：whatever引导名词子句，作about的宾语。

83. ________ Jane said is very clear. There is no need to ask her again. (A) It (B) That (C) What (D) Which

答案：(C)

翻译：简说的很清楚，没必要再问她。

解析：what引导名词子句，作主语。

84. The enraged Geronimo then launched ________ a 30-year guerrilla campaign against the authorities on both sides of the border. (A) that’s become (B) that becomes (C) whereby (D) what would become (E) which is become

答案：(D)

翻译：愤怒的杰罗尼莫随后发起了持续三十年的边境游击战。

解析：what引导名词子句，作launched的宾语。

85. I am glad that I went to ________ turned out to be the best game pitched by Chien-Ming Wang in 2007. (A) what (B) which (C) that (D) how

答案：(A)

翻译：我很高兴去看了那场比赛，那是王建民2007年最棒的一场先发。

解析：what引导名词子句，作to的宾语。

86. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ________ reality. (A) what it is conceived (B) that is conceived (C) what is conceived to be (D) that is being conceived of

答案：(C)

翻译：本质上，理论是对所谓现实的抽象符号化表达。

解析：what引导名词子句，作of的宾语。

87. Because the information in a relative clause normally adds to and comments upon the information in a main clause, relative clauses can help you control ________ you emphasize in your sentences. (A) of which (B) which (C) what (D) how

答案：(C)

翻译：因为关系子句信息通常补充评论主句，关系子句能帮你控制句子强调的内容。

解析：what引导名词子句，作control的宾语。

88. He didn’t live up to ________ had been expected of him. (A) what (B) that (C) which (D) how

答案：(A)

翻译：他没有辜负人们对他的期望。

解析：what引导名词子句，作to的宾语。

89. There are many cute kitties here. You can choose ________ you like. (A) that (B) of which (C) which of (D) whichever

答案：(D)

翻译：这里有很多可爱小猫，你喜欢哪个就选哪个。

解析：whichever引导名词子句，作choose的宾语。

90. Michelle Obama, the most recognizable woman in the world, is said to routinely duck reporters to have ________ a “normal” life. (A) what calls (B) what has been called (C) what she calls (D) what she has called (E) what she has been called

答案：(C)

翻译：全球最知名的米歇尔·奥巴马常躲避记者，想过她所谓的“正常”生活。

解析：what引导名词子句，作have的宾语。

91. The behavior of gases is explained by ________ scientists call the kinetic theory. (A) scientists who call (B) what do scientists call (C) scientists they call (D) scientists call it (E) what scientists call

答案：(E)

翻译：气体行为可用科学家所谓的动力学理论解释。

解析：what引导名词子句，作by的宾语。

92. For every inch you tilt your head forward, the pressure on your spine doubles. So if you’re looking at a smartphone in your lap, your neck is holding up ________ feels like 20 or 30 pounds. 找出错误并改正

答案：填what

翻译：头部每前倾一英寸，脊椎压力加倍，低头看手机时脖子承受相当于二三十磅的重量。

解析：what引导名词子句，作holding up的宾语。

93. ________ I would like you to work on is the revision exercise on the website. (A) Who (B) What (C) How (D) That

答案：(B)

翻译：我希望你做的是网站上的复习练习。

解析：what引导名词子句，作主语。

94. Whoever stole those computers ________ a mystery. (A) remains (B) remain (C) remaining (D) are remaining

答案：(A)

翻译：偷电脑的人至今仍是谜。

解析：whoever引导名词子句作主语，谓语用单数remains。

95. ________ is notable about Obama’s trip to India is that cultural events make up the bulk of the schedule. (A) Wherein (B) However (C) That (D) What

答案：(D)

翻译：奥巴马印度之行的特别之处在于行程以文化活动为主。

解析：what引导名词子句，作主语。

96. ________ brings about particular allergic reactions is usually referred to as an allergen. (A) Those (B) There (C) When (D) Whatever

答案：(D)

翻译：任何引发特定过敏反应的物质通常称为过敏原。

解析：whatever引导名词子句，作主语。

97. ________ these examples have in common is that knowledge seems to arise from within the mind. (A) Which (B) How (C) When (D) What

答案：(D)

翻译：这些例子的共同点是知识似乎源于内心。

解析：what引导名词子句，作主语。

98. Great people share, ________ is ________ made George Allen one of the greatest football coaches. (A) which…which (B) which…that (C) which…what (D) what…what

答案：(C)

翻译：伟人懂得分享，这正是造就乔治·艾伦成为顶级足球教练的原因。

解析：which指代前句，what引导名词子句。

99. Christmas is to Americans ________ Lunar New Year is to Chinese. (A) when (B) what (C) which (D) for

答案：(B)

翻译：圣诞节之于美国人，正如春节之于中国人。

解析：固定句型A is to B what C is to D。

100. Can you tell me ________ I have learned through hands-on activities can be applied? (A) that (B) where what (C) what when (D) since what

答案：(B)

翻译：你能告诉我我从实践中学到的知识能用在何处吗？

解析：where引导疑问子句，内含what引导的名词子句。

101. ________ the boy said was not very polite. (A) How (B) What (C) Which (D) Why

答案：(B)

翻译：男孩说的话不太礼貌。

解析：what引导名词子句，作主语。

102. ________ delights her parents most is her decision not to give up easily. (A) What (B) How (C) Why (D) That

答案：(A)

翻译：最让父母高兴的是她决定不轻易放弃。

解析：what引导名词子句，作主语。

103. When we put on thick woolen clothing, ________ in the woolen loops that protects us from the cold. (A) the air (B) that air (C) which air (D) there is the air

答案：(A)

翻译：穿上厚毛衣时，是羊毛圈里的空气为我们御寒。

解析：分裂句it is…that，被强调主语the air。

104. Jack never likes me; ________ is my sister that he is crazy about. (A) it (B) she (C) who (D) there

答案：(A)

翻译：杰克从不喜欢我，他痴迷的是我姐姐。

解析：分裂句it is…that。

105. This year ________ the US drug-czar Barry McCaffery who came to celebrate America’s successful drug policy. (A) when (B) while (C) which (D) it was

答案：(D)

翻译：今年是美国禁毒专员巴里·麦卡弗里前来庆祝美国禁毒政策成功。

解析：分裂句it was…who。

106. ________ that carried the tradition of 19th century American Realism to its highest level. (A) Thomas Eakins (B) Thomas Eakins’ paintings (C) Why it was Thomas Eakins (D) Thomas Eakins and his paintings (E) It was the painter Thomas Eakins

答案：(E)

翻译：正是画家托马斯·艾金斯将19世纪美国现实主义传统推向顶峰。

解析：分裂句it was…that。

107. ________ in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was signed. (A) It was (B) There was (C) Whenever (D) While

答案：(A)

翻译：《独立宣言》正是在1776年签署的。

解析：分裂句it was…that。

108. According to estimates, as many people have been killed by fireworks ________ were killed in the Revolutionary War. (A) many people were killed (B) so many people killed (C) many people have killed (D) as were killed

答案：(D)

翻译：据估计，烟花致死人数与独立战争阵亡人数相当。

解析：as…as比较结构，as充当准关系代词。

109. Elvis Presley is a famous American singer and actor, ________ is known to everyone. (A) as (B) it (C) so (D) what

答案：(A)

翻译：猫王是美国著名歌手演员，众所周知。

解析：as充当准关系代词，指代前句。

110. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ________ going on in the world. (A) it is (B) as is (C) there is (D) what is

答案：(B)

翻译：没人有时间阅读或听闻世界上发生的一切。

解析：as充当准关系代词，as is going on。

111. Deforestation can also increase breeding sites for vector-borne diseases, such as ________ with mosquito habitat and malaria in the Peruvian Amazon. (A) occur (B) occurring (C) to have occurred (D) occurred

答案：(D)

翻译：砍伐森林会增加病媒传播疾病滋生地，如秘鲁亚马逊地区曾出现的蚊子栖息地与疟疾。

解析：such as后用as occurred，as为准关系代词。

112. The secret of popular writing is never to put more on a given page ________ the common reader can lap off. (A) which (B) what (C) than (D) that

答案：(C)

翻译：通俗写作秘诀是一页内容绝不超过普通读者轻松吸收的范围。

解析：more…than比较结构，than为准关系代词。

113. You may as well not know a thing at all ________ know it but imperfectly. (A) as (B) to (C) when (D) do

答案：(A)

翻译：一知半解，不如全然不知。

解析：as…as比较结构，as为准关系代词。

114. To be honest, today’s dinner was just so-so. It wasn’t such a good one ________ promised by the boss. (A) that (B) which (C) as (D) what

答案：(C)

翻译：老实说，今晚晚餐一般，没有老板承诺的那么好。

解析：such…as结构，as为准关系代词。

115. The literary expressions of happiness enjoyed by Spanish women form the focus of this study, ________ exemplified in the writings of the three Mexican women. (A) are (B) as (C) and (D) which

答案：(B)

翻译：西班牙女性的幸福文学表达是本研究重点，三位墨西哥女作家作品可为例证。

解析：as为准关系代词，as exemplified。

116. There is no one ________ wishes peace. (A) who (B) but (C) that (D) whom

答案：(B)

翻译：没有人不希望和平。

解析：but为准关系代词，表否定，no one but = who does not。

Chapter 20 主词动词一致性

重要观念

单数主词用单数动词，复数主词用复数动词。

1. (A) People’s and companies’ decisions (B) to spend or hoard, (C) hire or fire, (D) reflects fickle (E) hopes and fears. 找出错误并改正

答案：(D) reflect

翻译：不论是人民还是公司，决定要消费或储蓄、聘用或解雇，都反映了多变的希望与恐惧。

解析：主词是decisions（复数），动词需用复数reflect。考题常故意拉开主词与动词距离，考查一致性。

2. The success of (A) recent independent films (B) like Jump, Boys, The Road in the Air, and Let It Be (C) signal a new era (D) for Taiwanese audiences and their preferences. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) signals

翻译：近期几部独立电影的成功，代表新时代的到来，反映出台湾观众与他们的偏好。

解析：主词是the success（单数），动词需用单数signals。

3. (A) As the Asian economic miracle (B) spreads throughout the Pacific, wage increases everywhere (C) affecting (D) millions of consumers. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) are affecting

翻译：随着亚洲经济奇迹扩及整个太平洋地区，各地的薪资上涨正影响数百万消费者。

解析：主词是wage increases（复数），动词需用复数are affecting。

4. I (A) told you (B) not to mention my plan to anyone. Now everyone in the office (C) know about my plan (D) to open my own company. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) knows

翻译：我告诉过你不要把我的计划告诉任何人。现在办公室里每个人都知道我要开公司了。

解析：主词是everyone（单数），动词需用单数knows。

5. (A) Since the conditions (B) governing the transport of pets on trains (C) subject to modifications, it is (D) advisable to check before travelling (E) by visiting the Services section of the website. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) are subject

翻译：火车宠物运输的规定可能变更，出行前最好上网查询服务页面。

解析：主词是conditions（复数），动词需用复数are subject。

6. I am sure that our system (A) seems as odd to you as yours (B) do to us. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) does

翻译：我相信，我们的制度在你看来很奇怪，就像你的制度在我们看来一样。

解析：比较结构中，yours指代your system（单数），助动词用单数does。

7. An employment survey revealed that demand for high-level executives ________ decreased unexpectedly this year. (A) was (B) has (C) have (D) were

答案：(B)

翻译：就业调查显示，今年高阶主管的需求意外下降。

解析：主词demand（单数），主动语态，用has。

8. After the theft of his wife’s cell phone, Conrad take better care for his own cell phone. 找出错误并改正

答案：take → takes/has been taking；for → of

翻译：妻子手机被盗后，康拉德更小心保管自己的手机。

解析：主词Conrad（单数），动词用takes/has been taking；固定搭配take care of。

9. The top three students in the class is going to receive awards. 找出错误并改正

答案：is → are

翻译：班上前三名学生将获得奖励。

解析：主词top three students（复数），动词用are。

10. Who are going to cook dinner for me tonight. 找出错误并改正

答案：are → is；句末用问号

翻译：今晚谁要为我做晚饭？

解析：疑问词who作主词，动词用单数is；疑问句句末用问号。

11. Once every two or three years each classroom ________ cleaned and then painted. (A) are (B) is sweetly (C) are profoundly (D) is thoroughly

答案：(D)

翻译：每两三年，每间教室都会彻底清洁然后粉刷。

解析：主词each classroom（单数），动词用is；thoroughly表示彻底地。

12. Why (A) are there a shortage of (B) boys’ dorms for rent (C) on campus (D) at present? 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) is there

翻译：为什么目前校园里缺少男生宿舍出租？

解析：主词a shortage（单数），动词用is。

13. Each of the members (A) present (B) have voted to (C) put off (D) moving the headquarters (E) until a suitable location has been found. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) has voted

翻译：在场每位成员都投票决定暂缓搬迁总部，直到找到合适地点。

解析：主词each（单数），动词用has voted。

14. In many ways one of the most remarkable phenomena among insects ________ the use of chemicals to bring the mates together. (A) are (B) be (C) being (D) is

答案：(D)

翻译：从许多角度看，昆虫界最引人注目的现象之一是利用化学物质吸引配偶。

解析：主词one（单数），动词用is。

15. The old house with all its beautiful furniture and pictures ________. (A) have sold (B) have been sold (C) has sold (D) has been sold

答案：(D)

翻译：那栋老房子连同所有漂亮的家具和画作都已售出。

解析：主词the old house（单数），被动语态，用has been sold。

16. Dante’s poetry, together with his use of the vernacular, ________ literary criticism to the present time. (A) have influenced (B) has influenced (C) influences (D) had influenced

答案：(B)

翻译：但丁的诗歌及其方言运用，影响文学批评直至今日。

解析：主词poetry（单数），时间状语to the present time，用现在完成时has influenced。

17. The report indicates that one ________ six children ________ bullied at that suburb. (A) by…are (B) with…is (C) at…are (D) in…is

答案：(D)

翻译：报告显示，在那个郊区，每六个孩子中就有一个遭受霸凌。

解析：固定搭配one in six；主词one（单数），动词用is。

18. (A) To fight and conquer in all your battles (B) are not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in (C) breaking the enemy’s resistance (D) without fighting. (E) No error. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) is

翻译：百战百胜，非善之善者也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

解析：主词为不定词短语To fight and conquer，动词用单数is。

19. Training (A) to communicate (B) across cultures (C) have long been part of the preparation for (D) executives moving (E) overseas to work. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) has long been

翻译：跨文化沟通训练向来是主管外派准备的一部分。

解析：主词为动名词短语Training，动词用单数has been。

20. Working 13 hours a day ________ the employees no leeway to enjoy their leisure time. (A) were leaving (B) are leaving (C) have been leaving (D) leaves

答案：(D)

翻译：一天工作13小时，让员工没有闲暇享受休闲时光。

解析：主词为动名词短语Working，动词用单数leaves。

21. Knowing several ________ helpful if you work for an international corporation. (A) languages are (B) language is (C) languages is (D) language are

答案：(C)

翻译：如果你在跨国公司工作，懂几种语言会很有帮助。

解析：several后接复数languages；主词为动名词短语Knowing，动词用单数is。

22. People find that indulging in addictive activities temporarily ________ some psychological needs, making them feel good for a short time. (A) satisfy (B) satisfies (C) satisfied (D) being satisfied

答案：(B)

翻译：人们发现沉迷成瘾行为能暂时满足心理需求，带来短暂愉悦。

解析：主词为动名词短语indulging，动词用单数satisfies。

23. I as well as my younger brother ________ on the school team. (A) are (B) am (C) is (D) has been

答案：(B)

翻译：我和我弟弟都在校队。

解析：as well as不影响主词，主词为I，动词用am。

24. Either the students or the teacher ________ planning to come to the end-of-the-semester party. (A) is (B) are (C) has (D) were

答案：(A)

翻译：不是学生就是老师打算参加期末派对。

解析：either…or遵循就近原则，靠近teacher（单数），动词用is。

25. My mother, who is sick now, stays in the hospital. Either my sister or I ________ to take care of my mother there. (A) need (B) needs (C) needed (D) has needed

答案：(A)

翻译：我妈妈生病住院了。不是我妹妹就是我要去照顾她。

解析：either…or就近原则，靠近I，动词用need。

26. Neither Prince (A) nor Molly (B) were wearing a seatbelt, according to the accident reports, and (C) it is likely that Molly (D) would have survived the crash had she been wearing her seatbelt. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) was wearing

翻译：事故报告显示，普林斯和莫莉都没系安全带，如果莫莉系了安全带，很可能会活下来。

解析：neither…nor就近原则，靠近Molly（单数），动词用was。

27. Neither France (A) nor the United States (B) have been able to discover (C) a mutually (D) satisfactory (E) plan for gradual disarmament. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) has been able

翻译：法国和美国都未能找到双方满意的逐步裁军计划。

解析：neither…nor就近原则，靠近the United States（单数），动词用has。

28. The number of Americans who work during their vacations ________ in the last decade, with the laptop computer replacing the cellular phone as the most useful tool for working on holidays. (A) has near double (B) has nearly doubled (C) have near doubled (D) have nearly doubled

答案：(B)

翻译：过去十年，假期工作的美国人数量几乎翻倍，笔记本电脑取代手机成为假期工作最实用工具。

解析：the number of（单数），动词用has nearly doubled。

29. A number of the secretary’s ideas ________ debate in the company. (A) have sparked (B) is sparked (C) are being sparked (D) has been sparked

答案：(A)

翻译：秘书的许多想法在公司引发了讨论。

解析：a number of（复数），主动语态，用have sparked。

30. (A) Much of what we’re seeing might well be the tumult (B) accompany the (C) end of decades of tyranny and (D) the rise of long-suppressed forces, but (E) it raises the question. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) that accompanies

翻译：我们所见的乱象，或许伴随数十年暴政终结与长期受压势力崛起而生，这引发了疑问。

解析：关系子句先行词tumult（单数），动词用accompanies。

31. Pacific Northwest forests (A) consist of (B) a wide variety of trees and (C) underbrush, which (D) constantly evolving. (E) 找出错误并改正

答案：(D) are constantly evolving

翻译：美国西北太平洋森林由多种树木与灌木组成，它们不断演化。

解析：关系子句先行词trees and underbrush（复数），动词用are evolving。

32. Tom is (A) one of those people who always (B) works harder (C) than (D) anyone else. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) work

翻译：汤姆是那种工作比别人更努力的人。

解析：关系子句先行词people（复数），动词用work。

33. Mumps (A) are a very (B) common disease (C) which (D) usually (E) affects children. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) is

翻译：腮腺炎是一种常见疾病，通常感染儿童。

解析：mumps（腮腺炎）是不可数名词，动词用单数is。

Chapter 21 倒装句

重要观念

1. 主词补语（尤其是地方副词）移到句首，动词可选择倒装。

2. 受词（尤其是引用句）移到句首，动词可选择倒装。

3. 否定副词移到句首，动词必须倒装：be动词与助动词移到主词前面，普通动词加do。

1. Ethnocentrism is the view that one’s own culture is better than all others. People will always find some aspect of another culture distasteful, ________ sexual practices, a way of treating friends or relatives, or simply a food that they cannot manage to get down with a smile. (A) be it (B) owing to (C) whereas (D) yet (E) unless

答案：(A)

翻译：民族中心主义认为自身文化优于其他所有文化。人们总会觉得其他文化有令人反感之处，无论是性行为、对待亲友的方式，还是难以下咽的食物。

解析：本句使用祈使句倒装 be it A or B，相当于 whether it is A or B，表示「无论是A还是B」。

2. ________, I would follow you. (A) Come what may (B) What may come (C) Come that may (D) Which may come

答案：(A)

翻译：无论发生什么事，我都会追随你。

解析：Come what may 是古老的祈使句倒装，等于 no matter what may come，表示让步。

3. The name of the author is put on the poster, and ________ the name of his country. (A) so is (B) also is (C) is too (D) but is

答案：(A)

翻译：海报上印了作者的名字，也印了他的国籍。

解析：so 代替前面重复的部分，be动词倒装到主词前，构成 so is + 主词。

4. Movies are an interesting topic to talk about; and ________. (A) sports are so (B) sports are either (C) so are sports (D) either are sports

答案：(C)

翻译：电影是有趣的话题，运动也是。

解析：so are sports 代替重复的叙述，避免啰嗦，符合对等子句平行对称。

5. Among the giants of the sea ________, which may weigh up to 900 pounds. (A) the tuna (B) is the tuna (C) tuna (D) being the tuna (E) the tuna is

答案：(B)

翻译：金枪鱼是海洋巨兽之一，体重可达900磅。

解析：地方副词片语移到句首，动词倒装，主词与动词紧邻，句子更清楚。

6. Featured at the Henry Ford Museum ________ of antique cars dating from 1865. (A) is an exhibit (B) which is an exhibit (C) an exhibit (D) what an exhibit is

答案：(A)

翻译：亨利福特博物馆展出一系列1865年的古董车。

解析：过去分词片语移到句首，动词倒装，解决主词动词距离过远的问题。

7. ________ a mother taught her daughter cooking so the family recipe could pass on to the next generation. (A) Fading quickly are the days during when (B) The days were quickly fading at that (C) Quickly fading are the days when (D) Quickly are the days faded as

答案：(C)

翻译：母亲教女儿烹饪、让家传食谱代代相传的日子正迅速消逝。

解析：现在分词片语移到句首，动词倒装，让主词与动词靠近，句意清晰。

8. By the church over there ________ a banyan tree that was planted by my father ten years ago. (A) it stands (B) there has (C) has (D) stands

答案：(D)

翻译：那边教堂旁有一棵十年前我父亲种下的榕树。

解析：地方副词移到句首，动词倒装，避免主词与动词被关系子句隔开。

9. Below ________ one of the most encouraging comments Jenny has received from her writing teacher. (A) is (B) are (C) been (D) were

答案：(A)

翻译：以下是珍妮收到写作老师最鼓舞人心的评语之一。

解析：地方副词 below 移到句首，动词倒装，主词为单数 one，用 is。

10. Around the hurricane’s eye ________, which circle around and rise up high in the atmosphere. (A) the hurricane winds swirling (B) swirling the hurricane winds (C) swirl the hurricane winds (D) where the hurricane winds swirl

答案：(C)

翻译：飓风眼周围环绕着飓风，盘旋上升至高空。

解析：地方副词移到句首，动词倒装，主词 winds 为复数，用 swirl。

11. ________ on our cover this month is an electron micrograph of a human sperm that even the student of oncogenes might recognize as being “just not right”. (A) Featured (B) Featuring (C) Be featured (D) Be featuring

答案：(A)

翻译：本月封面刊登的是一张人类精子的电子显微照片，就连癌基因研究者也能看出它“不正常”。

解析：过去分词片语移到句首，动词倒装，让主词与动词紧邻。

12. After he worked out the solution, ________ appeared a smile on his face. (A) it (B) which (C) what (D) there

答案：(D)

翻译：解开答案后，他脸上露出笑容。

解析：there 移到句首倒装，构成 there appeared 句型，表示「出现」。

13. About 35 miles from Kaohsiung, ________ a city named Tainan that has a rich history. (A) there was (B) there is (C) there are (D) where is

答案：(B)

翻译：距离高雄约35英里处，有一座历史悠久的台南市。

解析：there is 表示存在，主词 a city 为单数，用 there is。

14. Although ________ opposition to the liberal policies in recent history, many experts believe that it is necessary to maintain a strong workforce by hiring foreign laborers. (A) being (B) its being (C) there has (D) there has been

答案：(D)

翻译：尽管近代一直有人反对自由化政策，但许多专家认为必须雇用外劳维持强大劳动力。

解析：although 引导完整副词子句，there has been 表示「一直存在」。

15. Not once ________ at the office when I phoned. (A) he was (B) he is (C) was him (D) was he

答案：(D)

翻译：我打电话时，他一次都不在办公室。

解析：否定副词 not once 移到句首，be动词必须倒装，用 was he。

16. Not until I ________ in bed did I think of the invitation. (A) lay (B) laid (C) lied (D) lain

答案：(A)

翻译：直到躺上床，我才想起那个邀请。

解析：lie（躺）过去式为 lay；not until 句首，主要子句倒装 did I think。

17. Only after Norman acquired considerable facility in speaking ________. (A) finally comes reading and writing (B) then he learned reading and writing (C) he learned to read and write (D) eventually reading and writing are learned (E) did he learn to read and write

答案：(E)

翻译：直到诺曼口语相当流利后，他才开始学习读写。

解析：only after 具有否定意味，移到句首，主要子句倒装 did he learn。

18. (A) ________ another penny (B) we spend (C) on your education (D) unless your grades improve and you become responsible for your work. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) Not

翻译：除非你成绩进步、对工作负责，否则我们不再为你的教育花一分钱。

解析：否定副词 not 移到句首，助动词 will 倒装：Not another penny will we spend…

19. Little ________ that Bill has been failing all his subjects at school! (A) his father suspects (B) suspects his father (C) his father to suspect (D) does his father suspect

答案：(D)

翻译：他父亲一点也没想到比尔所有科目都不及格！

解析：否定副词 little 移到句首，普通动词加助动词 does 倒装。

20. Not only ________ industrial production use up a lot of water, it also causes water pollution and destroys the environment. (A) had (B) is (C) did (D) does

答案：(D)

翻译：工业生产不仅消耗大量水资源，还造成水污染与环境破坏。

解析：not only 移到句首，现在时普通动词加 does 倒装。

21. Not only medicine is important when you’re sick, but take care of yourself too. 找出错误并改正

答案：is medicine; you should also take

翻译：生病时不仅药物重要，你也应该照顾好自己。

解析：not only 移到句首，be动词倒装；but 后保持完整子句平行对称。

22. Not until Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 ________. (A) when was its full extent realized (B) was its full extent realized (C) that its full extent was realized (D) the realization of its full extent

答案：(B)

翻译：直到1972年肯塔基猛犸洞完全勘探完毕，人们才了解其全貌。

解析：not until 移到句首，主要子句 be动词倒装 was its full extent realized。

23. Only if you get to the concert early ________ a chance to get a ticket for tonight’s show. (A) you will have (B) will you have (C) you have (D) you would have

答案：(B)

翻译：只有早点到演唱会现场，你才有机会买到今晚的票。

解析：only if 具有否定意味，移到句首，助动词 will 倒装。

24. Lucy does not accept constructive criticism well, nor ________ even appear to listen to it. (A) she does (B) she is (C) does she (D) is she

答案：(C)

翻译：露西不接受建设性批评，甚至连听都不想听。

解析：nor 为否定连接词，后接子句必须倒装，加助动词 does。

25. ________ his wife left him did he realize how important she was to him. (A) Only after (B) Because (C) Never (D) At no time

答案：(A)

翻译：直到妻子离开，他才意识到她对自己有多重要。

解析：only after 移到句首，主要子句倒装 did he realize。

26. ________ the woman showed me her badge did I realize she was a police officer. (A) Even if (B) Instead (C) Not until (D) Although

答案：(C)

翻译：直到那位女士出示证件，我才知道她是警察。

解析：not until 移到句首，主要子句倒装 did I realize。

27. ________ I finished the meal than I started feeling hungry again. (A) No longer (B) No longer had (C) No sooner had (D) No sooner

答案：(C)

翻译：我刚吃完饭，又开始饿了。

解析：固定句型 no sooner…than，no sooner 移到句首，过去完成时倒装 had I finished。

28. Never ________ such a jerky comment made before by any government official. (A) have I heard (B) heard I (C) I have heard (D) I heard

答案：(A)

翻译：我从未听过任何政府官员发表如此愚蠢的言论。

解析：否定副词 never 移到句首，现在完成时倒装 have I heard。

29. ________ you can design and build a home in such a prime location. (A) Rarely an opportunity arising (B) Rarely opportunity arises which (C) Rarely does an opportunity arise which (D) Rarely does an opportunity arise where

答案：(D)

翻译：能在黄金地段设计建造住宅，这种机会非常难得。

解析：否定副词 rarely 移到句首，加助动词 does 倒装；地点用 where。

30. ________ the door ________ I realized it was locked. (A) No sooner had I reached…than (B) Never had I reached…before (C) Only had I reached…did (D) Rarely had I reached…after

答案：(A)

翻译：我一走到门口，就发现门锁了。

解析：固定句型 no sooner…than，否定副词移到句首倒装。

31. ________ pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. (A) Do I seldom (B) Seldom do I (C) Seldom I do (D) none of the above

答案：(B)

翻译：我很少停下来回应对我作品与观点的批评。

解析：否定副词 seldom 移到句首，加助动词 do 倒装。

32. Never ________ such nonsense. (A) I heard (B) did I hear (C) I have heard (D) have I heard

答案：(D)

翻译：我从未听过如此荒唐的话。

解析：never 移到句首，现在完成时倒装 have I heard。

33. On no account ________ be removed from the library. (A) reference books may (B) may reference books (C) reference books (D) reference books to

答案：(B)

翻译：参考书绝对不可带出图书馆。

解析：否定副词片语 on no account 移到句首，助动词 may 倒装。

34. Never ________ tasted such delicious coffee! (A) they (B) they have (C) have they (D) should they

答案：(C)

翻译：他们从未喝过如此美味的咖啡！

解析：never 移到句首，现在完成时倒装 have they tasted。

35. Only after years of failure ________ success as the most popular NBA basketball player in February 2012. (A) did achieve Jeremy Lin (B) Jeremy Lin achieved (C) Jeremy Lin who achieved (D) did Jeremy Lin achieve

答案：(D)

翻译：经过多年失败，林书豪终于在2012年2月成为NBA最受欢迎球员。

解析：only after 移到句首，主要子句倒装 did Jeremy Lin achieve。

36. Never before ________ as rapidly as during the last decade. (A) technology is developing (B) technology has developed (C) has technology developed (D) has developed technology

答案：(C)

翻译：科技发展速度从未像过去十年这么快。

解析：never before 移到句首，现在完成时倒装 has technology developed。

37. Not only ________ to report the accident, but he also denied that he had been driving the car. (A) he failed (B) did he fail (C) was he failed (D) has he failed

答案：(B)

翻译：他不仅未报案，还否认自己当时在开车。

解析：not only 移到句首，过去时普通动词加 did 倒装。

38. After a heated argument, Joe left Margaret for another woman. Little ________ that Margaret loved him very much. (A) knew he (B) did he knew (C) he knew (D) did he know

答案：(D)

翻译：激烈争吵后，乔离开玛格丽特另寻新欢。他一点也不知道玛格丽特深爱他。

解析：否定副词 little 移到句首，加助动词 did 倒装，后接原形动词 know。

39. ________ can we be sure of passing our examination. (A) It is hard studying (B) Only by studying hard (C) By hard studying only (D) If we study hard (E) It’s hard to study

答案：(B)

翻译：只有努力学习，我们才有把握通过考试。

解析：only by studying hard 具有否定意味，移到句首，子句倒装 can we be。

40. Although he suffered from discrimination, Martin Luther King is a man who believed in reconciliation and only rarely ________ a grudge during his Civil Rights movement. (A) he carried (B) when he carried (C) that he carried (D) did he carry

答案：(D)

翻译：尽管遭受歧视，马丁路德金恩仍主张和解，在民权运动中极少记恨。

解析：only rarely 为否定副词，移到句首，倒装 did he carry。

41. By no means ________ look down on those who are less lucky in life than we are. (A) we should (B) should we (C) we should not (D) should we not

答案：(B)

翻译：我们绝不应该看不起比我们不幸的人。

解析：否定副词片语 by no means 移到句首，助动词 should 倒装。

42. Only after these issues are addressed ________ this option. (A) I will consider (B) were I to consider (C) will I consider (D) I am to consider (E) to consider

答案：(C)

翻译：只有这些问题解决后，我才会考虑这个方案。

解析：only after 移到句首，主要子句倒装 will I consider。

43. Not until I knew the end of the story ________ burst into tears. (A) I (B) do I (C) that I (D) did I

答案：(D)

翻译：直到知道故事结局，我才泪流满面。

解析：not until 移到句首，过去时倒装 did I burst。

44. ________ people fall ill do they realize the value of health. (A) Until (B) Until not (C) Not because (D) Not until

答案：(D)

翻译：直到生病，人们才意识到健康的可贵。

解析：not until 移到句首，主要子句倒装 do they realize。

Chapter 22 简化子句（总整理）

重要观念

1. 从属子句（名词子句、形容词子句、副词子句）皆可用同样方式简化。

2. 从属子句简化的共同方法：去掉主词和be动词，简化后就不需要连接词。

3. 从属子句的主词和主要子句主词相同时可以删除。

4. 从属子句的动词可分三种简化形式：

(1) 有be动词，可直接删除

(2) 有情态助动词，简化为to V

(3) 其他动词一律加 -ing 分词简化保留

Chapter 23 关系子句简化

1. Any political figure ________ for president will not succeed without a large quantity of campaign money contributed by wealthy benefactors. (A) intent on running (B) intending on running (C) who intends on running (D) who have the intention of running (E) who intents to run

答案：(A)

翻译：有意竞选总统的政治人物，若没有富豪赞助大量竞选资金就不可能成功。

解析：关系子句 who is intent on running for president 简化，删去 who is，剩下形容词片语 intent on running。

2. The dandelion, ________ nearly all of continental North America, can be found unwanted on almost any lawn. (A) native to (B) being native (C) which is native (D) native from

答案：(A)

翻译：蒲公英原产于北美大陆，几乎在每片草坪上都随处可见。

解析：关系子句 which is native to… 简化，删去 which is，剩下 native to。

3. The columbine flower, ________ nearly all of the United States, can be raised from seed in almost any garden. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) native to

翻译：耧斗菜原产于全美，几乎任何花园都能播种种植。

解析：关系子句 which is native to… 简化，删去 which is，改为 native to。

4. The ear, ________, also gives us the sense of balance. (A) is the chief organ of hearing (B) the chief organ of hearing (C) chiefly hearing the organ (D) the organ chiefly hearing

答案：(B)

翻译：耳朵是主要的听觉器官，也赋予我们平衡感。

解析：关系子句 which is the chief organ of hearing 简化，删去 which is，成为同位格。

5. The gastric juice in the stomach contains two ferments, ________ and pepsin. (A) being rennin (B) which is rennin (C) rennin (D) other than rennin

答案：(C)

翻译：胃液含有两种酵素：凝乳酶和胃蛋白酶。

解析：关系子句 which are rennin and pepsin 简化，删去 which are，直接用同位格。

6. Plankton, ________, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean. (A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants (B) minute marine animals and plants collectively that (C) is the name given to minute marine animals and plants (D) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants

答案：(D)

翻译：浮游生物是海洋微小动植物的统称，是所有海洋生物的基本食物。

解析：关系子句 which is the collective name… 简化，删去 which is，成为同位格。

7. Martha Graham, ________, has run her own dance company for half a century. (A) is the great modern choreographer (B) one of the great modern choreographers (C) that the great modern choreographers (D) the modern choreographers were great

答案：(B)

翻译：玛莎·葛兰姆是现代舞大师之一，经营舞团长达半个世纪。

解析：关系子句 who is one of… 简化，删去 who is，成为同位格。

8. Biochemists use fireflies to study bioluminescence, ________. (A) the heatless light given off by certain plants and animals (B) certain plants and animals give off the heatless light (C) which certain plants and animals give off the heatless light

答案：(A)

翻译：生化学家利用萤火虫研究生物发光，即某些动植物发出的冷光。

解析：关系子句 which is the heatless light… 简化，删去 which is，成为同位格。

9. The first settlement ________ Maryland was started in the year of 1634. (A) founded in (B) that founded in (C) was founded in (D) to found

答案：(A)

翻译：马里兰州最早的殖民地建于1634年。

解析：关系子句 that was founded in… 简化，删去 that was，剩下过去分词 founded。

10. The debris ________ to be from Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 was found on the coast of Rodrigues Island. (A) suspect (B) suspecting (C) suspected (D) to suspect

答案：(C)

翻译：疑似来自马航370的残骸在罗德里格斯岛沿岸被发现。

解析：关系子句 that was suspected… 简化，删去 that was，剩下过去分词 suspected。

11. This edited book offers up-to-date overviews of research methods ________ linguistic research. (A) used in (B) using with (C) being used to (D) used up in

答案：(A)

翻译：这本编著提供语言学研究常用方法的最新综述。

解析：关系子句 that are used in… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 used in。

12. Nothing is more indicative of Arabia than the customs and tradition ________ by Dubai. (A) wrap up in the lifestyle representing (B) wrapped up in the lifestyle represented (C) wrapping up in the lifestyle represent

答案：(B)

翻译：最能代表阿拉伯的就是迪拜生活方式中的风俗传统。

解析：关系子句 that are wrapped up… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 wrapped。

13. Medical students ________ by those who live in the medical world are easily trapped in conceptual ghettos. (A) who trained (B) trained (C) have trained (D) have been trained

答案：(B)

翻译：受医学界人士训练的医学生容易陷入观念封闭。

解析：关系子句 who are trained… 简化，删去 who are，剩下过去分词 trained。

14. Young children can learn the grammatical rules and sounds ________ to communicate. (A) require (B) requiring (C) required (D) requires

答案：(C)

翻译：幼儿能学会语言沟通所需的语法与发音。

解析：关系子句 that are required… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 required。

15. Anyone ________ getting information about the new political party should email us. (A) interested in (B) interesting to (C) who interested (D) who is interested

答案：(A)

翻译：有意了解新政党资讯者请发邮件联系我们。

解析：关系子句 who is interested in… 简化，删去 who is，剩下 interested in。

16. These variations occur in regions ________ language, memory, emotion and vision. (A) have involved in languages (B) involved in language (C) involving in language

答案：(B)

翻译：这些行为变化发生在负责语言、记忆、情感与视觉的脑区。

解析：关系子句 that are involved in… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 involved in。

17. Jony Ive, ________ with designing many Apple products, has been promoted. (A) credits (B) crediting (C) is crediting (D) credited

答案：(D)

翻译：乔纳森·艾夫因设计多款苹果产品而受赞誉，现已晋升。

解析：关系子句 who is credited… 简化，删去 who is，剩下过去分词 credited。

18. Elephants scratch themselves with sticks ________ in their trunks. (A) holding (B) held (C) hold (D) being held

答案：(B)

翻译：大象用鼻子握着棍子挠痒。

解析：关系子句 that are held… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 held。

19. Michael Jackson enjoys success and influence ________ among pop singers. (A) were unparalleled (B) are unparalleled (C) unparalleled (D) the unparalleled

答案：(C)

翻译：迈克尔·杰克逊的成就与影响力在同时代歌手中无人能及。

解析：关系子句 that are unparalleled… 简化，删去 that are，剩下 unparalleled。

20. Vicky wishes she could learn all the foreign languages ________ at school. (A) teach (B) teaching (C) taught (D) were taught

答案：(C)

翻译：薇琪希望学会学校教的所有外语。

解析：关系子句 that are taught… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 taught。

21. The time and energy ________ in looking for tools are a drag on productivity. (A) waste (B) wasted (C) wasting (D) wastes

答案：(B)

翻译：寻找遗失工具耗费的时间精力严重影响工厂效率。

解析：关系子句 that are wasted… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 wasted。

22. Random testing of cold drinks ________ at fast food chains showed problems. (A) serve (B) served (C) serving (D) having served

答案：(B)

翻译：对快餐店供应冷饮的抽检发现多家门店不达标。

解析：关系子句 that are served… 简化，删去 that are，剩下过去分词 served。

23. Advertising ________ young adults can be destructive. (A) aimed at (B) is aimed at (C) has been aiming at (D) is aiming at

答案：(A)

翻译：针对青少年的广告可能有害，应受管控。

解析：关系子句 that is aimed at… 简化，删去 that is，剩下过去分词 aimed at。

24. Scientists ________ virologists study viruses to stop infections. (A) are (B) calling (C) called (D) who called

答案：(C)

翻译：被称为病毒学家的科学家研究病毒以阻止感染。

解析：关系子句 who are called… 简化，删去 who are，剩下过去分词 called。

25. A paragraph is a text ________ one or more sentences. (A) consists of (B) consisting of (C) consisted of (D) which consisting of

答案：(B)

翻译：段落是由一个或多个主题相关句子组成的文本。

解析：关系子句 that consists of… 简化，删去 that，动词变现在分词 consisting。

26. The sight of someone ________ made her feel touched on the same spot. (A) touched (B) having touched (C) being touched (D) having been touched

答案：(C)

翻译：看到别人被触摸，让她感觉同一部位也被触碰。

解析：关系子句 who was being touched… 简化，删去 who was，剩下 being touched。

27. Temporary permits were granted to persons qualified but ________ specific training. (A) lack (B) lacked (C) lacking (D) to lack

答案：(C) lacking

翻译：因合格高中教师短缺，临时教师资格证发给学科合格但缺乏师资训练者。

解析：关系子句 who lack… 简化，删去 who，动词变现在分词 lacking。

28. Anthrax, a disease ________ thousands of cattle yearly, is caused by germs. (A) kill (B) killing (C) killed (D) to kill

答案：(B) killing

翻译：炭疽病每年导致数千头牛死亡，由细菌引发。

解析：关系子句 that kills… 简化，删去 that，动词变现在分词 killing。

29. Computers ________ the roadways can supervise traffic. (A) monitoring (B) have been monitored (C) having been monitored (D) monitor

答案：(A)

翻译：监控道路的电脑可承担交通管理任务。

解析：关系子句 that monitor… 简化，删去 that，动词变现在分词 monitoring。

30. To help people ________ from unemployment, the government acted. (A) suffered (B) suffering (C) to suffer (D) with benefits

答案：(B)

翻译：为救助失业民众，政府介入民间成为大型雇主。

解析：关系子句 who are suffering… 简化，删去 who are，剩下 suffering。

31. Contemporary folktales, ________ modern technology, keep classic horror structure. (A) which deals with (B) dealing with (C) deals with (D) deal with

答案：(B)

翻译：讲述现代科技的当代传说保留了经典恐怖故事结构。

解析：关系子句 which deal with… 简化，删去 which，动词变现在分词 dealing。

32. There was a remark ________ what he thought was a reason for this trait. (A) giving (B) gave (C) to give (D) given

答案：(A)

翻译：书中有句话提出了他认为的这种美国特质的成因。

解析：关系子句 that gives… 简化，删去 that，动词变现在分词 giving。

33. Passengers ________ tickets early will get a discount. (A) purchasing (B) purchased (C) who purchasing (D) purchase

答案：(A)

翻译：提前两周购票的乘客可享早鸟优惠。

解析：关系子句 who purchase… 简化，删去 who，动词变现在分词 purchasing。

34. The terrorists ________ a threat demanded an end to bombings. (A) sends (B) sending (C) sent (D) had sent

答案：(B)

翻译：发出威胁信息的恐怖分子要求立即停止爆炸攻击。

解析：关系子句 who sent… 简化，删去 who，动词变现在分词 sending。

35. People who like his style are not the kind ________ out to buy the same products. (A) rush (B) to rush (C) rushing (D) rushed

答案：(B)

翻译：喜欢他风格的人不是那种冲动抢购同款商品的人。

解析：关系子句 who will rush… 简化，情态动词改为 to，成为 to rush。

36. Global temperature will rise for years ________. (A) come (B) are coming (C) have come (D) to come

答案：(D)

翻译：全球气温将在未来多年持续上升。

解析：关系子句 that will come… 简化，情态动词改为 to，成为 to come。

37. James Figg was the first boxer ________ as heavyweight champion. (A) to recognize (B) who recognized (C) to be recognized (D) recognizing

答案：(C)

翻译：詹姆斯·菲格是首位被公认的重量级拳王。

解析：关系子句 that could be recognized… 简化，情态动词改为 to be，成为 to be recognized。

Chapter 24 名词子句简化

重要观念

1. 名词子句可以简化为动名词与不定词片语。

2. 简化之前必须保持名词的词性，必要时要进行词类变化成为名词才行。

1. The Naturalists (A) were concerned with (B) how rendered artistic or literary subjects (C) to reproduce natural appearances (D) actual events (E) in detail.

答案：(B) how to render

翻译：自然主义画家关心的是如何处理艺术或文学主题，以便详细重现自然样貌或真实事件。

解析：原名词子句为 how they could render…，简化时删去主词 they，情态助动词改为 to，成为 how to render。

2. The woman has to make decisions ________ her behaviors or remain as she is. (A) about whether to alter (B) about whether altering (C) for whether to alter (D) for whether altering

答案：(A)

翻译：这位女性必须决定是否要改变自己的行为，还是维持现状。

解析：名词子句 whether she should alter… 简化为 whether to alter；搭配 decisions 用介系词 about。

3. It is important ________ that what they’re learning is worthwhile. (A) the fact that students believe (B) whatever students believe (C) for students to believe (D) however students believe

答案：(C)

翻译：学生相信自己所学是有价值的，这一点很重要。

解析：名词子句 that students must believe… 简化为 for students to believe；it 当形式主词。

4. ________ years for the newborns to master all the necessary skills for daily life. (A) They spend (B) It spends (C) It takes (D) They take

答案：(C)

翻译：新生儿需要花费数年才能掌握日常生活所需的所有技能。

解析：名词子句简化为 for the newborns to master…；句型 It takes (time) for sb. to…。

5. Google announced a new translation feature that will make ________ for travelers who don’t speak the language to go ________ a trip to a Japanese-speaking destination. (A) it easier / on (B) one easy / for (C) easily / on (D) easier / for

答案：(A)

翻译：谷歌推出新翻译功能，让不会说当地语言的旅客更轻松前往日语地区旅行。

解析：make it easier for sb. to…，it 当形式受词；片语 go on a trip。

6. No atmosphere surrounding the moon and no water on its surface ________ for life forms of any kind to exist on it. (A) make unlikely (B) unlikely made (C) it unlikely makes (D) make it unlikely

答案：(D)

翻译：月球无大气、无水分，使得任何生物都难以生存。

解析：make it unlikely for sb./sth. to…，it 当形式受词。

7. I believe ________ very largely due to mistaken views of the world. (A) this unhappiness are (B) to be this unhappiness (C) this be unhappiness (D) this unhappiness to be

答案：(D)

翻译：我认为这种不快乐主要源于对世界的错误认知。

解析：受词位置名词子句简化为 this unhappiness to be…。

8. My father taught ________ skeptical of claims made by advertisers. (A) to be (B) me to be (C) my being (D) for me to be

答案：(B)

翻译：我父亲教导我要对广告商的说法保持怀疑。

解析：名词子句 that I should be skeptical… 简化为 me to be skeptical…。

9. Many artists considered him ________ obsessed with the ugly. (A) be a tasteless painter (B) as tasteless painter (C) being a tasteless painter (D) to be a tasteless painter

答案：(D)

翻译：许多艺术家认为他是个品味低俗、沉迷丑陋事物的画家。

解析：名词子句 that he must be… 简化为 him to be a tasteless painter。

10. Scientists considered the connection between nutrition and intellectual development ________ straightforward. (A) being (B) been (C) to be (D) has been

答案：(C)

翻译：科学家认为营养与智力发展之间的关联很直接。

解析：名词子句 that the connection must be… 简化为 the connection to be…。

11. Tom’s ________ twice before made Daphne hesitate about accepting his marriage proposal. (A) having to marry (B) being married (C) having been married (D) having had married

答案：(C)

翻译：汤姆之前结过两次婚，这让戴芙妮犹豫是否接受他的求婚。

解析：名词子句 Tom had been married… 简化为动名词片语 Tom’s having been married…。

12. ________ dogs capable of rescue task begins with handlers looking for energetic dogs that enjoy playing Frisbee. (A) Selected (B) To select (C) Selecting (D) Selective (E) Select

答案：(C)

翻译：挑选能执行救援任务的犬只，始于训练师寻找爱玩飞盘的精力充沛的狗。

解析：名词子句 that people select dogs… 简化为动名词片语 selecting dogs… 作主词。

13. ________ between two different galaxies is very difficult because it involves the use of lots of high-tech equipment. (A) Measurements are (B) Measurements that (C) Making measurements (D) Measurements are made

答案：(C)

翻译：测量两个不同星系之间的距离非常困难，因为需要大量高科技设备。

解析：名词子句 that people make measurements… 简化为动名词片语 making measurements… 作主词。

14. I believe ________ your studies with diverse volunteer work is the best way to gain experience. (A) complement (B) compliment (C) complementing (D) complimenting

答案：(C)

翻译：我认为用多元志工服务辅助学业是积累经验的最佳方式。

解析：名词子句 that you complement… 简化为动名词片语 complementing… 作主词；complement = 补充，compliment = 赞美。

15. ________ the environment has serious consequences for our society. (A) Pollute (B) Polluting (C) Pollution (D) Pollutes

答案：(B)

翻译：污染环境对社会有严重后果，例如污水会引发多种健康问题。

解析：名词子句 that people pollute… 简化为动名词片语 polluting the environment 作主词。

16. ________ Mario, it turns out, was always more than just making him jump. (A) Play (B) Playing (C) Played (D) Even play

答案：(B)

翻译：事实证明，玩马里奥游戏从来都不只是让他跳来跳去那么简单。

解析：名词子句 that people play Mario… 简化为动名词片语 playing Mario 作主词。

17. ________ a job because of one’s sex, age, religion, or skin color is extremely frustrating. (A) Denying (B) Denied (C) Being denying (D) Being denied

答案：(D)

翻译：因性别、年龄、宗教或肤色而被拒绝求职，无论个人资历如何，都令人极度沮丧。

解析：名词子句 that one is denied… 简化为动名词片语 being denied a job… 作主词。

18. ________ calculators makes it harder to succeed in business. (A) Not know how to use (B) Not knowing what to use (C) Not knowing which to use (D) Not known to use (E) Not knowing how to use

答案：(E)

翻译：不会使用计算器会让商业成功更难。

解析：名词子句 that one doesn’t know how to use… 简化为动名词片语 not knowing how to use…。

19. The Wangs now regret ________ her with too many material possessions. (A) provided (B) having provided (C) having been provided (D) to have provided

答案：(B)

翻译：王家夫妇当初想给独生女最好的条件，如今却后悔给了她太多物质享受。

解析：regret 后接动名词表后悔做过某事；名词子句简化为 having provided…。

Chapter 25 副词子句简化

重要观念

1. 副词子句简化，连接词可以斟酌是否要留下，但去掉因果类的连接词（如because）不保留，因为分词结构本身已暗含因果关系。

2. 副词子句简化，尤其是用分词结构，主语要和主要子句相同才可以省略。

1. ________ a problem, you have to analyze it first, and then try to find a solution. (A) Facing with (B) Faced with (C) In face of (D) In facing with

答案：(B)

翻译：面对问题时，你必须先分析，再设法找出解决方案。

解析：副词子句 When you are faced with a problem 简化，省略主语与be动词，保留过去分词短语 Faced with。

2. Critics say police often react poorly when ________ with a crisis. (A) face (B) faced (C) he faces (D) they face

答案：(B)

翻译：评论家称，警察面对危机时往往反应不佳。

解析：when 后省略 they are，成为 when faced with。

3. ________ from the mountaintop, Taipei 101 looks beautiful at night. (A) Seeing (B) Sight (C) Having seen (D) Seen

答案：(D)

翻译：从山顶上看，台北101在夜晚很美。

解析：主词是 Taipei 101，与“看”是被动关系，简化为过去分词 Seen。

4. ________ by the boy’s behavior, she complained to the head teacher. (A) She was annoyed (B) She annoyed (C) Annoyed (D) Annoying

答案：(C)

翻译：被男孩的行为激怒，她向班主任投诉。

解析：副词子句 Because she was annoyed 简化，省略主语与be动词，用过去分词 Annoyed。

5. Strategically ________ Asia, the Americas, and Europe, Canada is an emerging hub of trade, innovation and investment. (A) connecting to position (B) positioned to connect (C) connected to position (D) positioned to connecting (E) positioning to connect

答案：(B)

翻译：加拿大地理位置优越，连接亚洲、美洲与欧洲，是新兴的贸易、创新与投资中心。

解析：被动结构 be positioned，简化为 positioned to connect。

6. When (A) asking to conserve water, many people were (B) disappointed that the government did not set a similar mandate (C) for all. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) asked

翻译：当被要求节约用水时，许多人对政府没有对所有人下达同样命令感到失望。

解析：被动关系，应为 When (they are) asked。

7. (A) Comparing with competitors in the energy space, the renewable energy industry is young. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) Compared

翻译：与能源领域的竞争对手相比，可再生能源行业还很年轻。

解析：行业是“被比较”，用过去分词 Compared。

8. ________ in 1939, the Borne Bridge spans the Cape Cod Canal and is one of the many grand projects completed in the Depression Era. (A) Completed (B) Completes (C) Having completed (D) Completing

答案：(A)

翻译：博恩桥建于1939年，横跨科德角运河，是大萧条时期完成的众多宏伟工程之一。

解析：桥是“被完工”，简化为 Completed。

9. ________ with care, this kind of flower can live for a long time. (A) Looking after (B) To look after (C) Looked after (D) Look after

答案：(C)

翻译：只要细心照料，这种花可以活很久。

解析：花是“被照顾”，用过去分词 Looked after。

10. ________ if she could attend the lunch meeting, the CEO nodded her head and left the conference room. (A) Ask (B) Asking (C) Asked (D) Having asked

答案：(C)

翻译：当被问及是否能参加午餐会议时，执行长点点头离开了会议室。

解析：CEO是“被问”，简化为 Asked。

11. ________ in a firestorm caused by Allied bombing in 1945, Dresden is a symbol of perseverance. (A) Devastation (B) Devastating (C) Devastated (D) To be devastated

答案：(C)

翻译：德累斯顿在1945年盟军轰炸的大火中被毁，是坚韧不拔的象征。

解析：城市是“被摧毁”，用过去分词 Devastated。

12. ________, the Bureau of Indian Affairs is a federal agency intended to safeguard the welfare of American Indians. (A) Created in 1824 (B) In 1824 created (C) The creation in 1824 (D) In 1824 they created

答案：(A)

翻译：印第安事务局成立于1824年，是负责保障印第安人福利的联邦机构。

解析：机构是“被创立”，简化为 Created in 1824。

13. ________ in her best suit, Jenny was on her way to a job interview. (A) Dress (B) Dressed (C) Dressing (D) To dress

答案：(B)

翻译：珍妮穿着最好的套装，正在去面试的路上。

解析：固定搭配 be dressed in，省略be动词，用 Dressed。

14. ________ in 1936, the company has grown quickly and is now the largest of its kind. (A) Established (B) Establishing (C) Been established (D) Having established

答案：(A)

翻译：这家公司成立于1936年，发展迅速，现已成为同行业最大的公司。

解析：公司是“被成立”，简化为 Established。

15. ________ of any latest news, I will let you know as soon as possible. (A) Informing (B) Informed (C) To inform (D) By informing

答案：(B)

翻译：一接到任何最新消息，我会尽快通知你。

解析：我是“被通知”，简化为 Informed。

16. ________ regarded as his masterpiece, his war painting was left in the warehouse for a whole decade. (A) As (B) Though (C) If (D) However

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管这幅战争画被视为他的代表作，却在仓库里放了整整十年。

解析：Though (it is) regarded 表让步，省略主语与be动词。

17. ________ built, with poor vision but excellent sense of smell and hearing, the bear will eat almost anything. (A) It is heavily (B) Heavily (C) That it is heavily (D) When it is heavily

答案：(B)

翻译：熊体型笨重，视力差，但嗅觉与听觉极佳，几乎什么都吃。

解析：副词子句 Although it is heavily built 简化，省略主语与be动词，保留 Heavily built。

18. ________, glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes. (A) When well fitted (B) Well fitted when (C) Well fitted if (D) If well fitted when

答案：(A)

翻译：眼镜只要配戴合适，可以矫正健康眼睛的大部分视力问题。

解析：When (they are) well fitted 简化。

19. ________, the white mountain goat is an extremely sure-footed animal. (A) Having rarely seeing (B) Rarely seeing (C) Been rarely seeing (D) Have rarely seen (E) Rarely seen

答案：(E)

翻译：白山羊很少被人见到，是脚步极稳的动物。

解析：山羊是“被看见”，简化为 Rarely seen。

20. ________ in soft, black feathers, the bird of paradise performs a dance show. (A) Covering (B) To cover (C) Covered (D) By covering

答案：(C)

翻译：身披柔软黑羽，天堂鸟跳起舞蹈。

解析：鸟是“被覆盖”，用过去分词 Covered。

21. ________ the philosophy that medicine is a human experience, Dr. Mars placed the course “Medicine in Society” in the core curriculum. (A) Holding (B) Held (C) Having hold (D) To have held (E) To be held

答案：(A)

翻译：马斯博士秉持医学是人类体验的理念，将“社会中的医学”纳入核心课程。

解析：主动关系，简化为 Holding。

22. Some rocks, such as sedimentary rocks, (A) contain fossils, (B) whereas other rocks, such as igneous rocks, (C) are too hot to have fossils when ________. 找出错误并改正

答案：(D) formed

解析：when (they are) formed 岩石是“被形成”。

23. Art, music and literature are produced largely by people between the ages of 20 and 40, ________ that culture is displayed by the young. (A) thus suggesting (B) in order to suggest (C) for suggesting (D) then suggest

答案：(A)

翻译：艺术、音乐与文学大多由20至40岁的人创作，因此表明文化由年轻人展现。

解析：结果状语，用现在分词 thus suggesting。

24. ________ the life-threatening disease, we had greater confidence that we would be able to develop a cure for it. (A) Having researched (B) In order to research (C) Whatever research on (D) Our research of

答案：(A)

翻译：研究过这种致命疾病后，我们更有信心能研发出疗法。

解析：主动且先完成动作，用 Having researched。

25. Alexander Fleming noticed that the mold was killing all of the bacteria, ________ him to discover antibiotics. (A) had lead (B) was leading (C) lead (D) leading (E) have lead

答案：(D)

翻译：亚历山大·弗莱明发现霉菌杀死了所有细菌，这使他发现了抗生素。

解析：自然而然的结果，用现在分词 leading。

26. People who reverse the letters of words ________ to read suffer from dyslexia. (A) if they tried (B) when tried (C) what they tried (D) when trying

答案：(D)

翻译：阅读时会颠倒字母顺序的人患有阅读障碍。

解析：when (they are) trying 主动，简化为 trying。

27. The “Bow of God’s Wrath is bent, and the Arrow (A) made ready on the string,” ________ to pierce (C) the sinners’ hearts (D) at any moment. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) ready

解析：并列结构，made ready 简化为 ready。

28. ________ follow the directions on the bottle carefully. (A) When taken drugs (B) When one takes drugs (C) When taking drugs (D) In taking drugs (E) Being taken drugs

答案：(C)

翻译：服药时，请仔细遵照瓶身说明。

解析：When (you are) taking drugs 主动，简化为 taking。

29. (A) Feared inflation, our investors are (B) not as willing to make big moves. 找出错误并改正

答案：(A) Fearing

解析：主动关系，害怕通胀，用 Fearing。

30. (A) On occasion the koala ________ come down to the ground, usually to shuffle over to another tree, generally (C) take opportunity along the way to lick up some gravel to aid (D) in digestion. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) does

解析：强调句型，does come down。

31. The children of Israel, ________ the Ten Commandments, were still far from their Promised Land. (A) received (B) having received (C) receiving (D) had received

答案：(B)

翻译：以色列人领受十诫后，仍离应许之地很远。

解析：先完成动作，用 having received。

32. ________, boys tend to gravitate toward balls whereas girls more typically reach for a doll. (A) When selecting toys (B) After selecting toys (C) As to select toys (D) How toys are selected

答案：(A)

翻译：挑选玩具时，男孩往往喜欢球，女孩通常会选娃娃。

解析：When (they are) selecting toys 简化。

33. ________ what to do, the little boy began to cry. (A) Knowing not exactly (B) Exactly knowing not (C) Not knowing exactly (D) Not known exactly (E) To know exactly not

答案：(C)

翻译：不知道该怎么办，小男孩哭了起来。

解析：否定副词放前面，Not knowing exactly。

34. Daniel’s favorite pastime is to lie on the bed, ________ detective novels. (A) to read (B) reading (C) read (D) being read

答案：(B)

翻译：丹尼尔最喜欢的消遣是躺在床上看侦探小说。

解析：伴随动作，用现在分词 reading。

35. Let us suppose the strength of steel and the temperature of boiling water would vary ________ whether human lives were threatened. (A) deciding on (B) dependent on (C) depend on (D) depending on

答案：(D)

翻译：我们假设钢铁强度与沸水温度会根据是否威胁人命而变化。

解析：现在分词 depending on 作状语。

36. ________ dinner, Alex left his house and went to the movies. (A) Finishing (B) Having (C) After finished (D) Having finished

答案：(D)

翻译：吃完晚餐后，亚历克斯出门去看电影。

解析：先完成动作，主动，用 Having finished。

37. ________ my teeth, I went to bed. (A) Brushing (B) I brushed (C) I had brushed (D) Having brushed

答案：(D)

翻译：刷完牙后，我上床睡觉。

解析：先完成动作，用 Having brushed。

38. While we were waiting for his coming, all of us stood at the busy corner, ________. (A) to look (B) looked (C) looking (D) having looked

答案：(C)

翻译：等他来时，我们都站在热闹的街角张望。

解析：伴随动作，用 looking。

39. After the earthquake, they dared not stay in the house, ________ that there would be aftershocks. (A) feared (B) fearing (C) to fear (D) fear

答案：(B)

翻译：地震后，他们不敢待在屋里，担心有余震。

解析：主动伴随，用 fearing。

40. ________ the office manager, Mrs. Lawson always spends a lot of time going through detailed operations. (A) Will be (B) She is (C) Being (D) Is being

答案：(C)

翻译：作为办公室经理，劳森太太总是花很多时间处理细节业务。

解析：Being (she is) the office manager 简化。

41. Diners typically pay $15 to $25 for a foie gras appetizer, ________ on the restaurant. (A) being depends (B) depends (C) which depending (D) depending

答案：(D)

翻译：食客通常为鹅肝开胃菜支付15至25美元，视餐厅而定。

解析：固定用法 depending on。

42. ________ to a more comprehensive learning environment with a variety of classes, I managed to improve my English proficiency. (A) Expose myself (B) Being exposed (C) Having exposed (D) Exposing

答案：(B)

翻译：置身于多元课程的全面学习环境，我成功提升了英语水平。

解析：被动结构 be exposed to，简化为 Being exposed。

43. Online shopping centers are (A) springing up everywhere, ________ customers to use their credit cards to buy (C) on impulse. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) allowing

解析：结果状语，用 allowing。

44. Warmer climate led to changes in the ecology of Europe, ________ the animal population and methods of hunting. (A) affecting (B) effecting (C) having affected (D) which affect

答案：(A)

翻译：气候变暖改变了欧洲生态，影响了动物数量与狩猎方式。

解析：结果状语，用 affecting。

45. With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, ________ them fragile. (A) make (B) and to make (C) making (D) which make

答案：(C)

翻译：随着年龄增长，人体骨骼矿物质含量下降，使其变脆。

解析：结果状语，用 making。

46. A string of earthquakes shook the town, sending villagers running and ________ the evacuation of some 2,000 people. (A) to force (B) forced (C) have forced (D) forcing

答案：(D)

翻译：一连串地震震动小镇，让村民四散奔逃，并迫使约2000人撤离。

解析：并列结果状语，用 forcing。

47. In November 1865, ________, The Athenaeum rated Elizabeth Gaskell as a powerful novelist. (A) reports about her death (B) a report about her death (C) reported about her death (D) when reporting her death (E) as reporting about her death

答案：(D)

翻译：1865年11月，在报道她的死讯时，《雅典娜神庙》评论伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔是极具影响力的小说家。

解析：when (it was) reporting 简化。

48. Writers sometimes make references to things outside the text, ________ the reader will understand the references. (A) assume (B) assumed (C) assuming (D) have assumed

答案：(C)

翻译：作家有时会引用文本外的事物，假定读者能理解这些指涉。

解析：主动伴随，用 assuming。

49. Today, bubble tea shops occupy nearly every corner of Taiwan streets, ________ like wildfire across Asia. (A) spreading (B) spreads (C) spread (D) had spread

答案：(A)

翻译：如今，奶茶店几乎占据台湾街头每个角落，并如野火般席卷亚洲。

解析：伴随状语，用 spreading。

50. ________ with just standing here, I took out my cell phone to play online games. (A) Felt bored (B) Feeling boring (C) Feeling bored (D) Felt boring

答案：(C)

翻译：觉得干站着很无聊，我拿出手机玩线上游戏。

解析：人感到无聊用 bored，主动简化为 Feeling bored。

51. ________ many secretarial courses, Catherine is certain to meet your requirements. (A) To take (B) Having taken (C) Had taken (D) Being taken

答案：(B)

翻译：修过许多秘书课程，凯瑟琳一定能满足你的要求。

解析：先完成动作，用 Having taken。

52. We had trouble ________ the obscure path through the forest. (A) to find (B) for finding (C) finding (D) with finding

答案：(C)

翻译：我们很难找到森林里那条隐蔽的小路。

解析：固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing。

53. I (A) could have studied more Korean history and literature to (B) help me understand my country better, (C) but instead, I spent so much time ________ English at school. 找出错误并改正

答案：(D) learning

解析：spend time (in) doing。

54. ________ the horse to the cart, John invited us to take a ride with him. (A) Harnessed (B) Harnessing (C) To harness (D) Harness

答案：(B)

翻译：把马套上车后，约翰邀请我们一起乘车。

解析：主动伴随，用 Harnessing。

55. Children (A) who move to a foreign country ________ much more ________ than their parents, (D) by picking up the language and customs quickly. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) adapt

解析：主动现在式，adapt。

56. ________ since graduation from high school, Joe had to find jobs to sustain himself. (A) Having self-supported (B) Self-supported (C) Self-supporting (D) Being self-supported

答案：(B)

翻译：高中毕业后自食其力，乔必须找工作养活自己。

解析：被动/状态简化，Self-supported。

57. ________ at the party, I saw Peter standing alone. (A) Being arrived (B) Having been arrived (C) Arriving (D) Have been arriving

答案：(C)

翻译：到达派对时，我看见彼得独自站着。

解析：主动，简化为 Arriving。

58. The teacher said to her students: “Please write a 300-word essay, ________ in mind that conciseness is a virtue.” (A) to keep (B) be keep (C) keeping (D) kept

答案：(C)

翻译：老师对学生说：“请写一篇300字短文，记住简洁是美德。”

解析：伴随状语，用 keeping。

59. ________ to become the top supplier in this industry, VocalBeauty expanded its distribution chain into Europe. (A) Strive (B) To strive (C) Striving (D) Striven

答案：(C)

翻译：致力于成为行业顶尖供应商，美声公司将分销链扩展到欧洲。

解析：主动伴随，用 Striving。

60. The officers acted improperly and aggressively, ________ causing losses. (A) ever since (B) thereby (C) when (D) before

答案：(B)

翻译：高管行为不当且激进，从而造成损失。

解析： thereby causing 表结果。

61. ________ experience different cultures all her life, she was thrilled to find a foreign job offer. (A) Want to (B) Having wanted to (C) She wants to (D) Wanted to

答案：(B)

翻译：一生都想体验不同文化，她很高兴收到国外工作机会。

解析：先完成愿望，用 Having wanted to。

62. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each one ________ major point in contrast. (A) makes (B) made (C) is to make (D) making

答案：(D)

翻译：文章开头与结尾描述两篇新闻报道，每一篇都形成对比要点。

解析：独立主格，making。

63. When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper ________ before him. (A) spreading (B) spread (C) was spreading (D) was spread

答案：(B)

翻译：我走进来时，爷爷坐在餐桌旁，报纸摊开在面前。

解析：独立主格，被动，spread。

64. The weather ________ nice, we decided to go hiking. (A) was (B) would be (C) being (D) to be

答案：(C)

翻译：天气很好，我们决定去徒步。

解析：独立主格，being。

65. My colleagues, every one of them ________, are confident that they can get the job done ahead of schedule. (A) experience (B) experienced (C) experiences (D) experiencing

答案：(B)

翻译：我的同事个个经验丰富，有信心提前完成工作。

解析：独立主格，experienced。

66. This literary work is a wealth of stories, each page ________ a new aspect of our relation ________ temporality. (A) unveils / on (B) unveiling / with (C) unveiled / to (D) has unveiled / for

答案：(B)

翻译：这部文学作品充满故事，每一页都揭示我们与时间关系的新面向。

解析：独立主格，unveiling；搭配 relation with。

67. Last year we went to an NBA game in New York, the stadium ________ with cheerful people. (A) packed (B) was packed (C) packing (D) was packing

答案：(A)

翻译：去年我们去纽约看NBA比赛，体育场挤满欢乐的人群。

解析：独立主格，被动，packed。

68. Researchers built computer simulations to compare 63 fossilized skulls—each ________ to a different species—to those of modern whales. (A) correspond (B) corresponding (C) is corresponding (D) corresponded (E) corresponds

答案：(B)

翻译：研究者建立电脑模拟，比较63个化石头骨（每个对应不同物种）与现代鲸鱼。

解析：独立主格，corresponding。

69. The dragon ________ fire, no one dared to go any closer. (A) are breathing (B) breathes (C) breathing (D) breathed

答案：(C)

翻译：龙在喷火，没人敢再靠近。

解析：独立主格，breathing。

70. ________ in a downpour this morning, everything from my hair clips to my shoestrings got soaking wet. (A) Caught (B) Having caught (C) When I was caught (D) Having been caught

答案：(C)

翻译：今天早上我遇上倾盆大雨，从发夹到鞋带全都湿透了。

解析：主语不同，不能省略，保留 When I was caught。

71. Having seen the movie, ________. (A) my headache came badly (B) my headache felt bad (C) I had a bad headache (D) I became headache (E) my head was aching hard

答案：(C)

翻译：看完电影后，我头痛得厉害。

解析：简化子句主语必须与主要子句一致，都是 I。

72. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree, ________. (A) my education will be employed (B) employment will be given to me (C) the university will employ me (D) I will be employed by the university

答案：(D)

翻译：根据奖学金条件，我完成学位后将被大学聘用。

解析：主语一致，都是 I。

73. Accustomed to climbing trees, ________. (A) I had no difficulty reaching the top (B) Reaching to top was not hard to me (C) The top was not difficult for me to reach (D) To reach the top was not a problem for me

答案：(A)

翻译：习惯爬树后，我毫不费力就爬到顶端。

解析：主语一致，都是 I。

74. To gain experience, to quicken their reflexes, and to test their skills against real opponents, ________. (A) the sparring practiced by boxers (B) when boxers practice sparring (C) boxers practice sparring (D) to practice sparring by boxers

答案：(C)

翻译：为了积累经验、加快反应、对抗真实对手，拳击手练习对打。

解析：不定词主语与主要子句一致，boxers。

75. Located 15 miles above the ground, ________ from much of the sun’s ultraviolet light. (A) to shield the Earth’s surface (B) shielding the Earth’s surface (C) the Earth’s surface shield (D) the ozone layer shields the Earth’s surface

答案：(D)

翻译：臭氧层位于地面上方15英里处，保护地球表面免受大部分紫外线伤害。

解析：简化子句主语是 ozone layer，句子主语必须一致。

76. Exhausted by a four-hour hike in the summer heat, ________, a car luckily gave us a lift. 找出错误并改正

答案：we luckily got a lift

解析：主语必须是 we，与 exhausted 逻辑主语一致。

77. Which of the following sentences is the best in grammar and style? (A) To avoid dismissing anyone, salaries were cut. (B) To avoid dismissing anyone, 40 percent were cut. (C) To avoid dismissing anyone, the boss cut salaries. (D) To avoid dismissing anyone, 40 percent were cut by the boss.

答案：(C)

翻译：为避免裁员，老板将薪资削减40%。

解析：不定词主语与句子主语一致，the boss。

78. Skimming along the surface of the ocean or rising from its depths, ________ to their aquatic habitat. (A) jellyfish are perfectly adapted (B) the perfect adaptation (C) jellyfish are adapted perfectly (D) perfectly adapted jellyfish

答案：(A)

翻译：在海面滑行或从深处升起，水母完全适应水生环境。

解析：主语一致，jellyfish。

79. Producing nearly forty percent of the oxygen in the world, ________. (A) Brazil is the place (B) the Amazon Rain Forest’s location (C) the Amazon Rain Forest is located in Brazil (D) and the Amazon Rain Forest locates

答案：(C)

翻译：亚马逊雨林产出全球近40%的氧气，位于巴西。

解析：producing 的逻辑主语是雨林，句子主语必须一致。

80. Speech arises not just from the (A) expressive values of the words when (B) join with due (C) respect for logic and syntax but also (D) from my experience. 找出错误并改正

答案：(B) joined

解析：被动，when (they are) joined。

81. Ms. Jordan demonstrated her watch that flashes the time in lighted numerals when ________ a button. 找出错误并改正

答案：(D) pressed

解析：button 是被按，when (it is) pressed。

82. People often decide whether to open an e-mail based on the subject line, ________ that lets readers know you address their concerns. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) choosing

解析：伴随状语，主动，choosing。

83. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ________ with other elements. (A) combined (B) having combined (C) combine (D) being combined

答案：(D)

翻译：铝在自然界中无法单独存在，因为总是与其他元素结合。

解析：介词后用动名词，被动，being combined。

84. After ________ from the river, fish must be sorted before being sold as food. (A) being caught (B) catching (C) caught (D) catch

答案：(A)

翻译：鱼从河里被捕捞后，必须分类才能出售。

解析：被动，after being caught。

85. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone ________ to the system, so does the computer system. (A) adding (B) to have added (C) to add (D) added

答案：(D)

翻译：正如电话网络价值随新电话接入而提升，电脑系统价值也随程序增加而提升。

解析：phone 是被加入，added。

86. She was reading the story with tears ________ down her cheeks. (A) rolled (B) roll (C) rolling (D) to roll

答案：(C)

翻译：她读着故事，眼泪顺着脸颊流下。

解析：with 独立主格，rolling。

87. The police officer went out to patrol, ________ being quite ill. (A) despite (B) in spite (C) despite that (D) in spite of that

答案：(A)

翻译：尽管病得很重，这位警察仍出去巡逻。

解析：despite 后接分词。

88. The young guests are socializing on the lawn with each one of them holding a glass and ________. (A) chat (B) chats (C) chatting (D) chatted (E) to chat

答案：(C)

翻译：年轻客人在草坪上社交，每人拿着杯子聊天。

解析：并列伴随，chatting。

89. Three policy papers soon to be released ________ the question: Australia still addicted to foreign borrowing? (A) beg / on (B) begs / in spite of (C) begging / with (D) beg / with

答案：(D)

解析：主动现在式，beg。

90. I find it hard to concentrate on studying with the radio ________. (A) turning on (B) on (C) be turned on (D) to turn on

答案：(B)

翻译：收音机开着，我很难专心读书。

解析：with + 宾语 + 形容词/副词，on。

91. ________ sufficient electricity for daily conveniences, we must find different ways to generate power. (A) Having had (B) Without having (C) To have had (D) Having not

答案：(B)

翻译：没有足够电力满足日常便利，我们必须寻找不同发电方式。

解析：Without (we have) 简化。

92. Despite ________ their family and property, the earthquake victims have strived to live on. (A) lost (B) losing (C) they lost (D) the loss

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管失去家人与财产，地震灾民仍努力活下去。

解析：despite 后接动名词，losing。

93. More than 40 percent of adults experience daytime sleepiness severe enough to interfere with their daily activities—with 20 percent ________ problem sleepiness a few days a week. (A) to report (B) reported (C) report (D) reporting

答案：(D)

翻译：超过40%的成年人白天严重嗜睡，20%每周数日报告有睡眠问题。

解析：with 独立主格，reporting。

94. ________ in Argentina, Brazil, or Trinidad, carnival is one of the most exciting events. (A) Which (B) That (C) If (D) Whether

答案：(D)

翻译：无论是在阿根廷、巴西还是特立尼达，嘉年华都是最精彩的活动之一。

解析：Whether (it is) in… 简化。

95. ________ banks being concerned about liquidity, they have no systems for managing cash flow. (A) Because (B) Despite (C) Even though (D) When

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管银行关注流动性，却没有管理现金流的系统。

解析：Despite + 名词/分词结构。

96. The ageing population is expected to increase rapidly, with people over 70 ________ to be 35% by 2050. (A) estimate (B) estimating (C) has been estimated (D) estimated (E) to be estimated

答案：(D)

翻译：老龄化人口预计快速增长，到2050年70岁以上人口估计占35%。

解析：被动，estimated。

97. He also spoke critically about the Benghazi raid, ________ by an officer in the Operations branch. (A) in spite having been warned (B) in spite of having been warned (C) in spite he has been warned (D) in spite being warned

答案：(B)

翻译：尽管被行动部门官员警告过，他仍批评班加西突袭事件。

解析：in spite of + 动名词完成被动式。

98. ________ the scope of possible cyber-attack and the pace, it is not feasible to protect everything. (A) Given (B) Giving (C) In giving (D) By giving (E) While giving

答案：(A)

翻译：考虑到可能的网络攻击范围与速度，不可能随时保护一切。

解析：Given (that) 考虑到，简化为 Given。

99. ________ arriving at a conclusion, we listen and try to comprehend their claims. (A) For (B) When (C) By (D) Ever since

答案：B

翻译：下结论时，我们会倾听并理解他们的主张。

解析：When (we are) arriving 简化。

100. For there ________ successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement. (A) is (B) to be (C) will be (D) being

答案：(B)

翻译：要成功沟通，必须专注与参与。

解析：for there to be 不定词结构。

101. The differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly ________. (A) noticing (B) to be noticed (C) being noticed (D) to notice

答案：(B)

翻译：英美英语差异微小，几乎难以被注意到。

解析：so…as to 结构，被动 to be noticed。

102. ________ bricks, workers press clay into blocks and bake them. (A) Making (B) To make (C) Being made (D) Made

答案：(B)

翻译：为了制砖，工人把黏土压成块再烧制。

解析：目的状语，To make。

103. (A) Several delegates flew from Panama (B) to ________ the ambassador and his family (D) before the concert. 找出错误并改正

答案：(C) greet

解析：to 后接原形动词 greet。

104. Like scientific theorists, painters and musicians often formulate abstract theories ________ the results of their experimentation. (A) are explaining (B) to explain (C) explanation of (D) explained

答案：(B)

翻译：与科学理论家一样，画家与音乐家常构建抽象理论来解释实验结果。

解析：目的状语，to explain。

105. Parents must ensure that their children obtain enough calcium in their diet ________ strengthen their bones. (A) because of (B) in order to (C) so as (D) In light of

答案：(B)

翻译：父母必须确保孩子饮食摄取足够钙质，以强化骨骼。

解析：目的，in order to。

106. The whole process can be like the steps taken to ________ a complicated dinner. (A) preparing (B) preparing for (C) prepare of (D) prepare

答案：(D)

解析：to 后接原形动词 prepare。

107. The protagonist of the novel is traumatized, ________ the one who survived the terrorist attack. (A) for being (B) to be (C) being (D) been

答案：(C)

翻译：小说主角受过创伤，因为他是恐怖攻击的幸存者。

解析：原因状语，being。

109. ________ joint, the knee is among the most frequently injured. (A) Being a weight-bearing (B) Being a weight-born (C) For been a weight-bearing (D) For being a weight-born

答案：(A)

翻译：膝盖是承重关节，是最容易受伤的部位之一。

解析：Being (it is) a weight-bearing joint 简化。

110. ________, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city. (A) It is the fourth biggest city (B) It was the fourth biggest city (C) Once the fourth biggest city (D) Before the fourth biggest city it was (E) The fourth biggest city

答案：(C)

翻译：圣路易斯曾是第四大城市，现已成为第24大城市。

解析：Once (it was) the fourth biggest city 简化。

111. Developing a strategy that your company cannot execute, ________ wonderful, is simply bad strategy. (A) regardless (B) no matter (C) no matter how (D) regardless of (E) no matter whether

答案：(C)

翻译：制定公司无法执行的策略，无论多棒，都只是糟糕策略。

解析：no matter how (it is) wonderful 简化。

112. Even if plumed dinosaurs existed, their fragile feathers would rarely, ________, be preserved in the fossil record. (A) if ever (B) if never (C) if even (D) if when

答案：(A)

翻译：即使有羽毛恐龙存在，它们脆弱的羽毛也极少（如果有的话）保存在化石中。

解析：固定插入语 if ever。

Chapter 1 基本句型

重要观念

一、题目＋解析

Chapter 2 名词短语

重要观念

Chapter 3 代名词

重要观念

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

Chapter 4 形容词

重要观念

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

Chapter 5 副词

重要观念

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

Chapter 6 比较句法

重要观念

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

Chapter 7 介系词

重要观念

一、题目＋解析（一题一解＋完整翻译）

Chapter 8 分词

重要观念

Chapter 9 动词时态

重要观念

Chapter 10 被动语态

重要观念

Chapter 11 语气助动词

重要观念

Chapter 12 假设语气

重要观念

Chapter 13 动名词

重要觀念

Chapter 14 不定词片语

重要观念

Chapter 15 对等连接词

重要观念

Chapter 16 对等子句

重要观念

Chapter 17 名词子句

重要观念

Chapter 18 副词子句

重要观念

Chapter 19 关系子句

重要观念

Chapter 20 主词动词一致性

重要观念

Chapter 21 倒装句

重要观念

Chapter 22 简化子句（总整理）

重要观念

Chapter 23 关系子句简化

Chapter 24 名词子句简化

重要观念

Chapter 25 副词子句简化

重要观念

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